2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习(二模)英语试题 (解析版)+听力

北京市东城区2017届高三5月综合练习（二模）
英语试题
本试卷共12页，共150分。

考试时长120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

例：What is the man going to read?
A．A newspaper.
B．A magazine.
C．A book.
答案是A。

1. What would the woman like to have?
A. Chocolate cake.
B. Lemon juice.
C. Apple pie.
2. When will the woman attend the conference?
A. On Monday.
B. On Tuesday.
C. On Wednesday.
3. What is the woman doing?
A. Giving advice.
B. Offering help.
C. Asking for permission.
4. What problem does the girl have?
A. Homework takes her too much time.
B. Nobody helps her with her lessons.
C. She dislikes her new class.
5. Why does the woman like going to Forest Park?
A. To meet people.
B. To go boating.
C. To go hiking.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6. What will the woman probably do tomorrow?
A. Go to work late.
B. See a dentist.
C. Attend a meeting.
7. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and employee.
B. Doctor and patient.
C. Husband and wife. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

8. What has the woman decided to do?
A. Buy a nice apartment.
B. Move to a new place.
C. Rent a cheap house.
9. Where does the woman expect to live?
A. In the city centre.
B. Next to the park.
C. Near the school.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A celebration plan.
B. A basketball match.
C. A community concert.
11. What are the two speakers going to do tomorrow?
A. Meet some friends.
B. Do some shopping.
C. Enjoy some music.
12. Where will the speakers probably be next Wednesday?
A. At the community centre.
B. At the city stadium.
C. In a big restaurant.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。

13. When does the course meet on Tuesday?
A. From1:00 to 2:30.
B. From 2:20 to 3:50.
C. From 3:30 to 5:00.
14. Where will the students have the first half of the course?
A. In the lecture room.
B. In Room 307.
C. In the research lab.
15. When will the textbook s be available?
A. Today.
B. Tomorrow.
C. The day after tomorrow.
第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。

听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。

这段对话你将听两遍。

第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago. A．What’s more B．That’s to say
C．In other words D．Believe it or not
答案是D。

1. The young man has ______ experience. He probably can’t do that job.
A. few
B. little
C. some
D. any
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词，句意：这个年轻人几乎没有经验，他可能做不了那份工作。

Experience作“经验”之意时，为不可数名词，作“经历”之意时，为可数名词，且根据句意可知，此处的experience表示“经验”，故不可用few,some,或any修饰，故选B.
2. He couldn’t make his voice ______ above the noise of the traffic.
A. to hear
B. hearing
C. heard
D. hear
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词，句意：他的声音盖不过交通噪音。

句子结构完整，所以需将hear变换成非谓语动词的形式，且根据句意，他不能让他的声音“被听见”，动词-ed形式表示被动或完成，本句中的heard 做宾语补足语，故选C.
3. I ordered a drink while I______ for my friends to come.
A. will wait
B. am waiting
C. would wait
D. was waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态，句意：我在等朋友来的时候，点了一瓶酒。

观察主句中的“ordered”可知，事件发生在过去，且从句由while引导，所以从句应用过去进行时，故选D.
4. ---Where are you going to hang the picture?
---I haven’t decided yet. I _____ hang it in the dining room.
A. might
B. must
C. need
D. would
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词，由句意：你准备把这幅画挂在哪？我还不确定，可能会把它挂在餐厅，可知，此人并不确定要把这幅画挂在哪，may/might可表示“可能性”，故选A.
5. The store______ I bought my textbooks is having a sale this week.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. why
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句，句意：在我买课本的那个商店这周要进行大甩卖，先行词store表示地点，且从句I bought my textbooks结构完整，故选择关系副词where修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，故选B.
6. Their flight ______ due to bad weather. They would like to know when the flight will take off.
A. had been delayed
B. was delayed
C. has been delayed
D. will be delayed
【答案】C
7. Reading is a good way _____ a child’s imagination at an early age.
A. to develop
B. developing
C. develop
D. developed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词不定式，句意:阅读是培养孩子早期想象力的好方法，本题中的不定式作定语修饰way，
故选A.
8. Agatha didn’t tell me ______ she would pick up her son from school.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查连接副词，句意;Agatha没有告诉我她什么时候去学校接她儿子，本题的从句属于tell后的
宾语从句，又根据句意应使用表示时间的连接副词when, when在从句中作状语，故选B.
9. ______ a book in front of your face, you’ll feel the air moving against your face.
A. Waved
B. Wave
C. To wave
D. Waving
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词，句意:在脸前挥舞一本书，你就会感到空气在脸上流动。

主语you和wave为逻
辑上的主动关系，动词-ing形式表示主动，在这里wave的-ing形式引导条件状语，故选D.
10. We packed all the books in the wooden boxes_______ they wouldn’t get damaged.
A. as long as
B. as if
C. in case
D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语词组，as long as只要，as if好像，in case以防，万一，so that以至于；根据句意：
我们把所有的书都打包放进木箱子里，以防损坏，故选D.
11. You’ll recognize me when you get out of the station. I______ jeans and a white T-shirt.
A. will be wearing
B. had worn
C. was wearing
D. have worn
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态，根据句意：你出站的时候，就会认出我来，我将穿一条牛仔裤和一件白衬衫，可知wear 的动作发生在将来，故选A.
12. It is well known _____Confucius was born in the city of Qufu in Shandong province, China.
A. whether
B. where
C. that
D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查连接词，句意：众所周知，孔子出生在中国山东省的曲阜市，本题中it做形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，故选C.
13. If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question.
A. would appreciate
B. would have appreciated
C. were to appreciate
D. had appreciated
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气，句意：如果你有几分钟的空闲时间，我将会珍惜这个机会再问您一个问题，将来时的虚拟语气中，从句为: if+主语+were to do/should do/动词过去式，主句为：主语+should/would +do，故选A.
14. If you can do what you’re weakest ______, you can handle any challenge.
A. for
B. at
C. with
D. to
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词固定搭配，句意：如果你能做你最不擅长的事情，那么你就能面对任何挑战了，be weak at意为“对……不擅长，在……方面是弱势”，故选B.
15. Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, ______ anyone can start now and make a new ending.
A. for
B. and
C. but
D. so
【答案】C
【解析】考查逻辑连接词，空格前的句意为“没有人可以返回过去重新开始”，空格后的句意为“谁都可以从现在开始做个新的结束”，所以前后句是转折的关系，故选C.
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Love Is Blind: The Magic of Tabby
In October, 2003 I started my work at my local animal shelter’s Adoption Department. Over the years, more than 50,000 animals have ____16____ the doors of the shelter. Most of them, I do not remember. But occasionally there are ____17____ animals, who touch me so deeply that I could never possibly ____18____ them. Tabby was one such animal.
Tabby was an ancient Cocker Spaniel, probably 14 years old. What’s more, she was blind and deaf. Tabby’s chances at adoption seemed ____19____at best. After all, we didn’t have many adopters coming in ____20____, “Can you show me all of your really old dogs who are also ____21____ ?” We had all thought that Tabby would live out the rest of her life at the ____22____.
One day a woman named Loretta came to the shelter. Her son, Gary, had ____23____ Tabby’s picture and stories on the shelter’s website at home. They were interested in meeting her! It was the only ____24____ we ever received about Tabby. What could a young child possibly see in a 14-year-old dog who was both blind and deaf? Most boys would want a dog who could grow with them and ____25____ through grassy fields on summer days. Tabby would ____26____ be able to do that. But after meeting her, Loretta and Gary decided that she was the right dog for their family. They adopted Tabby! If Tabby’s story had simply ended with her ____27____ adoption, it would still have been something very special indeed. ____28____, it was what happened after her adoption that people might regard as “magic”. Gary ___29___ from seizures(癫痫). Since Gary and Tabby met they became ____30____. They did everything together. They became so “in tune” with one another that Tabby began to telegraph Gary’s seizures ____31____ they occurred, giving his family ____32____ that one was a bout to strike. What’s more, Gary seemed to be having fewer and fewer seizures since Tabby’s ____33____.
How could it be? Nobody could explain ___34___ Tabby did it. But those of us who were fortunate enough to know her and her family had ____35____ the magic, the kind that has its roots in love.
16. A. broken B. passed C. painted D. locked
17. A. strange B. active C. wild D. special
18. A. recall B. leave C. forget D. abandon
19. A. remote B. great C. fair D. potential
20. A. wondering B. stating C. seeking D. asking
21. A. stubborn B. active C. disabled D. patient
22. A. hospital B. shelter C. farm D. roadside
23. A. posted B. taken C. seen D. drawn
24. A. letter B. donation C. call D. enquiry
25. A. get B. run C. look D. break
26. A. often B. possibly C. never D. generally
27. A. successful B. normal C. temporary D. early
28. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise
29. A. learnt B. suffered C. heard D. differed
30. A. indifferent B. uncomfortable C. unfortunate D. inseparable
31. A. since B. unless C. before D. though
32. A. explanation B. notice C. suggestion D. warning
33. A. arrival B. birth C. return D. recovery
34. A. where B. how C. when D. whether
35. A. witnessed B. created C. achieved D. performed
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲了在动物收养部门有一只叫Tabby的狗，它又聋又瞎，但是却出人意料
地被一个叫Gary的男孩所领养，这个男孩患了癫痫，而让人感到不可思议的是，自从Gary收养了Tabby，
他的癫痫很少犯了，这一奇迹的发生都根源于爱。

