高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题01 名词和冠词(含解析)

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专题01 名词和冠词
近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少,多与冠词一起进行考查,但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点,且考查范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是:在不同语言环境中去识别词义,进行词义辨析,是高考考查的重点。

因此,考生不仅要弄清词义,而且也要把握好语言环境,在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。

建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。

主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上,在具体语境下的冠词的运用,主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别,名词前不用冠词的情况,特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

热点题型一名词的数
例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.
A. the; the
B. an; the
C. an; 不填
D. the; 不填
【答案】B
【提分秘籍】
名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1.可数名词的复数
(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s;词尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在词尾加­es
desk→desks;dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs
(2)以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词,要变y为i再加­es
study→studies
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为­ves
leaf→leaves
(4)以字母o结尾的名词,多数加­s
piano→pianos
(5)单、复数同形
sheep;deer
(6)单、复数都要加s的名词
works(工厂);means(方法)
有一些例外情况:
(1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词:黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。

(即Negro,hero,tomato 和potato四个词)
(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s:海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。

2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,如果需要表示量,通常要用“a+表量的概念的名词+of+名词”来表示,其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式
a piece of paper一张纸;several pieces of information几条信息。

通常情况下,抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词,如comfort,luck,rain,energy 等。

3.一些不可数名词也有复数形式,但词义不同
4.抽象名词、物质名词具体化
(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时,它是一种概念,是不可数名词,但当它们被
赋予了具体的含义后,可看作可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。

如:
beauty(美,美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
worry(担心)→a worry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)
pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)
surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时,是不可数名词,但一旦表示具体物品,就变成了可数名词。

如:
coffee(咖啡)→a coffee(一杯咖啡)
sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)
iron(铁)→an iron(一个熨斗)
water(水)→a water(一片水域)
抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。

如:comfort(安慰)→comforts(舒适的设施);joy(乐趣)→joys(乐事);difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难,难做的事)。

还有的用在某些固定短语中,如:have a look(看一下);a few,a little(一些);all of a sudden(突然);make a study of…(对……进行研究);in a hurry(匆忙)等。

5.有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时,便转化为不可数名词
a room(房间)→room(空间);a word(话,词)→word(消息);a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空间);go to school/church/bed/ college,etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)。

6.有些词只用作不可数名词
Fun, advice, news, information, furniture,equipment,baggage/luggage,bread, homework,housework,juice,weather,progress,practice等。

7.常见复合名词的复数
looker­on→lookers­on旁观者;passer­by→passers­by过路人;
father­in­law→fathers­in­law岳父;comrade­in­arms→ comrades­in­arms战友;go­between→go­betweens中间人;grown­up→grown­ups成年人;store­keeper→store­keepers店主;tooth­brush→tooth­brushes牙刷。

8.英语中集合名词的”数”有三种情况
(1)“形单义复”的名词:这类集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

如:cattle牛;police警察;people人们(作民族、种族讲时复数为peoples);youth青年人(youths指青年们)。

(2)“形单义单”的名词:这类集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

如:baggage/luggage行李;clothing衣服;furniture家具;machinery机械;man/mankind 人类。

(3)有些集合名词作整体看时,当单数用,谓语动词用单数;作其“成员”解时,当复数用,且形式不变,谓语动词用复数。

如:family家;government政府;group组;team 队;class班级;audience听众。

【举一反三】
She studied________medicine before she became________writer.
A. the; the
B. the;a
C. /; a
D. /; the
【解析】medicine是抽象名词,表示“医学”,前面不加冠词;writer 是可数名词单数,表泛指,因此前面加不定冠词a。

【答案】C
题型二名词作定语
例2. She likes to eat ________ and she has a nice ________ garden in front of her house.
A. vegetables; vegetables
B. vegetable; vegetable
C. vegetables; vegetable
D. vegetable; vegetables
【答案】C
【提分秘籍】名词作定语时的问题
1.名词作定语时,几乎总是用单数形式(即使在意义上是复数)。

如:radio programs 电台节目。

2.man/woman作定语修饰名词时,随名词的单复数变化一起变化。

如:a man doctor 一名男大夫;two men doctors两名男大夫。

但girl与boy作定语仍用单数形式,如many boy students许多男学生。

3.还有少数名词作定语时,形式不变。

如:a clothes shop一个服装店;a sports man 一位运动员;a customs officer一位海关官员;a goods train一列货车;a sales manager 一个营销经理;a savings office一个储蓄所。

