2022年江苏省南京市鼓楼区高一下学期期中统考英语试题word版含答案

江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中统考英语
试题
测试时间120分钟全卷满分150分
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green?
It’s better to take a shower than a bath.
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you’ll use as much water as in a bath----about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple. In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away.
_____________________________
When we tun off a device, such as television, it goes into stand-by mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your a ppliances are in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what’s really green.
21. What food is more environmentally friendly?
A. It all depends.
B. None of them.
C. Local produce.
D. Non-native food.
22. Which of the following best suits the blank?
A. When you turn off a device, it still uses power.
B. When you tun off a device, it stops using power.
C. Unplugging a device is better than turning off a device.
D. Going into stand-by mode is better than turning off a device.
23. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To tell the truth about some “green truths”.
B. To call on people to protect the environment.
C. To explain the significance of energy-saving.
D. To present some practical ways to reduce waste.
B
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession, but the lines from the open chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring. “A Fable for Tomorrow”, show her talent as a writer. By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert (使警惕) not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystem-----in particular, to the harmful use of pesticides (杀虫剂), such as DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way.
Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation. Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies. The book details the programme of removing gypsy moth, which killed birds, in addition to killing gypsy moths. Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows, but not fire ants. The book also gives dozens of other examples of removal programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s source, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone. Though Carson’s research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her book, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.
These were attempts to da mage Carson’s reputation (名声) and stop her from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research. Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims----and today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
24. Which of the following is included in the passage?
① Background of the book ② Features of the book
③ Purposes of the book ④ Responses to the book
A. ①②③
B. ②③④
C. ①③④
D. ①②④
25. Some people questioned Carson’s ideas because they thought __________________.
A. she lacked sufficient evidence
B. she was ignorant of true science
C. she was anxious to get the credit
D. she was unprofessional in that field
26. Silent Spring is a book that __________________.
A. reveals humans to be the ruler of the world
B. charges pesticide industry with immoral act
C. illustrates the potential danger of pesticides
D. requests people to appreciate the beauty of spring
27. Which of the following can best describe Carson?
A. Scientific and forward-looking.
B. Ordinary and responsible.
C. Courageous and well-educated.
D. Intelligent and adventurous.
C
Flower scents (香味) help pollinators (传粉者) locate their favorite plants. Scientists have established that air pollutants change those scents, throwing off the tracking abilities of such beneficial insects as honeybees. But new lab experiments are the first to confirm that one pollinator, the tobacco hawkmoth, can quickly learn that a pollution-changed scent comes from the jasmine tobacco flower that the insect likes.
Chemical ecologist Markus Knaden and colleagues focused on one pollutant-ozone, the main element in smog. In the lab, his team blew an ozone-changed scent from a tiny tube into a tunnel, with a moth (飞蛾) awaiting at the far end of the tunnel. Usually, when the moth smells the unchanged scent, it flies upwind and uses its long, skinny mouthparts to probe the tube the way that it would a flower. The researchers expected that the changed scent might throw the moth off a little. But the insect wasn’t attracted at all.
In addition to scent, tobacco hawkmoths track flowers visually, so Knaden’s team used the feature, along with a sweet snack, to train the moth to be attracted to a pollution-changed scent. The researchers wrapped a brightly-colored artificial flower around the tube to trick the moth back across the tunnel, despite the unfamiliar scent. And the team added sugar water to the artificial flower. After a moth was given four minutes to taste the sweet stuff, it was attracted to the new smell when sent into the tunnel 15 minutes later, even when neither the sugar water nor the visual signal of the artificial flower was present.
This study focused on only one moth species, but Knaden’s team is now working on planning experiments with other pollinators that are easier to follow than tobacco hawknoths. While he guesses honeybees might also be as adaptable as the moth was, that won’t be true of every pollinator. “The situation can become very bad for insects that are not as clever or cannot see that well. I don’t want the take-home message to be that pollution is not a problem.”
28. What does the underlined word “probe” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Surround.
B. Favour.
C. Access.
D. Examine.
29. According to the passage, _________________________.
A. not all moths were attracted to ozone-changed scent as expected
B. the current research conducted by Knaden is pioneering and wide-ranging
C. not all pollinators are adaptable to human-driven changes to their environment
D. the moth didn’t like the new smell without sugar water and artificial flower
30. What’s Knaden’s attitude towards the finding of the study?
A. Positive.
B. Cautious.
C. Unclear.
D. Critical.
31. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. A moth can be rid of the tracking ability to locate its favourite plants.
B. A moth is able to establish a relationship between pollution and scents.
C. A moth may outsmart smog by learning to like pollution-changed scent.
D. A moth is born with an ability to adapt to the changes in the environment.
D
The first wide-ranging assessment of medical crowdfunding in the United States shows that people in states with higher medical debt (债务) and lower rates of insurance coverage (保险范围) are more likely to try to raise money through crowdfunding websites, but less likely to succeed. From 2016 through 2020, more medical campaigns (运动) on the crowdfunding site GoFundMe were started in low-income and under-insured communities. But campaigns in wealthier communities with higher rates of insurance coverage raised significantly more money.
Mississippi, for example, has the highest percentage of population with medical debt and is among the highest in percentage of uninsured, but crowdfunding campaigns there raised the least money of all 50 states. Vermont, on the other hand, raised the most. Its population had one of the lowest percentages of uninsured people and was around the middle as to the percentage of population without medical debt.
“Only the most successful campaigns are stressed on social media, giving the impression that crowdfunding works,” says study coauthor Nors Kenworthy, a pubic health researcher. But, she says. we need to be more “clear-eyed” about crowdfunding’s limits and the kinds of gaps it fills.
Yet even in countries like Canada and the United Kingdom, which have some form of universal health care coverage, studies of crowdfunding stress significant gaps. In those countries, crowdfinding is often for expenses indirectly related to illness and accidents, such as lost wages, transportation and child-care costs, Kenworthy says. According to one 2019 study, crowdfunding in Canada for cancer-related expenses is less successful in areas with lower education and income.
While GoFundMe’s previous CEO Rober Solomon has called concerns that crovdfunding increases socioeconomic inequalities “hogwash”(一派胡吉), the new study negates that, says Jeremy Snyde, a Canadian health researcher, who was not involved in this research.
“Crowdfunding depends heavily on peer networks that typically have similar features, including income, to the campaigner themselves,” says Snyder, “If GoFundMe has data that suggests otherwise, then they have a duty to make it public.”
32.In the United States, online crowdfunding _______________________.
A.relieves the medical problem of those in poverty
B.rids the under-insured states of high medical debt
C. deepens health care inequalities in different areas
D. funds rich communities with higher insurance coverage
33. Why does the author mention Canada and the UK?
A. To reveal different purposes of crowdfunding.
B. To illustrate the noticeable gaps of crowdfunding.
C. To further explore crowdfunding in other countries.
D. To compare their crowdfunding with that in the USA.
34. What can you infer from the passage?
A. Medical crowdfunding rarely helps those who need it most.
B. Social media covers up the truth that crowdfunding never works.
C. The USA has a higher rate of insurance coverage like Canada and the UK.
D. Medical crowdfunding raises more money than social media posts suggest.
35. Which of the following does Snyder most probably agree with?
A. GoFundMe must provide more data to support its stand.
B. Crowdfunding narrows the financial gap among different classes.
C. We should be more aware of crowdfunding’s limits and purposes.
D. Without peer networks, crowdfunding couldn’t function properly.
第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

