选修课----句子成分分析(菜鸟也能懂的)
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• 词的修饰规则 • 形容词修饰名词做定语或者 用在系动词后做表语 • 副词修饰动词/形容词/副词做 状语
句子成分
定义 :构成句子的各个部分叫做句 子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次 要成分;
主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状 语、补足语、同位语
• 句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语 、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表 语七种
表语宾语定语状语补足语同位语语补足语同位语句子的组成部分句子的组成部分包括主语谓语包括主语谓语宾语定语补语状语表宾语定语补语状语表语七种语七种主语主语是句子叙述的主体可由是句子叙述的主体可由名词代词数词名词化的形名词代词数词名词化的形容词不定式动名词和主语从容词不定式动名词和主语从句等来承担
句子成分
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• • • • • • •
He is a clever boy. (形容词) This is a bike factory (名词) There are 54students in our class. (数词) Do you known betty’s sister?(名词的所有格) He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
动词不定式修饰way
The girl singing in the next room is Linda
现在分词修饰 girl This is the funniest news
found in the Internet. 过去分词 found 修饰news 小结: 介词短语,不定式,过去分词短语,现在 分词短语都可以放在名词后做后置定语。
• 主语是句子叙述的主体,可由 名词、代词、数词、名词化的形 容词、不定式、动名词和主语从 句等来承担。 •
㈠主语(subject)
句子说明的人或事物
• • • • • •
Jane is good at playing the piano. (名词) She went out in a hurry. (代词) Four plus four is eight. (数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health. (动名词) The young should respect the old.
5. That remains a puzzle.
6. I don’t feel at ease.
1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) 2. Is it yours? (代词) 3. The weather has turned cold(形容词) . 4.The speech is exciting. (分词) 5.Three times seven is twenty one? (数词) 6.His job is to teach English. (不定式) 7.His hobby(爱好)is playing football. (动名词) 8.The machine must be out of order. (介词短语) 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. (表语从句)
绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起 的作用是一样的。
副词 说人行走得快慢,讲话清楚,在英 语里就要用quickly(快地), slowly(慢地),clearly(清楚地 )这些副词往往来修饰动词。 此外,程度副词也可以修饰形容词 。副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的
• 形容词: 对事物或人物进行描述或修饰。 1). 通常位于be动词或系动词 feel, look , seem等之后。 2). 用来修饰名词或代词。
(六)状语
状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、让步,方式和伴随状 况等。 • I will be back in a while. 时间状语
• They are playing on the playground. 地点状语 • He was late because he got up late. 原因状语 • He got up so late that I missed the train. 结果状语
• 介词
同名词“关系”最好,是“铁 ” 哥们,所以往往你见到介词的 地方你就会见到名词,而且还有一 个词类往往和他们两个往往在一 起,那就是冠词,他们三个形成 一个“小集团”。 in the room ; on the desk ……..
• 连词,
如果我们想把单词与单词、短语与短语、 句子与句子连接起来就要用连词。连词不 能单独作句子成分,只能和其他词类一起 作句子成分。 常见的连词有:and、but、 or 、 both .. and 、neither..nor 、 not only ..but also 、when 、 where 、 before、 after 、 if 等等
• 名词
“名”就是名称--人或事物的名称. 具体的人或物体的名称:人名-Mike, Li Ming; 地名—America ,China 动物名--pig, dog; 植物名--tree, wheat. 抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意 ),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识 ).
代词, 何谓“代” ?即是替代的意思,主 要是来替代名词,所以说名词和代 词关系是很近的,或者说代词的实 质就是名词,正是这种血液关系,
• 宾语分为直接宾语和some books.
↓ 间接 宾语 ↓ 直接 宾语
●please pass me the book.
●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
(四)表语: 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态, 它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数 词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、及表语从 句表示。
(四)表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词) 2. We often speak English in class. (代词) 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) 5. Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) 6.The rich should help the poor. (名词化的形容词) 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语,真正的主 语为后面的不定式)
• 谓语 说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特 征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 • I saw him playing basketball in the playground. • He looked after two babies. • 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English well. • She doesn’t seem to like dancing
(名词化形容词) 5.He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) (动名词短语) 6.I enjoy listening to popular music .
7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.
(宾语从句)
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者
(名词化的形容词)
• What he has said is true. (句子)
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east. (名词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词) Seeing is believing.(动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) He likes dancing. (代词) What he needs is a book. (句子) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
宾语 是动作的对象或承受者,
常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词 化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾 语从句等来担任。
(三)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,
一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1.They saw an exhibition yesterday.(名词) 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming (代词) to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. (数词) 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而 由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置
找出加下划线单词的定语并翻译句子: The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
Show your passport, please. (名词 ) She didn't say anything. ( 代词) How many do you want? - I want (数词) two. (名词化的 They sent the injured to hospital.形容词) They asked to see my passport.(不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)
冠词, 英语中只有三个词: a\an (不定冠词) the (定冠词), 简单来说,不定冠词表示泛指,定 冠词表示特指,冠词与名词关系紧 密,一般是放在名词之前。
数词, 跟数字有关的词就是数词,英语 中的数词有两种,基数词和序数 词。基数词,比如:one two 、 three 、 four、 five 、 six 、 seven 等等 ,序数词, 比如:first 、second、third 、 fourth 、fifth 等等。
China is country with a long history.
China is country with a long history.
介词短语 修饰country
The woman with a baby in her arms
is his wife.
This is the best way to relax. This is the best way to relax.