16. 考查动词词义辨析，broken打破，passed通过，painted画画，locked锁上，根据文章第一句，作者
工作在当地动物庇护所的收养部门，所以按照逻辑，应该是有超过五万的动物被领养，即经过了庇护所的
大门，故选B.
20. 考查动词词义辨析，wonder想知道，state叙述，seek寻找，ask询问，根据逻辑，领养者应该是上门询问的，且其后跟的句子是疑问句，所以应该是“询问”故选D.
21. 考查形容词词义辨析，stubborn固执的，active活跃的，disabled残疾的，patient有耐心的，结合前句：很多领养者不会前来询问‘你能给我看看你们所有年纪大的狗，而且又……吗’，可知此处应是个贬义词，又因为此段谈论的Tabby是有生理缺陷的，故选C.
22. 考查名词词组辨析，hospital医院，shelter庇护所，farm农场，roadside路边，结合句意：我们都认为Tabby将在……度过她的后半生了。

结合上下文，如果Taddy没有人收养，那么就会在庇护所度过她的后半生，故选B.
23. 考查动词词义辨析，posted张贴，taken带走，seen看见，drawn画画,Gary在来收养部门之前，已经在网站上看过Tabby的照片和故事了，故选C.
24. 考查名词词义辨析，letter信，donation收养，call电话,enquiry询问，根据前文，这对母子对Tabby 很感兴趣，他们想收养Tabby,所以这是唯一一次我们收到的关于Tabby的询问，故选D.
25. 考查动词词组辨析，将选项中的动词与其后的介词相组合，分别是get through完成，run through 跑步通过，look through浏览，break through取得突破，根据句意，大多数男孩都想要一只和他们一起成长、夏天可以在草地上穿越奔跑的狗，故选B.
26. 考查副词词义辨析，often经常，possibly可能，never从不，generally大体上，根据前句“大多数男孩都想要一只和他们一起成长、夏天可以在草地上穿越奔跑的狗”，但是这些Tabby从来都做不到，故选C.
27. 考查形容词词义辨析，successful成功的，normal正常的，temporary短暂的，early早的，根据前文可知，Tabby的领养是成功的，故选A.
28. 考查逻辑连接词，however然而，表示转折，moreover此外，表示递进，therefore因此，表示因果，otherwise否则，不然，表示条件，结合空格前句意;如果Tabby的故事仅仅以它得以成功收养而结束，那它仍然可以算得上是很特别的一件事；以及空格后句意：就是在收养之后发生了一个奇迹，可知，前后两句存在转折关系，故选A.
29. 考查动词词义辨析，learnt学习，suffered遭受，heard听见，differed不同，由于后面的宾语是一种疾病，故选B.
30. 考查形容词词义辨析，indifferent漠然的，uncomfortable不舒服的，unfortunate不幸的，inseparable不能分离的，根据后一句“They did everything together”可知，他们从一见面就难以分离，故选D.
31. 考查连接词，since自从，既然，unless除非，before在……之前，though即使，结合句意：Tabby 在Gary的癫痫发生……，开始透露要犯病的征兆，可知，应该是在犯病之前就给出预告，故选C.
32. 考查名词词义辨析，explanation解释，notice注意，通告，suggestion建议，warning警告，结合前一句，Tarry会在Gary犯病之前给出要犯病的征兆，所以这会给他的家人一个预警，故选D.
33. 考查名词词义辨析，arrival到达，来到，birth出生，return归还，recovery恢复，根据句意：自从Tabby的到来后，Gary的癫痫犯得越来越少了。

故选A.
34. 考查宾语从句连接词，where询问地点，how询问方式，when询问时间，whether是否，询问条件，根据句意：没有人能解释Tabby是如何做到的，所以是询问方式，故选B.
35. 考查动词词义辨析，witnessed见证，created创造，achieved完成，performed执行，结合文意：我们能够了解她和她的家庭、……这个奇迹，已经足够幸运了。

所有发生的这一切都是在他们的见证下，故选A.
【名师点睛】完形填空题旨在考察学生综合运用语言知识的能力。

做此题时必须通篇考虑，先掌握大意，再综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行推理判断。

要想取得高分，重点在于以下两点:
1.通读全文,了解大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,充分利用各种线索作答。

先通读全文，了解文章的大意，然后在做题的过程中，便可利用这些信息。

例如第2小题，这里并不清楚作者要讲述的是一些什么样的动物，是奇怪的、活跃的、有野性的还是特别的？只有结合全文可知，作者举例说明了一只叫Tabby的狗，它又聋又瞎，但却被一位叫Gary的男孩意外收养，所以作者强调偶尔也会有一些很“特别”的狗，由此可以推断出答案。

2.明确词意,词型,词的搭配,并按上下文需要作答。

这篇文章中多次考察到名词，形容词，动词的应用，以及文章细节内容的理解。

如第6题，既考察了各种形容词的意思，又考察了文章细节的理解，结合前句：很多领养者不会前来询问‘你能给我看看你们所有年纪大的狗，而且又……吗’，可知此处应是个贬义词，又因为此段谈论的Tabby 是有生理缺陷的，由此得出答案。

第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Finding a New Spring
A tradesman was leading a caravan(商队) to another country to sell his goods. Along the way they came to the edge of a severe hot-sand desert. They learnt that during the daytime the sun heats up the fine sand until it’s as hot as charcoal, so no one can walk on it -- not even bullocks(小公牛) or camels! So the caravan leader hired a desert guide, one who could follow the stars, so they could travel only at night when the sand cools down. They began the dangerous night-time journey across the desert. A couple of nights later, after eating their evening meal, and waiting for the sand to cool, they started out again.
Later that night, the desert guide, who was driving the first cart, saw from the stars that they were getting close to the other side of the desert. He had also overeaten, so that when he relaxed, he fell asl eep. Then the bullocks who, of course, couldn’t tell directions by reading the stars, gradually turned to the side and went in a big wide circle until they ended up at the same place they had started from! By then it was morning, and the people realized they were back at the same spot. They lost heart and began to cry about their condition. Since the desert crossing was supposed to be over by now, they had no more water and were afraid they would die of thirst. They even began to blame the caravan leader and the desert guide.
However, the leader himself didn’t lose courage. He began walking back and forth, trying to think out a plan. Remaining alert, out of the corner of his eye, he noticed a small clump of grass. He thought, "Without water, no plant could live in this desert." So he asked his fellow travelers to dig up the ground on that very spot. They dug and dug, and after a while they got down to a large stone. He got down into the hole, put his ear to the stone, and heard the sound of flowing water.
A spring was found. All the people were overjoyed. They drank and bathed and washed the animals and cooked their food and ate. Before they left, they raised a high flag so that other travelers could see the new spring in the middle of the hot-sand desert. Then they continued on safely to the end of their journey.
36. Why did the tradesman and his caravan have to travel during the night?
A. To use less water while crossing the desert.
B. It was too hot to walk on the desert in the daytime.
C. They might be able to find the spring in the quiet night.
D. The guide could find a short way by following the stars.
37. Why did the group feel so desperate when they were back to the starting point?
A. They were in danger of dying of thirst.
B. They were running out of food.
C. Their guide had lost the way.
D. Their leader had lost heart.
38. What is the moral of the story?
A. Never give up too easily.
B. Don’t mind what others think of you.
C. Don’t forget sorrow follows extreme joy.
D. Never refuse to offer help when you are needed.
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一支行走在沙漠里的商队在失去方向、没有水源的绝望境地下，这支商队的领导者没有放弃，始终苦苦思索，最终找寻到水源的故事。

36. 考查细节理解，根据文中第一段“So the caravan leader hired a desert guide, one who could follow the stars, so they could travel only at night when the sand cools d own.”可知，这个商队的领导者雇了一个可以跟随星星的沙漠向导，所以他们可以在晚上等沙子变凉的时候，再行进，故选B.
37. 考查文章细节理解，根据文中第二段“Since the desert crossing was supposed to be over by now, they had no more water and were afraid they would die of thirst”可知，他们到目前为止，理应走完沙漠的，但现在他们没有水了，害怕会渴死，所以他们感到绝望，故选A.
38. 考查文章整体把握，通读文章可知，这个商队雇佣的沙漠向导在行进的过程当中睡着了，所以整个队伍失去了方向，他们几经寻找方向后无果，随带的水也已经喝完，他们都绝望不已，但商队的这名领导者并没有放弃，苦苦想着办法，最终依靠自己的判断力帮助大家找到了水源，拯救了整个商队，所以这篇文章的寓意就是“不要轻易放弃”，故选A.
B
One man who sold tickets on the train from 1959 to 1965 Clive Codrington, pointed out that the trac ks which passed through Knolly’s Tunnel and the area of Tabaquite were not originally intended for passenger trains. “They were really used for the transport of cocoa and coffee,” he said.
Construction on Knolly’s Tunnel began in 1896, and it was opened on August 13th,1898 by the man it was named after---Sir Clement C. Knolly, Acting Governor of Trinidad. It linked Rio Claro with Port of Spain. Its architecture is still admired and studied today, and many are amazed that
Knolly’s Tunnel has stood up to the earth’s movement over so many years. Much research is being done on the tunnel. At the top of Knolly’s Tunnel are cottages covered with leaves, where visitors can sit and enjoy the beauty of nature. Standing at the beginning of Knolly’s Tunnel, you can see nothing but the tiny light at the end. The train tracks have been removed and replaced with small stones. Visitors can drive through the tunnel or walk through, but should do so in groups for safety. In the old days, there were no lights, but now there are street lights on the way to the tunnel, though not inside.
On your way in, you may notice some manholes on the walls of the tunnel. These were there for individuals to step into for safety as the train passed. Knolly’s Tunnel can be accessed through Tabaquite and through Mitchell Gap. The road was recently improved, but is better when you enter from Tabaquite, and there are signs on the road directing you to Knolly’s Tunnel.
On the drive to Knolly’s Tunnel there are two other cottages where visitors c an sit and just enjoy nature. At the site itself, there is nothing to purchase to eat or drink, but in Tabaquite there are several bars, a restaurant, and food outlets. A gas station and a health centre are also close by.
For those who admire architecture, Knolly’s Tunnel is a must-see when visiting Trinidad. For the nature lovers, there is no better place for them to be and for the historians, they can walk or drive through Knolly’s Tunnel knowing that many of our ancestors toiled on its structure. So when you visit Trinidad, don’t forget to take a look at Knolly’s Tunnel! 396
39. Knolly’s Tunnel is special in _______.
A. its environment
B. its function
C. its location
D. its architecture
40. If you are visiting Knolly’s Tunnel, you can ______.
A. drive through it
B. buy your meals in it
C. take a train tour through it
D. walk along the track through it
41. The underlined word “site” in the last paragraph refers to______.
A. Trinidad
B. Tabaquite
C. Mitchell Gap
D. Knolly’s Tunnel
42. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To suggest a visit to Knolly’s Tunnel.
B. To tell the history of Knolly’s Tunnel.
C. To evaluate the value of Knolly’s Tunnel.
D. To witness the change of Knolly’s Tunnel.
【答案】39. D 40. A 41. D 42. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要向我们介绍了有关Knolly’s Tunnel的历史用途、建筑特点等，最后向去泰国旅游的游客推荐一定要去参观Knolly’s Tunnel。

39. 考查文章细节推断，根据文中第二段“It’s architecture is still admired and studied today, and many are amazed that Knolly’s Tunnel has stood up to the earth’s movement over so many years.”可知，Knolly隧道的建筑至今仍被人们所称赞学习，并且很多人对它可以多年经受住地壳运动而屹立不倒感到不可思议，而且整个第二段都在讲述此隧道的建筑结构，故选D.
40. 考查文章细节理解，根据文中第二段“Visitors can drive through the tunnel or walk through, but should do so in groups for safety.”，可知，游客可以驾车通过，也可以步行通过这个隧道，故选A.
41. 考查文章词义理解，site的指代对象要从其前的句子找，前面一句出现两个地点名词：Knolly’s Tunnel
和two other cottages，又因site本身是单数，所以其指代的名词也应该是单数，故是Knolly’s Tunnel，故选D.
42. 考查文章整体把握，通读全文可知，文章前四段都是在向我们描述Knolly’s Tunnel，最后一段向去泰国旅游的游客推荐Knolly’s Tunnel, 前四段都是为了给最后一段做铺垫，所以本文的目的就体现在最后一段，故选A.
C
In the face of the tensions and pressures we all face every single day, a sense of humor can be helpful. The ability to laugh is very important to our fullest development and to our “mental health”. And if we can laugh at ourselves, we’re even further along the road to self-fulfillment. Consider the following example.
Gordon is hoping to become a professional singer. He has a good voice, and has performed in public many times. But he’s very sensitive about his abilities. For instance, if his voice coach suggests he practice a particular song a few more times until he gets it right, Gordon falls apart, absolutely certain that the coach is implying that he isn’t any good and he has no future in music.
He mentioned his sensitivity in his paper for a psychology class. The psychology professor called him in, outwardly to talk about the paper, but hoping to give the boy a chance to open up about the problem. The teacher rarely told her students what they ought to do, but she felt Gordon should know that such extreme sensitivity would make it difficult for him in the entertainment field, where stage personnel, and fellow performers often are very hard on new talent. She asked Gordon if he felt he had made necessary preparations to follow through in such a competitive and difficult business.
Gordon got angry with the teacher, pointing a brave finger at her, and told her she was “dead wrong” about him. Further, Gordon asked what she could possibly know about music and the pressures of the profession. The teacher stood up and turned Gordon around, right in the middle of a sentence, asking him to continue, but to watch himself in the mirror on the back of the office door as he talked. Gordon tried to go on, pointing and gesticulating, but suddenly he saw his expression in the mirror, then when he turned to face the psychologist, he noticed a smile beginning to form on the teacher’s face. At the very top of his “outburst,” Gordon burst out laughing. He stopped his aggressive talk and asked the teacher if he looked that ridiculous all the time.
Seeing himself “objectively” made Gordon realize that how ridiculous it was to take himself so seriously. In our everyday life, the ability to catch ourselves being so serious, bearing all the burdens of the world, and trying to save the human race helps us relieve some built-up tension through laughter.
Laughter is a necessary part of mental health. Laughter is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate the selfhood. The things we find in humor may vary, but the experiences of humor, pleasure, and enjoyment are extremely important and must be fostered.
43. From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that Gordon ________.
A. has broken up with his coach
B. has failed to be a professional singer
C. keeps practicing and hopes for the best
D. feels very sensitive to other people’s c omments
44. Why did the psychologist talk with Gordon?
A. To discuss his paper with him.
B. To help him realize his problem.
C. To point out his rude behaviors.
D. To offer advice on reducing pressure.
45. How does the author support his ideas?
A. By offering analyses.
B. By providing research results.
C. By giving an example.
D. By stating an argument.
46. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. Means of laughter.
B. Benefits of humor.
C. The cause of sensitivity.
D. The importance of health.
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. C 46. B
【解析】这是一篇简单的议论文，采用了“总-分-总”的结构，第一段作者开门见山，告诉我们：幽默感和大笑对我们有益处，接着举了一个关于男孩Gordon的反例来论证这个观点，最后一段再次回归主题：大笑对我们保持心理健康是必要的。

43. 考查文章细节推断，根据文中第二段“For instance, if his voice coach suggests he practice a particular song a few more times until he gets it right, Gordon falls apart, absolutely certain that the coach is implying that he isn’t any good and he has no future in music.”可知，如果他的歌唱老师建议他把一首歌再练习好几遍，直到唱对，他就会很崩溃，确信老师是在向他暗示他一无是处，在音乐上没有未来，所以他对别人对他说的话非常敏感，故选D.
44. 考查文章细节推断，根据文中第三段“He me ntioned his sensitivity in his paper for a psychology class. The psychology professor called him in, outwardly to talk about the paper, but hoping to give the boy a chance to open up about the problem.”，可知，他的心理教授把他叫去，表面上是讨论论文，实际上是希望给这个男孩一个机会去把这个问题说开，故选B.
45. 考查文章整体把握，通读全文可知，第一段作者开门见山，告诉我们：大笑对我们有益处，接着举了一个Gordon的例子来论证这个观点，最后一段再次回归主题：大笑对我们保持心理健康是必要的，故选
C.
46. 考查文章整体把握，通读全文可知，作者主要运用Gordon的例子来论证幽默感和大笑的好处，故选
B.
【名师点睛】文章细节理解题可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。

答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。

属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。

（2）语言转述型。

这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在表达形式和意义上充分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。

属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。

（3）语意理解型。

这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与
题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。

属于较高难度的事实细节题。

（4）是非辨别型。

这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。

（5）事实排序型。

这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。

例如: 本篇文章中的第2小题，属于文章细节理解中（2）语言转述型，原文中的句子是“professor called him in, outwardly to talk about the paper, but hoping to give the boy a chance to open up about the problem.”，题目是“Why did the psychologist talk with Gordon?”，间接对应了选项B中“to help him realize his problem”对原文句子的转述表达，即“to help him realize his problem”是“to give the boy a chance to open up about the problem”的另一种表达。

D
Can Training Your Working Memory Make You Smarter?
We would all like to increase our cognitive(认知的) ability beyond the limits set by Mother Nature. So it’s no wonder that brain-training programmes – which typically focus on training
our working memory –are a multibillion-dollar industry. But can this kind of training really make us smarter?
Cognitive training sees the brain as a kind of muscle that can be made stronger with the right kind of practice. It consists of tasks or games carried out on computers or smart phones. Despite much research, there has so far been no agreement about its effectiveness. Some think that cognitive training increases a broad range of cognitive abilities, while others less optimistic.
Yet we do know that some cognitive skills, such as working memory and intelligence, tend to go together and are predictors of real-life skills such as work performance. Thus, training one cognitive skill might lead to an improvement in many other cognitive and non-cognitive skills. That is exactly the underlying hypothesis(假设) on which working-memory training is based. To test this hypothesis, we examined all the studies about working-memory training we could find with normally developing children: 26 experiments and 1,601 total participants. Children represent an ideal test group: during childhood, skills are still at the beginning of their development. Thus, cognitive training is more likely to succeed with children than adults. The results were very clear. Working-memory training did not show any effect on children’s fluid intelligence, a person’s ability to solve new problems and adapt to new situations. It didn’t。