热点题型三名词的所有格
例3、—Pardon? Who will come?
—________.
A. The friend of Mr. Green’s
B. A friend of a teacher’s
C. The aunt of Tom’s
D. A cousin of my father’s
【解析】双重所有格中,带有’s的名词必须是明确限定的指人的名词,同时of前面的名词必须不确指,故D项正确。

【答案】D
【提分秘籍】英语名词的所有格构成如下:
所修饰的名词为“诊所、住宅或其他处所”时,被修饰的名词常省略。

如:at the doctor’s(clinic)在诊所;to my uncle’s (house)到我叔叔家;in the manager’s(office)在经理办公室;at the barber’s/tailor’s(shop)在理发店/裁缝铺。

另外,表示并列的名词“共有某物”时,只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”;如果表示“各自所有”,则在每个名词后加’s。

如:
Lucy and Mar y’s desk露西和玛丽共用的课桌;Lucy’s and Mary’s desks露西和玛丽各自的课桌。

热点题型四名词辨析
例4、Teachers have to constantly up- date their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.
A. consequence
B. independence
C. competence
D. intelligence
【解析】句意:老师们必须不断地更新他们的知识以保持专业技能。

consequence“结果,后果”;independence“独立,自主”;competence“能力,技能”;intelligence“智力,智慧”。

【答案】C
【提分秘籍】
在新的教学理念下,我们强调语言的运用(在运用中学习、在运用中掌握、在运用中提高),因此名词在具体语境下的运用、辨析便成为我们复习考试的重点。

我们平时在阅读中必须认真体会,在运用中领悟词义,体会它们在不同语境下的细微区别。

对名词辨析的考查主要是词义辨析、同义词和近义词语义的细微区别以及在固定搭配中的用法辨析。

【举一反三】
One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living________.
A. bills
B. expenses
C. prices
D. charges
【答案】B
热点题型五不定冠词的用法
例5、My friend Mary is___ _____beautiful girl, ________girl everyone likes to work with.
A. a; a
B. a; the
C. the; a
D. the; the
【解析】考查冠词。

第一空泛指“一个漂亮的女孩儿”,故用a; 句中第二次提到girl 时并不是特指,a gril在这里充当同位语。

【答案】A
【提分秘籍】
1.指人或事物的某一类,这是不定冠词的基本用法
A car rans faster than a truck.
小汽车比卡车跑得快。

2.表示数量“一个”,但一般不能与one互换
Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是一天建起来的。

3.指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物
A Mr. Li is waiting for you outside.
一位李先生在外面等你。

(不知道那位李先生是谁)
4.用于表示次数、速度、价格等意义的名词前,表示“每一”
①He goes home to see his parents once a month.
他每月回家一次去看父母。

②He can earn five yuan an hour in the shop.
他在这家商店每小时挣五元钱。

5.表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时,用不定冠词
①I only want a small supper because of cold.
由于感冒晚饭我只想吃一点东西。

②People usually have quite a good dinner on festivals.
人们在过节时通常会吃一顿丰盛的大餐。

6.有时在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再次”“又一个”
①She invited him to come to the party a second time.
她再次邀请他来参加聚会。

②Then a third boy came to join us.
接着又一个孩子加入到我们的行列。

7.有些物质名词以及抽象名词具体化时,可用不定冠词
a paper一份报纸;a tea一杯茶;a beauty一个美人;a surprise一件意想不到的事;
a pity一件遗憾的事;an honour一个(件)光荣的人(事)
8.不定冠词还可以用于“a most+adj.+n.”结构,注意在句中没有表示可比较的范围状语,这时“most”相当于“very”
Xiamen is a most be autiful coastal city and I’ll come for a second time.
厦门是个非常美丽的海滨城市,我还要再来一次。

9.不定冠词还可以用于“a+比较级+名词”结构,与否定词连用时,表示“从来没有比这更……”,具有最高级含义
I have never spent a more worrying day.
我从未度过这样烦人的一天。

10.用于短语搭配中
(1)“have/take+a(n)+与动词同形的名词”,表示动作的一次。

have/take a rest休息一会儿;have/take a look看一下;have/take a bath洗个澡。

(2)“go out for a(n)+名词”,表示从事某项活动。

go out for an outing去郊游;go out for a picnic去野餐。

(3)习惯搭配中。

come to an end结束;drop sb. a line给某人写信;at a disadvantage处于不利地位;in a way从一方面说;in a word总之;in a sense就某种意义来说;on a diet吃特定食物;with a view to为了,鉴于。

【举一反三】
(2015·高考浙江卷,T2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in ________
way.
A.a;不填B.the;the
C.不填;the D.a;the
答案:D
热点题型六定冠词的用法
例6、Daegu on Mon day night sees ________first Championship clash of hurdling’s current big three—Robles, Liu Xiang and________2011’s fastest man David Oliver of USA.
A. the; a
B. a; a
C. /;the
D. the;/
【解析】句意:周一晚,当前世界三大距栏巨匠——罗伯斯、刘翔以及享有美国本年度第一飞人称号的大卫·奥利弗首次同台竞技,在大邱上演了一场异常激烈的冠军争霸赛。

第一空是序数词the first 修饰championship, 第二空的fastest man前面被2011修饰,故其前不再用冠词。

【答案】D
【提分秘籍】
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,这是定冠词的基本用法
①The books on the desk were published last month.
桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。

②The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly li ne.
我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。

③We were all lost in the beauty of nature.
我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。

2.再次提到前面已出现的人或事物,表示特指
①I met a friend in the street;he said he had been seriously ill.
我在街上遇见了一位朋友,他说他生过一场大病。

②He told us a story,but I was not interested in the story.
他给我们讲了一个故事,但我对这个故事不感兴趣。

3.指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或事物
We went to the station to see the manager off.
我们到车站为经理送行。

4.用在某些可数名词单数前,用来指事物的整体(总称)与其他事物的区别
①The telephone was invented by Bell.
电话是贝尔发明的。

②The elephant is much stronger than the horse.
象比马强壮得多。

5.用在表示某国人的名词前
the Chinese中国人;the French法国人;the English英国人;the Spanish西班牙人;the Dutch荷兰人;the Irish爱尔兰人;the Swiss瑞士人;the Japanese日本人。

6.某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)
the homeless无家可归的人;the rich富人;the poor穷人;the blind盲人;the old 老年人;the young年轻人;the strong强者;the weak弱者;the sick病人;the wounded 伤者。

7.在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再次”“又一”) She lives on the twelfth floor.她住在十二楼。

8.在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的),very(正是那个),same(同样的)等前加定冠词the
①This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。

②He must be the only student who has ever be en to the city in our class.
他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的同学。

③That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。

9.在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the
the earth地球;the moon月亮;the sun太阳;the sky天空;the universe宇宙;the world世界;the air空中;the ground地面。

10.用于时间、重量等单位名词之前,表示每一个单位
①Th e boat is hired by the hour.
小船按小时出租。

②There are two or three apples to the pound.
每磅有两三个苹果。

11.在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词the
in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方;on the right/left在右/左边。

12.在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前,要用定冠词the the Yellow River黄河;the Rhine莱茵河;the Pacific太平洋;the Red Sea红海;the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉;the British Isles不列颠群岛;the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡;the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。

13.用在逢“十”的数词前,指世纪的某个年代
in the 1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。

14.乐器名称前用定冠词the
She plays the piano best in her class.
她钢琴在班上弹得最好。

15.在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“……一家”
the Browns布朗一家;the Lis姓李的一家。

16.在“动词+sb.+介词+the+表身体部位的名词”的固定结构中
hit sb. in the face打某人的脸;take sb. by the arm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手;pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩;hit sb. on the head打某人的头。

本结构中不能用物主代词替代定冠词,常用于该结构的动词有pat,strike,beat,hit,catch,put,take等。

17.在短语搭配中
in the end最后;come to the point谈到正题;on the contrary相反;in the morning 在早晨;in the distance在远处;in the water在水中;on the subject of关于……的主题;on the air在广播。

【举一反三】
I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing
a mask.
A.the;/
B.a;/
C.the;a
D.a;the
答案:C
热点题型七不用冠词的情况
例7、 Students should be encouraged to use________ Internet as ________ resource.
A. 不填; a
B. 不填; the
C. the; the
D. the; a
【解析】Internet是专有名词,其前加定冠词;表示类别,用不定冠词a。

【答案】D
【提分秘籍】
1.可数名词复数表示泛指时,以及抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不用冠词
①Computers are very useful.
电脑是非常有用的。

②Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。

③Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。

2.三餐、球类运动、娱乐名称、节日、星期、月份和日期前一般不用冠词,表季节的名词前用不用the意思没有区别
①play football/basketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮球/打排球;play chess/cards 下棋/打牌;New Year’s Day元旦(“the Spring Festival春节”例外)。

②He had nothing for breakfast this morning.
他今天早上没有吃早饭。

③Spring comes after winter.冬去春来。

有时在星期、月份和日期前加不定冠词,表示一种泛指。

如:on a Monday在一个礼拜一;a very wet April一个雨水很多的四月。

3.在学科、语言、称呼语、大部分疾病名称或表头衔的名词(作表语、同位语、补足语)前,不用冠词
①I think physics is more interesting than maths.
我认为物理比数学有趣。

②What’s the matter,Granny?
奶奶,出什么事了吗?
③Cancer is a terrible disease.
癌症是一种可怕的疾病。

【特别提醒】
(1)表语言的名词后如有language或特指时要用the。

如:
the Chinese language;the English language。

(2)下面的表疾病的名词前可有冠词:flu;smallpox;cold;fever;headache;cough 等。

4.在turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的名词前,不用冠词
He has turned doctor.
他已是名医生了。

5.在as,though引导的倒装分句中,名词前不用冠词
Child as/though Tom is,you can’t fool him.
虽然汤姆是个孩子,但你不能欺骗他。

6.在专有名词(洲名、人名、城市名、街道名、港口名、航空站名、火车站名、公园名、机关名及院校名)之前,一般不用冠词
Asia亚洲;Mary玛丽;Shanghai上海;Wall Street华尔街;Pearl Harbor珍珠港;Beihai Park北海公园;Beijing University北京大学。

7.在一些固定短语中,名词前不用冠词
at night在夜里;at home在家;day after day日复一日;by telephone打电话;in danger在危险中;on purpose故意地。

【举一反三】
France is a main destination for U.S.travelers,________second only to the United Kingdom,
according to________Commerce Department report.
A.不填;a B.不填;the
C.a;a D.the;the
解析:考查冠词。

句意:根据商务部的报告,法国是美国人度假的目的地,其次是英国。

second to 表示仅次于,固定短语,第二空表示泛指,故选A项。

答案:A
【2016·江苏】24. —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe
B. record
C. range
D. receipt
【答案】A
【考点】考查名词辨析
【2016·天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect
B. sense
C. change
D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】句意:天气预报说今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。

A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;
D.机会,可能性。

故选D。

【考点】考查名词辨析。

【2016·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition
B. income
C. credit
D. status
【答案】C
【解析】句意:准时付电费很重要,因为付晚了会影响你的信用。

Condition条件;income 收入;credit学分,信用(卡)。

根据句意故选C。

【考点】考查名词辨析。

【2016·浙江】2.______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填
B. A ; 不填
C. A ; the
D. The ; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。

第一空填the,是特指“获胜者的奖品”,用定冠词,第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”,用不定冠词a。

故选A。

【考点】考查冠词。

【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion
B. talent
C. identity
D. treasure
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他执行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。

A项“情绪”;B项“才能”;C项“身份”;D项“财富”。

故选C项。

【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought
B. support
C. protection
D. authority
【答案】A
【解析】句意:现在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。

A思考;B支持;C保护;D权威,当局。

这里指让对方再好好想想,故选A。

【2015·江苏】35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests
B. excuses
C. apologies
D. regrets
【答案】C
【解析】句意:—Dave,去跟你的妈妈道歉。

—我想这样做,但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。

A项“请求”;B项“借口”;C项“道歉”;D项“遗憾,后悔”。

故选C项。

【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the
national soccer reform.
A. judgments
B. adjustments
C. comments
D. achievements
【答案】B
【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow
B. issue
C. excuse
D. Factor
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。


