最新人教版英语必修4unit1语法

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语法一致
The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?
A knife and fork is used to have ______________________________ meals.
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句子成分
(一)主语 主语是指句子谈论的主题，也
就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态
的主体。 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1.名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词； 4. 动名词；5. 不定式； 6. 词组或复合结构； 7. 从句；8. 名词化的其他词类 ______________________________
Subject---Verb Agreement
主谓一致原则
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• 一、语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或 复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。
• 二、意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复 数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决 于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集 体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这 些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用 单数；指具体成员时用复数。
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不定代词
everybody somebody something
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How to use none and neither
代词none和neither有时用作单 数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根 据说话人的意思决定.但是代表 不可数名词时,只看作单 数;neither作形容词时与单数名 词连用,谓语动词用单数.
• 三、就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决 于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的 词
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The boy __is___ diving. They __a_re__ diving. Both Jack and Tim __a_re__ diving. Neither Jack nor Tim __is___ walking. All of them _a_r_e__ diving.
6.The class have (have, has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.
7.The government has (has, have) spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.
英语句子概论
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简单句的基本词序
主语
动词部ght a hat
The children ran
We
ate
our meal
The car stopped
状语 方式 地点 时间
yesterday. home.
1、集体名词做主语时的主谓一致
由集体名词，如group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, company, audience, club, party, crew等作主语 时,如果看成一个整体(强调整体），谓语动 词用单数形式, 如果看成其中各成员，（强调个体）则用复 数形式.
注意：集体名词为 people, police, cattle，谓语动 词用复数形式
e.g. The police are searching for the thief.
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Choose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.
has
Many a man ______b__e___l_i__e__v__e___s____________t__h__e___s_tory. ____________________
The group __is__ made up of nine students. The group_a_r_e_ dancing happily.
in silence. suddenly.
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句子成分是指构成句子的 各个组成部分，即词和词组在句 子中的各种语法意义。句子成分 主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、 定语、状语。另外，一些句子还 有一些其他的成分，如同位语、 呼语、插入语等。
句子成分
1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词 短语来充当
She got here at six.
2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语”构成的 The girl felt cold. He is a teacher.
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数. 如:
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Each man and woman ___Ａ___ the same rights.
A. has
B. have
C. had
D. is having
２）由each, every, no, many a(许多)所修饰 的名词，即使用 and连接作主语，谓语动词 一般用单数。
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1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
状
语语 语 语 位
语
语
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语法一致
主谓一致
１） 由 and 连接的并列主语，如 果主语是同一个人，同一事，同 一概念时，谓语动词用单数，否 则用复数这时后面的名词没有冠词。
are
has
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主谓一致
内容一致/ 意义一致
2) 用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个 整体, 如: bread and butter, knife and fork 等作主 语时(由两个部件配成的物品), 谓语动词用单
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1.Neither of us w__a_s/_w_e_r_e_ (was/were) ready when the party began.
2. None of them _h_av_e_/_h_a_s_ (has/have) watched the talk show.
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The team __ha_s_ some good players. (have) The team __a_re_ handsome. (be)
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8.The city government have ( has, have) different opinions about next year’s plan.
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二、代词作主语
两者都不
•Neither ＿do＿g __A___ big. ( A. is B. are ) •＿N＿ei＿th＿er of them _A_/_B__ big. ( A. is B. are ) •Neither ＿ra＿bb＿it __A___ handsome. ( A. is B. are ) •N＿e＿it＿h＿er of the rabbits _A__/ _B_ handsome.. ( A. is B. are )
4.He has to worry. His family are (is, are)
waiting for him.
5.The class is (is, are) more than forty
in number.
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语法一致
Mary’s
谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数 一致。
Tom’s
Mary __h_a_s___ a dog.
Mary and Tom _h__av_e___ a dog.
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1.The research group is (is, are) made up of
five people.
2.What do (do, does) the group want for their
lunch?
3.Our family is (is, are) not poor any more.
句子成分
Who is speaking, please? 代 To act like that is children不. 定式 Two will be enough. 数 Beijing is a beautiful city.名 Dancing is fun. 动名词 What he said was wrong. 从句 ______________________________
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由and连接的两个单数名词语法做一主致 语时，谓动一般用复数。
A young man and a girl want to go there.
The singer and the writer are famous to many young people.
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句子成分
（二）谓语
谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所 处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来
充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持 一致。谓语有广义与狭义之分，广义 的谓语指主语以外包括动词在内的部 分，狭义的谓语仅仅指动词，这里我 们讨论的是广义上的谓语。
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Both Jack and Tim __a_re__ diving.
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语法一致
The singer and dancer __is___ ______________________________ on the stage.
neither + n.(singl.) V.(singl.)
neither of
singl.
none of n.(C)
V.
plural.
n. (U)
V.(singl.)
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语法一致
none 做主语时, 谓语动词可用单数, 也可 用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是 看作单数, 因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: