2015年考研英语(二)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2015年考研英语（二）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing
Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with —or even looking at —a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a【C1】______underground. It’s a sad reality —our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there’s【C2】______to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it,【C3】______into your phone. This universal armor sends the【C4】______: “Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide【C5】______our screens? One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be【C6】______as “creepy”. We fear we’ll be【C7】______. We fear we’ll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently【C8】______to us, so we are more likely to feel【C9】______when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we【C10】______to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more【C11】______. “But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t【C12】______so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a【C13】______. They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow【C14】______. “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to【C15】______how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 【C16】______would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they 【C17】______with the experiment, “not a single person reported having been snubbed.”【C18】______, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense,【C19】______human beings thrive off social connections. It’s that【C20】______; Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.
1．【C1】
A．ticket
B．permit
C．signal
D．record
正确答案：C
解析：本文一开头，作者就告诉我们，“在当代文化中，和陌生人交流，甚至看他们一眼的情景都几乎让人受不了。

”然后说，“每个人似乎都同意我们摆弄手机的方式，即便在没有的地铁里”。

从这个语境，我们很容易推知，选择的单词语义应该是“信号”，因此选signal。

ticket意思是“票”；permit做名词是“许可证”；record意思是“记录”或者“履历”和“唱片”。

2．【C2】
A．nothing
B．link
C．another
D．much
正确答案：D
解析：“我们回避与他人交往的念头”(our desire to avoid interacting with other humanbeings)在作者看来是很悲哀的事情(a sad reality)。

为什么呢?作者用because 引导的从句给我们解释了原因，“因为和身边的陌生人聊天可以得到很多好处”。

这个意思就决定我们只能选择much。

3．【C3】
A．beaten
B．guided
C．plugged
D．brought
正确答案：C
解析：前一句解释了原因之后，作者马上就说，“当然了，这个好处你是不会知道的，如果你是被______你的手机”。

这个语境就需要我们选择一个和手机使用相关的词汇，所以只能选择plugged，plugged into your phone就是“把自己和手机连接在一起”。

大家是否经常看到年轻人耳朵里塞着耳机，手里捧着手机这个情景?beaten意思是“打”；guided意思是“引导”；而brought意思是“带来”。

这三个选项都与手机使用方式无关。

4．【C4】
A．message
B．cede
C．notice
D．sign
正确答案：A
解析：上面的那句“这种普遍装束是向别人传递一个什么信息呢”?当然就是“别烦我”。

所以选择message。

cede是个相对冷僻的单词，意思是“割让”，如：the territory ceded bythat country那个国家割让的领土；notice意思是“通知”、“告示”；而sign则是“信号”、“标志”、“迹象”。

5．【C5】
A．under
B．beyond
C．behind
D．from
正确答案：C
解析：前面是描述现象，接下来作者要分析这个现象的原因。

作者通过提问的方式“What isit that makes us feel we need to hide______our screens?”其意思是“那么是什么让我们觉得有必要躲在手机屏幕背后?”根据这个意思，必须选择介词behind。

6．【C6】
A．misinterpreted
B．misapplied
C．misadjusted
D．mismatched
正确答案：A
解析：第一个原因在Jon Wortmann看来就是“害怕”。

“我们害怕遭到拒绝，或者是害怕我们那种坦率的社交姿态(innocent social advances)或被别人误解为是‘让人毛骨悚然’的举动”。

生活中难道不是这样吗?你如果主动和别人搭讪，很有可能被别人看成是别有用心的。

根据这个题意，我们只能选择misinterpreted，该词是interpret前面添加一个mis一这个前缀派生而来的，意思是“错误地(mis 一)理解(interpret)”；misapplied意思是“错误地使用”；misadjusted是“错误地调节”；mismatched则是“错误地匹配”。

7．【C7】
A．fired
B．judged
C．replaced
D．delayed
正确答案：B
解析：这个句子仍然是解释我们害怕的原因，“我们害怕我们会被别人——”。

综合四个选项的意思，只能选择judged，也就是说“我们害怕我们会被别人评判”。

fired意思是“解雇”；replaced是“取代”；delayed是“耽搁，延误”。

8．【C8】
A．unreasonable
B．ungrateful
C．unconventional
D．unfamiliar
正确答案：D
解析：“陌生人对于我们来说具有固有的______性”，根据这个题意，答案必然是unfamiliar“陌生的”。

unreasonable是“不讲道理的”；ungrateful是“不感恩的”；unconventional则是“非常规的”。

9．【C9】
A．comfortable
B．anxious
C．confident
D．angry
正确答案：B
解析：既然“陌生人对于我们来说具有固有的不熟悉性，所以与他们交流和与朋友或熟人的交流相比起来就更有可能让我们感觉不自在”。