句意思为:这个失败对他来说是一个打击,但是他没有泄气,很快振作恢复了原来的热情。

故选A
【2015·浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk
about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production
B. stress
C. energy
D. passive
【答案】B
【解析】句意:一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。

A.
production意为产品, B. stress意为压力, C. energy意为能源, D. passive意为力
量。

此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析,需要正确理解该句的语义。

根据常识可以知道,和
别人谈心应该来说是减压。

所以答案是B. stress意为压力。

【2015·四川】5.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D.不填
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查不定冠词在人名前,表示:一个像…那样的人。

故选择A,句意为:
Brian在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。

【2015·浙江】2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s
book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.xk+w
A. a;不填
B. the;the
C. 不填;the
D. a;the
【答案】D
【解析】句意:多年来,简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。

第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指,第二个in the way 是固定搭配,意为挡道或阻碍。

定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠词用于泛指。

选D。

(2014江西卷)22. They chose Tom to be ___captain of the team because they knew he was __smart leader.
A. a; the
B. the; the
C. the; a
D. a; a
【答案】C
(2014天津卷)8. Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A. an; the
B. the; a
C. the ;/
D. / ; a
【答案】A
【解析】本题第一空使用不定冠词an修饰ocean泛指一个海洋。

第二空后的strong-will是一个形容词,在形容词前面加上定冠词the表示“一类人”或者“一类事物”。

The strong-willed指意志坚定的人。

句义:生活就像是一个海洋,只有意志坚定的人才可以到达彼岸。

故A正确。

(2014浙江卷)2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into______night.
A. a; the
B. the; 不填
C. a; a
D. 不填;the
【答案】A
【解析】本句第一空中的a相当于per;per week每一个星期。

第二空使用定冠词the,表示特指long into the night直到深夜。

句意:这份论文应该下个月上交,我一个星期要工作七天,而且总是要熬到深夜。

故A正确。

1.(2014湖北卷)2
2. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned red at the unexpect ed ______.
A. command
B. comparison
C. compliment
D. contribution
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察名词词义辨析。

A命令,指挥;B比较;C恭维,赞美,敬意;贺词;D贡献,捐助,捐赠;敬意:当Richard说:现在的你更令人愉快更漂亮。

由于这个没有预料到恭维的Joan的脸变红了。

根据引号里的“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”可知这是Rechard对Joan的赞美。

根据句意说明C正确。

2.(2014江苏卷)27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained
a powerful in last
year's election.
A. symbol
B. portrait
C. identity
D. statue
【答案】A
【解析】本题考察的是名词的词义辨析。

A象征;标志;符号;记号;代表人物;B肖像;identity身份;statue雕像,塑像;句意:虽然两年前就已遭软禁,她在去年的选举中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。

故A正确。

3.(2014天津卷)3.Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source
B. sense
C. result
D. root
【答案】A
4.(2014浙江卷)6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.
A. attempts
B. requests
C. doubts
D. promises
【答案】B
【解析】名词attempt尝试;企图;request请求;doubt怀疑;promise诺言;我们更喜欢同意那些我们了解和喜欢的人的请求。

根据句意说明B项request与上下文语境相符。

故B正确。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Without the proper treatment,minor (injury)or burns could lead to
more suffering and even loss of lives.
2.They were the kind that I did not have in my (collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag.
3. Three months later,Zejd was able to communicate happily with all his classmates about regular things like homework and (game).
4.For sustainable development,the government has decided to give (prefer)to those energy­conserving and environment­friendly businesses in many aspects.
5.As he approached the bridge,the sound got louder and then he saw pitiful sight.
6.Recently when he took look at his collection of books,he discovered
the old book borrowed 61 years ago.
7.But a parent of another child came up with even better idea-getting
the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd.
8.Most seriously,relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us same advantage as making new friends in the real world.
9.For your generation to live in better world,there is so much more our generation can do.
10.(2017·漳州质检)Zhangzhou City has gained a good (repute)for having successfully hosted the Flower Expo.
【答案】
5.a [句意:他快到那座桥时,声音变得更大了。

然后他看到了一幕凄惨的景象。


空处后的名词sight作“景象,情景”讲时,为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故与不定冠词
连用。