When did you last write a letter? Properly write one-by hand? In a digital world, where sending a text or email is far more convenient than using snail mail (传统信件), is it still necessary to write with traditional pen and paper? Well, some people believe that writing still has many benefits. _____36_____
These days, When people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted. _____37_____ But making a handwritten document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and, as well as practicing your handwriting, it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation（标点）.
_____38_____ This is particularly relevant for students, where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lack the “tactile (触觉的) feedback” to the brain that contact between pen and paper does. BBC Worklife website quotes Hetty Roessing from the University of Calgary, who says that “taking notes by hand involves cognitive (认知的) engagement in summarizing, paraphrasing, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping.” Others agree that handwriting may boost fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.
There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. Drawing notes. shopping lists, or messages on the back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable. _____39_____ Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told the BBC: “In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you.”
So, while digital skill s remain important, don’t write off your pens and pencils yet.---- _____40_____
A.After all, we can’t ignore the benefits handwriting bring to us.
B.So maybe it’s not time to throw away your pens or pencils yet.
C.Especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!
D. And writing a letter to a friend is a good way to practise handwriting.
E. Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper.
F. Doing this on a computer means it could be saved, edited, copied and sent via email.
G. But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 、D四个选项中选可以填入空白处的最佳选项Zhang Mengqiu, born in 2002, won two gold and three sil ver medals in all five events of the women’s alpine skiing standing at the Winter Paralympic Games. She ___41___ viewers by styling five different hairdos at award ceremonies to ___42___ her confidence, beauty, as well as optimism towards life.
Zhang, who suffered from functional movement disorder as a consequence of cerebral palsy (脑瘫), was ___43___ to Alpine skiing in Hebei para-team in 2016. Zhang’s ___44___ speed was slightly slower than others due to her ___45___ disadvantage. When she first hit the slopes, Zhang ___46___ she was a slow learner. ___47___, she decided to put in extra hours ___48___ to master the sport’s skills, believing that “there are not many ___49___ battles one can meet in life, so you need to spare no effort before the battles.”
A year later, Zhang was selected to the national team. With ___50___ and ambition, she began to ___51___ at international competitions, winning numerous major ___52___. During the campaign ___53___ 300 million people in winter sports in China, Zhang improved rapidly in recent years. “l am not good at ___54___ but I hope the gold can let more people know that efforts eventually will be turned into ___55___ ” Zhang said.
( )41. A. conducted B. favoured C. informed D. surprised
( )42. A. track B. process C. reveal D. permit
( )43. A. attached B. glued C. introduced D. devoted
( )44. A. defence B. delivery C. procedure D. reaction
( )45. A. intellectual B. mental C. physical D. emotional
( )46. A. proved B. admitted C. declared D. signalled
( )47. A. Thus B. Instead C. Besides D. Indeed
( )48. A. in store B. in charge C. in practice D. in turn
( )49. A. appealing B. limited C. further D. significant
( )50. A. talent B. determination C. appreciation D. wisdom
( )51. A. shine B. belong C. quit D. explore
( )52. A. credits B. titles C. affairs D. funds
( )53. A. applying B. involving. C. locating D. benefiting
( )54. A. commenting B. profiting C. expressing D. protesting
( )55. A. trials B. rewards C. awards D. recipes
第二节语法填空（共10 小题：每小题 1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。

Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists. Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle
contributed to zoology. Aristotle, indeed, started methodical research, patiently 56.___________(collect) material and laying 57._____________(mass) foundations (基础) for modern science. Before Plato and Aristotle, there had been scientist-philosophers. After them, Greek science made further advances. Two men may be mentioned for 56.___________ they did to push science forward. Both lived in the 3rd century B.C.
Euclid is even now well-known for his Elemerits, a textbook of geometry (几何学) , perhaps the most successful textbook ever 59.___________(write), because It was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.
Archimedes did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic(算术), mechanic and hydro-static (静水力学). He discovered that when 60.___________ body is immersed in water, its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced (排水). He invented machines which greatly helped his native city against the Romans. 61.___________(illustrate) the principle of the lever (杠杆), he is said to tell the king: “Give me a place to s tand, and I 62.___________(move) the world.”
Greek science did not neglect 63.___________(apply). Mathematics, the purest of science was applied in at least five field. Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work. As a result, they were able to deduce (推断) theories and built up systems, 64.___________ had a great influence on later scientists.
65.___________ they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science. It is there that great changes began in the 17th and 18th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，最近在报纸上读到了高科技给老人带来不便的报道，感到有责任给予老人一定的帮助，请你给校英文报写一封倡议信，呼吁大家一起参与。

内容包括：
1.倡议的原因；
2.如何提供帮助；
3.发出呼吁。

注意:
1.词数80 左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear schoolmates,
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________
Li Hua
第二节: 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Aly wandered toward the garden, where Miss Strawbridge, the landlady, was planting flowers. Last week, Aly and her parents had moved into the house in Miss Strawbridge’s backyard.
Aly watched silently until the old woman looked up and asked, “Why the long face, Aly?” “There aren’t any kids around here to play with.” said Aly. Miss Strawbridge’s blued eyes twinkled. “You should just like Rachel who used to live here.” said Miss Strawbridge. “Too bad you two young girls couldn’t have lived here at the same time.”
“What did Rachel do when she was bored?” asked Aly. “She planted a flower garden by the shed（棚子）in the backyard.” answered Miss Strawbridge. Miss Strawbridge handed Aly a trowel（铲子）and held out a box of flowers. For the rest of the afternoon, Aly pulled the weeds, dug and planted. But when she stepped back and admired her blue and yellow flowers, she smiled. Still, it was too bad that Rachel wasn’t there to share it.
The next day, Aly watered her flowers, then wondered what else she could do. She walked across the yard to the garden, where Miss Strawbridge sat reading. She stood silently until the old woman looked up. “What else did Rachel do when she was bored?” asked Aly. “She wrote poetry in her flower garden.” Miss Strawbridge answered. “On e of her poem even won the first prize in a contest at school. The best way to learn how to write poetry is to read poetry.” She handed Aly her book.
For the rest of the afternoon, Aly lay on her stomach in the cool grass next to her flowers and read Miss Strawbridge’s book of poetry. After a while, she got some paper and a pencil from her house and scribbled（乱写）and erased. In the end she had a poem that might not be a prize winner but sounded good enough to make her smile. Still, it was too bad that Rachel wasn’t there. They could have read their poems to each other.
The next day, Aly watered her flowers, then wondered what else she could do. She rushed across the yard and knocked on Miss Strawbridge’s door. “What else did Rachel do when she was bored?” Ask ed Aly when Miss Strawbridge opened the door. “She played in the old shed and pretended it was her house.” Answered Miss Strawbridge.
Aly glanced back at the shed and then at Miss Strawbridge, Miss Strawbridge twinkled. “There’s nothing in the shed that yo u can hurt or that can hurt you.” She took a key off a hook next to the door and handed it to Aly.
She raced back into the shed, only to find a few chairs and boxes resting on the dusty shelves.______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________
It was a trophy（奖杯）with some words----First Place in Poetry. Rachel strawbridge. 1937. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分：听力（略）
第二部分：阅读理解
第一节：阅读理解
（A）21~23 ADA （B）24~27 BDCA （C）28~31 DCBC （D）32~35 CBAA
第二节：七选五
36~40 BFEGA
第三部分：语言运用
第一节：完形填空
41~45 DCCDA 46~50 BACDB 51~55 ABBCB
第二节：语法填空
56.collecting 57. massive 58. what 59. written 60. a
61.To illustrate 62. will move 63. application 64. which 65. But
第四部分：写作（略）。