下一句的开头部分To avoid this anxiety其实也间接地引导我们必须选择单词anxious。

comfortable 意思是“舒适的”；confident是“有信心的”；angry是“生气的”。

10．【C10】
A．attend
B．point
C．take
D．turn
正确答案：D
解析：这句话的意思是“为了避免着急，我们转向手机”，所以选择turn。

Turn to sth．意思是“求助于”，再如：One can always turn to music for comfort．一个人总可以从音乐中得到安慰。

而attend to意思是“照顾、处理”，如：attend to a sick person照顾病人；attend tosb’s needs关照某人的需要；point to意思是“指向”，如：All evidence pointed to him asthe murderer．所有证据都指证他是凶手。

而take to则是“喜欢”，如：I never take to hisnovels．我从来没有喜欢过他的小说。

11．【C11】
A．dangerous
B．mysterious
C．violent
D．boring
正确答案：A
解析：Wortmann说，“手机成为我们有安全感的熟悉物品(security blanket)，也就是我们适当的防护镜，保护我们不遭受我们觉得是更为危险的事情”。

从这句句意来看，答案只能是dangerous。

mysterious意思是“神秘的”；violent是“暴力的”；boring是“无聊的”。

12．【C12】
A．hurt
B．resist
C．bend
D．decay
正确答案：A
解析：作者在这一段笔锋一转，说“但是我们一旦迅速甩掉这个权宜之计(也就是躲在手机后面，不和陌生人交流)，把手机塞入口袋，抬起头来，就会觉得这样做也没有多大的伤害。

”根据题意，答案就是hurt。

“抵制”(resist)、“弯曲”(bend)和“腐烂”(decay)本句中都讲不通。

13．【C13】
A．lecture
B．conversation
C．debate
D．negotiation
正确答案：B
解析：“在2011年的一个试验中，行为科学家Nicholas Epley和Juliana Schroeder要求上班族做一件不可想象的事情：和陌生人聊天”。

根据这个意思，我们只能选择conversation。

而lecture是“讲座”；debate是“辩论”；negotiation 是“谈判”。

14．【C14】
A．trainees
B．employees
C．researchers
D．passengers
正确答案：D
解析：这些科学家叫芝加哥乘火车的上班族做什么呢?当然是让他们和其他旅客聊天。

选择的单词只能是passengers。

这个句子的结构也值得大家注意：have sb．do sth．。

trainees意思是“受训练的人”；employees是“雇员”；researchers 则是“研究者”。

15．【C15】
A．reveal
B．choose
C．predict
D．design
正确答案：C
解析：做试验之前，Epley和Schroeder让同一列火车中的其他人______和陌生人说话后是什么感受，对还没有发生的事情作出评论，人们当然是进行“预测”(predict)。

reveal是“揭示”；choose是“选择”；design是“设计”。

16．【C16】
A．voyage
B．flight
C．walk
D．ride
正确答案：D
解析：那么上班族是怎么说的呢?他们认为如果自己坐着，不与别人搭讪，他们的旅途会更让他们开心。

根据题意，答案只能是ride“乘车”。

voyage是“海上航行”；flight是“飞行”；而walk是“行走”。

17．【C17】
A．went through
B．did away
C．caught up
D．put up
正确答案：A
解析：“虽然参与者没有想到会有积极性的经历，但是经历了这个试验之后，没有一个人说自己被别人怠慢(snub)了”。

题意决定应选是went through；do away with意思是“废除”，如：do away with the slavery废除奴隶制度；catch up with 是“赶上”，如：catch upwith advanced countries in science在科技上赶上发达国家；put up with是“忍受”，如：put up with his bad temper忍受他的坏脾气。

18．【C18】
A．In turn
B．In particular
C．In fact
D．In consequence
正确答案：C
解析：参加实验的人不但没有人说自己遭到别人的怠慢，事实上，和别人聊天的上下班乘车旅行比没有聊天的，据报道更让人开心。

从上下文的逻辑，我们不难判断答案是In fact。

In turn是“依次地、反过来”；In particular是“尤其是”；In consequence是“结果”。

19．【C19】
A．unless
B．since
C．if
D．whereas
正确答案：B
解析：选项的存在句是跟在定语从句which makes absolute sense(这绝对有道理)之后，应该是解释原因，所以选择since。

since human beings thrive off of social connections的意思是“人类因为有社会交往才会兴旺发达”。

20．【C20】
A．funny
B．simple
C．logical
D．rare
正确答案：B
解析：最后一句是对前面一句的阐释。

“事情就是这么简单：和陌生人聊天会让你感觉不孤独”。

所以只能选择simple。

而funny是“好笑的”；logical是“合乎逻辑的”；rare则是“罕见的”。

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s Cortisol, which is stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health. What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front, however, people
have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues —your family —have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they are your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home. So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
21．According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home______.
A．was an unrealistic place for relaxation
B．generated more stress than the workplace
C．was an ideal place for stress measurement
D．offered greater relaxation than the workplace
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

