语法 从属结构(一)
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★ 逻辑主语有上下文判定：
1）Covered with confusion, she hurriedly left the room.
b) –ed Participle Clause with subordinator
★ 这里所说的从属连词可以是when, though, although, as if / as though, if , even if, once, unless, until等，如： 1) This dictionary will look nice when printed. 2) Do not leave the building unless instructed.
精选2021版课件
12
1无动词分句的结构模式
无动词分句，就结构模式来说，分为不带从属连词， 带有从属连词和带有自己主语的三类。 不带从属连词的无动词分句 这类无动词分句可由形容词词组表示： Speechless, Victor Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat Big and fat ,she went to Mass every morning . Right or wrong ,I have given him a piece of mind. 还可由名词词组表示： An excellent speaker ,he was never at a loss for a word.
精选2021版课件
9
c) –ing Participle Clause with subject
★ -ed 分词本身也能带有自己的主语：
1) The job finished, we went home straightly.
★ 也可视为省略了being 或 having been,如：
2) My work done (= My work being done), I went bed.
2herwerehersides3herheelswereslightlyraised4everymuscleanticipatingaction无忧无忧pptppt整理发布整理发布独立结构常见于正式语体特别是文学体裁在口语中叫罕见用于文学体裁独立结构能使句子结构紧凑用此精炼描写生动形象具体是文学语言常用的修辞手法
4) I taught him speaking English.(作宾补) I taught him to speak English.
★ 意义略有不同时：
1) I hate telling a lie.(泛指一般人)
I hate to tell a lie.（特指主语 I ）
2) I noticed an old man crossing the road.(表动作正在进行，非全过程)
精选2021版课件
4
Part Two –ing Participle Clause
Ⅰ Structure of –ing Participle Clause（--ing 分词分句的结构模式）
a) –ing Participle Clause without subject and subordinator
精选2021版课件
11
32.4无动词分句
无动词分句实际上是一种省略结构。所谓” 无动词”是因为这种分句结构既没有限定 动词词组也没有非限定动词词组作谓语动 词。因此，它既不同于限定分句，也不同 于非限定分句。无动词分句基本上属于 SVC 句型，只是动词不表示出来，主语也 通常不表示出来。
无忧PPT整理发布
1) To accept the job would mean moving to Florida. (作主语)
2) 2) Bruno’s intention was to win the game. （作主补）
3) 3) He promised to stop taking drugs.
（作宾语）
精选2021版课件
8
Part Three –ed Participle Clause
Ⅰ Structure of –ed Participle Clause（-ed 分词分句的结构模式）
a) –ed Participle Clause without subject and subordinator
无忧PPT整理发布
精选2021版课件
14
c)带有自己主语的无动词分句
带有自己主语的无动词分句也是一种“独立结构”。这种无动 词分句通常由名词词组+名词词组/介词词组/形容词词组/副词词 组构成。例如： Two hundred people died in the accident ,many of them children. He looked up ,annoyance on his face. Miriam looked at Marry his eyes full of doubt and discomfort. Breakfast over, he went to his counting house.
c) Infinitive Clause with –wh
★ 间或带疑问词:
1) I don’t know what to do.
★ 间或带从属连词:
2) He opened his lips as if to say something.
精选2021版课件
3
Ⅱ Function of Infinitive Clause （不定式分句的句法功能）
1) One of the house wrecked by the storm belonged to my father. (后置修饰语)
★ -ed 分词作状语，如：
1) Heated, the metal expands. （作时间状语） 2) Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again. （作原因状语） 3) United, we stand; divided, we fall.（作条件状语） 4) Left to his own device, Charles did not relax his efforts. （作让步状语） 5) He went to Beijing that that winter, disguised as a merchant. （作伴随状语）
精选2021版课件
6
Ⅱ Function of –ing Participle Clause（-ing 分词分句的句法功能）
★ -ing 分词分句与不定式分句无意义区别时：
1) Flying a plane is dangerous. (作主语) To fly a plane is dangerous.
★ 从内在意义上看就是说话人自己：
3） To be frank , I think it meaningless.
精选2021版课件
2
b) Infinitive Clause with subject
★ 主语通常由for引出：
1) We’d be delighted for you to come next come. (很高兴“你下星期能来”)
I noticed an old man cross the r精o选a2d02.1（版课表件动作以完成，指全过程）
7
★ -ing 分词作状语时：
1) Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.(作时间状语) 2) Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by 8:00.（作原因状语） 3) You will make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. = if you keep on your feet （作条件状语） 4) Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage.（作让步状语） 5) It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area.（作结果状语） 6) He ran up to her, breathing heavily.（作伴随状语）
★ 间或由with, rather than引出：
2) Rather than you do the job, I’d prefer to finish it myself.
★ 独立结构：
3) We shall assemble at 10:45, the procession to start moving at precisely 11.
Lecture 32 Subordination Construction Ⅱ
(丛 属 结 构 Ⅱ )
1
Infinitive Clause (不定式分句)
2
–ing Participle Clause (-ing 分词分句 )
3
–ed版课件
无忧PPT整理发布
精选2021版课件
13
b) 带有从属连词的无动词分句
这类无动词分句又有四种形式，看、即从属连词+名词词组： When still a boy of six ,Bob was sent away from home. 从属连词+形容词词组： Although always helpful ,he was not much liked by people. 从属连词+介词词组： When in Rome ,do as the Romans do. 从属连词+副词词组： He spoke ungraciously, if not rudely.
★ 带有自己的主语，即独立结构，有时可由 with 引出, 如 :
3) With the tree grown tall, we got more shade.
精选2021版课件
10
Ⅱ Function of –ed Participle Clause（-ed 分词分句的句法功能）
★ -ed 分词作后置修饰语，如：
2) I like getting up early. (作宾语) I like to get up early.
3) Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.(作主补) Our duty is to serving the people heart and soul
★ 带从属连词时，分词的逻辑主语通常是主句的主语:
1) When sleeping, I never bear a thing.
精选2021版课件
5
c) –ing Participle Clause with subject
★ -ing 分词分句也能带自己的主语，如：
1) My parents object to me / my going out alone. (作宾语时) 2) I’m annoyed about john / john’s forgetting to pay.（作介词不足成分） 3) It’s no use your pretending to be deaf.（作主语时） 4) The report having been read, a lively discussion began.（为独立结构时）
1
Part One Infinitive Clause
Ⅰ Structure of Infinitive Clause (不定式分句的结构模式)
a) Infinitive Clause Without Subject
★ 不定式的逻辑主语是隐含的：
1) I hope to able to come. (指“我 能 来”) 2) The best thing would be to tell everybody.（谁去告诉？需按上下文或情景判断）
★ 在特定的上下文或情景中判断:
1) One of my bad habits is biting nails
★ 成为固定用语，其逻辑主语有时是说话人，有时泛指人们:
2) Judging from what you say, he has done his best.
b) –ing Participle Clause with subordinator
4) 4) I advised him to take a taxi, or he might be late. （作宾补）
5) She stood up to be seen better. (表目的) 6) = She stood up so that she could be seen better. 2) He got to station only to be told that the train had left. (表结果) 3) He was lucky to have found the lost child. （表原因）
1）Covered with confusion, she hurriedly left the room.
b) –ed Participle Clause with subordinator
★ 这里所说的从属连词可以是when, though, although, as if / as though, if , even if, once, unless, until等，如： 1) This dictionary will look nice when printed. 2) Do not leave the building unless instructed.
精选2021版课件
12
1无动词分句的结构模式
无动词分句，就结构模式来说，分为不带从属连词， 带有从属连词和带有自己主语的三类。 不带从属连词的无动词分句 这类无动词分句可由形容词词组表示： Speechless, Victor Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat Big and fat ,she went to Mass every morning . Right or wrong ,I have given him a piece of mind. 还可由名词词组表示： An excellent speaker ,he was never at a loss for a word.
精选2021版课件
9
c) –ing Participle Clause with subject
★ -ed 分词本身也能带有自己的主语：
1) The job finished, we went home straightly.
★ 也可视为省略了being 或 having been,如：
2) My work done (= My work being done), I went bed.
2herwerehersides3herheelswereslightlyraised4everymuscleanticipatingaction无忧无忧pptppt整理发布整理发布独立结构常见于正式语体特别是文学体裁在口语中叫罕见用于文学体裁独立结构能使句子结构紧凑用此精炼描写生动形象具体是文学语言常用的修辞手法
4) I taught him speaking English.(作宾补) I taught him to speak English.
★ 意义略有不同时：
1) I hate telling a lie.(泛指一般人)
I hate to tell a lie.（特指主语 I ）
2) I noticed an old man crossing the road.(表动作正在进行，非全过程)
精选2021版课件
4
Part Two –ing Participle Clause
Ⅰ Structure of –ing Participle Clause（--ing 分词分句的结构模式）
a) –ing Participle Clause without subject and subordinator
精选2021版课件
11
32.4无动词分句
无动词分句实际上是一种省略结构。所谓” 无动词”是因为这种分句结构既没有限定 动词词组也没有非限定动词词组作谓语动 词。因此，它既不同于限定分句，也不同 于非限定分句。无动词分句基本上属于 SVC 句型，只是动词不表示出来，主语也 通常不表示出来。
无忧PPT整理发布
1) To accept the job would mean moving to Florida. (作主语)
2) 2) Bruno’s intention was to win the game. （作主补）
3) 3) He promised to stop taking drugs.
（作宾语）
精选2021版课件
8
Part Three –ed Participle Clause
Ⅰ Structure of –ed Participle Clause（-ed 分词分句的结构模式）
a) –ed Participle Clause without subject and subordinator
无忧PPT整理发布
精选2021版课件
14
c)带有自己主语的无动词分句
带有自己主语的无动词分句也是一种“独立结构”。这种无动 词分句通常由名词词组+名词词组/介词词组/形容词词组/副词词 组构成。例如： Two hundred people died in the accident ,many of them children. He looked up ,annoyance on his face. Miriam looked at Marry his eyes full of doubt and discomfort. Breakfast over, he went to his counting house.
c) Infinitive Clause with –wh
★ 间或带疑问词:
1) I don’t know what to do.
★ 间或带从属连词:
2) He opened his lips as if to say something.
精选2021版课件
3
Ⅱ Function of Infinitive Clause （不定式分句的句法功能）
1) One of the house wrecked by the storm belonged to my father. (后置修饰语)
★ -ed 分词作状语，如：
1) Heated, the metal expands. （作时间状语） 2) Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again. （作原因状语） 3) United, we stand; divided, we fall.（作条件状语） 4) Left to his own device, Charles did not relax his efforts. （作让步状语） 5) He went to Beijing that that winter, disguised as a merchant. （作伴随状语）
精选2021版课件
6
Ⅱ Function of –ing Participle Clause（-ing 分词分句的句法功能）
★ -ing 分词分句与不定式分句无意义区别时：
1) Flying a plane is dangerous. (作主语) To fly a plane is dangerous.
★ 从内在意义上看就是说话人自己：
3） To be frank , I think it meaningless.
精选2021版课件
2
b) Infinitive Clause with subject
★ 主语通常由for引出：
1) We’d be delighted for you to come next come. (很高兴“你下星期能来”)
I noticed an old man cross the r精o选a2d02.1（版课表件动作以完成，指全过程）
7
★ -ing 分词作状语时：
1) Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.(作时间状语) 2) Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by 8:00.（作原因状语） 3) You will make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. = if you keep on your feet （作条件状语） 4) Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage.（作让步状语） 5) It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area.（作结果状语） 6) He ran up to her, breathing heavily.（作伴随状语）
★ 间或由with, rather than引出：
2) Rather than you do the job, I’d prefer to finish it myself.
★ 独立结构：
3) We shall assemble at 10:45, the procession to start moving at precisely 11.
Lecture 32 Subordination Construction Ⅱ
(丛 属 结 构 Ⅱ )
1
Infinitive Clause (不定式分句)
2
–ing Participle Clause (-ing 分词分句 )
3
–ed版课件
无忧PPT整理发布
精选2021版课件
13
b) 带有从属连词的无动词分句
这类无动词分句又有四种形式，看、即从属连词+名词词组： When still a boy of six ,Bob was sent away from home. 从属连词+形容词词组： Although always helpful ,he was not much liked by people. 从属连词+介词词组： When in Rome ,do as the Romans do. 从属连词+副词词组： He spoke ungraciously, if not rudely.
★ 带有自己的主语，即独立结构，有时可由 with 引出, 如 :
3) With the tree grown tall, we got more shade.
精选2021版课件
10
Ⅱ Function of –ed Participle Clause（-ed 分词分句的句法功能）
★ -ed 分词作后置修饰语，如：
2) I like getting up early. (作宾语) I like to get up early.
3) Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.(作主补) Our duty is to serving the people heart and soul
★ 带从属连词时，分词的逻辑主语通常是主句的主语:
1) When sleeping, I never bear a thing.
精选2021版课件
5
c) –ing Participle Clause with subject
★ -ing 分词分句也能带自己的主语，如：
1) My parents object to me / my going out alone. (作宾语时) 2) I’m annoyed about john / john’s forgetting to pay.（作介词不足成分） 3) It’s no use your pretending to be deaf.（作主语时） 4) The report having been read, a lively discussion began.（为独立结构时）
1
Part One Infinitive Clause
Ⅰ Structure of Infinitive Clause (不定式分句的结构模式)
a) Infinitive Clause Without Subject
★ 不定式的逻辑主语是隐含的：
1) I hope to able to come. (指“我 能 来”) 2) The best thing would be to tell everybody.（谁去告诉？需按上下文或情景判断）
★ 在特定的上下文或情景中判断:
1) One of my bad habits is biting nails
★ 成为固定用语，其逻辑主语有时是说话人，有时泛指人们:
2) Judging from what you say, he has done his best.
b) –ing Participle Clause with subordinator
4) 4) I advised him to take a taxi, or he might be late. （作宾补）
5) She stood up to be seen better. (表目的) 6) = She stood up so that she could be seen better. 2) He got to station only to be told that the train had left. (表结果) 3) He was lucky to have found the lost child. （表原因）