]
6.a [句意:最近,当他查看他的藏书时,他发现了那本61年前借的旧书。

“take a
look(at...)”为固定短语,意为“看一看”。

]
7.an [句意:但是,另外一位孩子的家长想出了一个甚至更好的主意——让全班的学生和Zejd一起学习手语。

设空处后的idea为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故设空处用不定冠词;设空处后的even以元音音素开头,故答案为an。

]
8.the [句意:最严重的是,依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世界交友同样的益处。

the same...as...意为“与和……一样的……”。

]
9.a [句意:为了让你们这一代生活在更好的世界里,我们这一代有很多事情可以做。

“a+比较级+名词”意为“更……的……”。

]
10.reputation [句意:漳州市因成功举办了花卉博览会而赢得美誉。

由空前的冠词a及形容词good,可断定此处应用名词单数形式。

repute为不可数名词,故填reputation。

gain a good reputation获得好名声。

]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Often she buys some toy for him to play with,especially on his birthday.
2. During the next few days,we visited the world­famous sight,such as the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,and the Forbidden City,which contain a large number of precious treasures.
3.In the Spring Festival,my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday.
4.I was walking to school this morning when I caught a sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.
5.(2017·温州联考)One Monday afternoon,we were playing the basketball in the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over.
【答案】
4.去掉sight前的a [句意:今天上午我正在步行去上学,这时我看到了一位手拿拐
杖的老妇人躺在地上。

catch sight of为固定短语,意为“看见”。

故将sight前的a去掉。

]
5.去掉basketball前的the [球类运动的名词需与零冠词连用,故将basketball前
的the去掉。

]
Ⅲ.语法填空
I'm 26.I'm clear that I'm never going to catch up with Mother Teresa.But I want 1 (do) something to help people every single day like 2 (she).
Everybody thinks we just serve food and soda(苏打汽水).The safety training is serious and 3 (stress).Caring for 49 people in a business class in 90 minutes is not easy.
We're not 4 (robot).It's hard to put on a smile and just pretend everything is great when it isn't.I've seen co­workers lose a family member the day 5 a trip and just pull themselves together-take control of their feelings 6 behave in a calm way.At the end of a 14­hour flight,it's like,“It was really nice to help you,but I'm ready for you to get off the plane.”Those last 15 minutes can be the 7 (long)15 minutes of your life.You can't wait to turn off the flight server's voice and get something to eat without anyone 8 (say)“Excuse me”.
When you say thank you,it's meaningful.It makes us feel like you 9 (actual)treat us as fellow humans.We're up there together at a height of 30,000 feet,enjoying 10 miracle of the modern flight.
【语篇解读】本文讲述了一位空姐的心路历程。

我26岁,愿意像特蕾莎修女那样,
奉献所有。

我们不是机器人,也有情感,但为了大家的安全,我们无怨无悔。

1.to do [考查非谓语动词。

由上文可知,此处是want后接动词不定式作宾语,故用
动词不定式to do。

]
2.her [考查代词。

该代词作介词like的宾语,指代Mother Teresa,故用宾格代词her。

]
3.stressful [考查词形转换。

根据上文的serious分析判断,此处该用stress的形容词形式stressful作表语。

]
4.robots [考查名词单复数。

根据语境可知,此处表示类指,故用名词复数形式robots。

]
5.before [考查介词。

根据语境分析,此处强调“在某次旅行之前的一天”,故用介词before。

]
9.actually [考查副词。

根据语境分析,此处应用副词修饰后面的动词treat。

] 10.the [考查定冠词。

特指现代飞行中的奇迹,故用定冠词the。

]
Ⅳ.短文改错
Miss Li,
I am very glad that the summer camp would be held,and it runs many courses,such as painting,sewing,dancing or nursing.I want to take the course about nursing,because I have dreaming of becoming an nurse since I was a little child.
For one thing,I hope to acquire a bit of more knowledges of nursing because I want to major in nursing in college.For another,learning more about nursing can help myself to take good care of my parents and relatives.
It is known to all,there are a large number of senior citizens in China.Therefore,I want to devote my life to look after them after I graduate from college.Nursing is a challenging task in fact,because it needs a lot of patient and skills.So I hope I can learn some basic knowledge of nursing in the summer camp.
Li Hua 【答案】
Miss Li,。

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