题区出现在第一段“A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys，people are actually more stressed at home than at work．”注意文章提及一项新调研和平日众多调研的结果不同，这项新调研说在家承受的压力比工作时多，由此反向得到“mostprevious surveys”先前众多调研的结果是家里压力比工作时少，选项D(家里比工作场所更让人轻松)和原文意思一致。

22．According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?______.
A．Working mothers
B．Childless husbands
C．Childless wives
D．Working fathers
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

题区出现在第二段。

问谁在家最幸福?综合两个惊人发现“It is men，notwomen，who report being happier at home than at work．”Another surprise is that thefindings hold true for both those with children and without，but more so fornonparents．，得出男人比女人快乐，没有孩子的比有孩子的幸福，结论是B。

23．The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact that______.
A．they are both bread winners and housewives
B．their home is also a place for kicking back
C．there is often much housework left behind
D．it is difficult for them to leave their office
正确答案：A
解析：指示题。

题区出现在第三段“And for women who work outside the home，theyoften are playing catch—up—with—household tasks．With the blurring of
roles，and thefact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments forworking women，…”角色模糊(the blurring of roles)，指上文提及的那些既在外工作，又要回家赶着做家务的女性。

A项提到她们不仅挣钱养家而且操持家务，和原文意思一致。

24．The word “moola”(Line 4, Para 4)most probably means______.
A．energy
B．skills
C．earnings
D．nutrition
正确答案：C
解析：猜词意题。

利用上下文，推测意思。

第四段中“working，making money，doing thetasks they have to do in order to draw an income．”人们干活是为了拿工资，由此推测此段落结束时提到的“moola”和“income”意思相仿，选C(earnings)收入。

25．The home front differs from the workplace in that______.
A．home is hardly a cozier working environment
B．division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
C．household tasks are generally more motivating
D．family labor is often adequately rewarded
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

第五段提到“On the home front，however，people have no such clarity．Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodicallylaid out．”利用转折词，家里的活不像工作那样，区分鲜明(指工作，拿钱)，且家务不能严格地、有系统地分工。

这和B项提到家务分工不清意思一致。

For years, studies have found that first-generation college students —those who do not have a parent with a college degree —lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close the achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science. But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based
on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59. 1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree. Their thesis that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’and take advantage of college resources,”they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.
26．Recruiting more first-generation students has______.
A．reduced their dropout rates
B．narrowed the achievement gap
C．missed its original purpose
D．depressed college students
正确答案：C
解析：引申题。

第一段“since such students are most likely to advance economically if theysucceed in higher education．colleges and universities have pushed for decades torecruit more of them．This has created‘a paradox’in that recruiting first—generationstudents，but then watching many of them fail，means that higher education hascontinued to reproduce and widen，rather than close achievement gap”。

“如果这样的学生接受高等教育，他们的经济状况极有可能得到改善，大学几十年力推多招第一代大学生。

但招收这批学生时，事与愿违，因为这批人中很多人的学业失败，高等教育继续复制或拉大差距，没有缩短差距，反而拉大了差距”。

请注意转折词“but”后接大学招生第一代大学生的结果，是和大学招生初衷相反，没有缩短距离，反而拉大距离，这和C项提到“missed the original purpose”(没有实现初衷)一致。

27．The authors of the research article are optimistic because______.
A．the problem is solvable
B．their approach is costless
C．the recruiting rate has increased
D．their finding appeal to students
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

第二段第一句“But the article is actually quite optimistic，as it outlines apotential solution to this problem，．．．”，此文作者乐观的原因在于这问题有解决的方案。

注意考核的细节还是出现在转折词后。

28．The study suggests that most first-generation students______.
A．study at private universities
B．are from single-parent families
C．are in need of financial support
D．have failed their college
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

第三段“Most of the first—generation students(59．1 percent)were recipients ofPell Grants，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，．．．”题目问大部分第一代大学生的特点是啥?他们多数人依赖联邦的经济补助。

这和C项一致。

29．The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students______.
A．are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
B．can have a potential influence on other students
C．may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
D．are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

第四段提到研究的立足点，研究者认为“first—generation students may bemost lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with theissues that face most college students．”(第一代大学生不缺学习潜能，最缺乏是应对大学生活中出现种种问题的实用知识)，这和D项一致。

30．We may infer from the last paragraph that______.
A．universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
B．students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
C．social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
D．colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
正确答案：D
解析：引申推断题。

最后一段提及“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledgehow social class can affect students’educational experience，many first —generationstudents lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’like them can improve．”由于美国大学很少认识到社会阶层会影响学生的教育体验，使得这批第一代大学生没看清他们学业挣扎的原因，也没有明白该如何改善现状的方法。

从此句推断大学对这问题担负一定责任。

Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has
gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, and passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented —and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports —in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning —and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,”said Khurana. This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars”of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still cannot have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,”you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed. But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it is nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that is fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work —and how your work defines who you are.
31．According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become______.
A．more emotional
B．more objective
C．less energetic
D．less strategic
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

第一段Nancy先提出观点“the lingua franca of corporate America hasgotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，”后举例。

题目问的是她的观点，办公室用语越发带感情色彩(emotional)，选A项。

32．The “team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to______.
A．historical incidents
B．gender difference
C．sports culture
D．athletic executives
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

第二段提到new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”一oriented—and not by coincidence．“Let’s not forget sports…”团队为主的企业用语出现并非偶尔，和运动关系密切相连。

33．Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______.
A．revive historical terms
B．promote company image
C．foster corporate cooperation
D．strengthen employee loyalty
正确答案：D
解析：猜词题。

这题表面上看是细节题，实际为猜测词义题。

如果不能猜出“allegiance”的词义，就不能做出正确选择。

第三段Khurana先提出观点，办公用语不仅赋予工作意义，而且增强人们对公司的忠诚度。

然后他列举术语和某些词汇在公司里使用情况。

34．It can be inferred that Lean In______.
A．voices for working women
B．appeals to passionate workaholics
C．triggers debates among mommies
D．praises motivated employees
正确答案：A
解析：引申题。

第四段“This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employeesmotivated amid increasingly loud debates over work—life balance．”在提及工作和生活的平衡，后文又提及“mommy war”，由此推断那本书名叫trade In 探究话题为在职母亲，选A项。

35．Which of the following statements is true about office speak?______.
A．Managers admire it but avoid it
B．Linguists believe it to be nonsense
C．Companies find it to be fundamental
D．Regular people mock it but accept it
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

最后一段内容“Everyone makes fun of it，but managers love it，companiesdepend on it，and regular people willingly absorb it．”A项前半句和“Everyone makesfun of it”一致，但后半句文章没有出处。

B项没提及。

C项和
“companies depend on it”内容一致。

选C。

Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6. 1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4. 4 percent)above its year ago level. Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level. We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week. The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance. However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36．Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?______.
A．The prospect of a thriving job market
B．The increase of voluntary part-time jobs
C．The possibility of full employment
D．The acceleration of job creation
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

第二段转折词出现线索However，there is another important part of thejobs picture that was largely overlooked．There was a big jump in the number of peoplewho report voluntarily working part—time．大家忽视了自愿干临时工人数增多的现象。

37．Many people work part-time because they______.
A．prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
B．feel that is enough to make ends meet
C．cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
D．haven’t seen the weakness of the market
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

第二段结束处提到人们做临时工的原因是不得已。

原文如下“They takepart—time work because this is all they can get．”
38．Involuntary part-time employment in the US______.
A．is harder to acquire than one year ago
B．shows a general tendency of decline
C．satisfies the real need of the jobless
D．is lower than before the recession
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

第三段“An increase in involuntary part—time in June，but the generaldirection has been down．”这和B项提到普遍下降的趋势一致。

同时从“Involuntarypart—time employment is still far higher than before the recession，but it is down by640，000(7．9 percent)from its year ago level．”非自愿临时工比经济不景气时期高，但比一年前降低了640，000(7．9％)。

由此排除D项和A项，C 项内容文中没提及。

选B项。

39．It can be learned that with Obamacare, ______.
A．it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
B．employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C．it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D．full-time employment is still essential for insurance
正确答案：B
解析：引申推断题。

最后一段“Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people toeither get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges．These are people who maypreviously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order tocover themselves and their families．”奥巴马医保计划又让一千二百万人通过医保获得保险，这些人原本想要通过找到全职工作才能为自己和家人获取保险。

有了奥巴马医保计划，不必通过就业获取保险了。

由此推断出B项提到的工作不再是获取保险的必要条件。

40．The text mainly discusses______.
A．employment in the US
B．part-timer classification
C．insurance through Medicaid
D．Obamacare’s trouble
正确答案：A
解析：中心题。

全文一直提到美国的就业，有自愿临时工和非自愿临时工。

虽然最后两段提到奥巴马医改对就业带来的影响，D项有很大干扰作用，但这话题仅在文章后几段提及，故不能以偏概全，选A项。

Part B (10 points)
A. You are not alone
B. Don’t fear responsibility for your life
C. Pave your own unique path
D. Most of your fears are unreal
E. Think about the present moment
F. Experience helps you grow
G. There are many things to be grateful for Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever. When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way. 【R1】______ Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said,”Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination. 【R2】______ If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilty over your past,but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.【R3】______ Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.【R4】______ No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.【R5】______ Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining。