2021届高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析(三十五)

2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（三十五）
2020江苏卷（C篇）
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found, Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it
may be wise to skip eating first.
词块梳理
1：stomach
英[ˈstʌmək] 美[ˈstʌmək]
n. 腹部；胃
v. 欣赏；吃得下
变形
现在分词：stomaching
过去式：stomached
复数：stomachs
第三人称单数：stomachs
双语例句
1.At the sight of blood her stomach turned.
她看到血就感到恶心.
2.My gorge [ stomach ] rises at it.
我一看见这东西就恶心.
3.I wouldn't say your stomach was big —it's just slightly convex.
我不会说你的肚子大——它只是有点凸出.
2：beneficial
英[ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] 美[ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl]
adj. 有益的，有帮助的
双语例句
1.However, is the relationship stability always beneficial to channel members?
然而, 关系稳定性对渠道成员来说一定是有利的吗?
2.Passive FTP is beneficial to the client, but detrimental to FTP server admin.
被动FTP对FTP客户端的管理有利, 但对服务器端的管理不利.
3.Beneficial Right: Personal Right ? Real Right? Or New Right?
信托受益权: 物权? 债权? 抑或新权利?
3：affect
英[əˈfekt] 美[əˈfekt]
v. 影响；使感动；（疾病）感染；假装
变形
过去分词：affected
现在分词：affecting
过去式：affected
第三人称单数：affects:
双语例句
1.But sooner rather than later, this aerial vehicle technology will affect all of our lives.
但是不久以后, 这种空中运载器技术就将影响到我们生活的方方面面.
2.Anorexia nervosa, a form of starvation, may affect adolescent girls.
神经性厌食症是饥饿的一种形式, 它对少女有影响.
3.How could blood flow affect brain activity?
血流怎样能影响脑的活性呢?
4：otherwise
英[ˈʌðəwaɪz] 美[ˈʌðərwaɪz]
adv. 否则；除此以外；与之不同地；以其他方式:
双语例句
1.I suspect ( that ) you once thought otherwise.
我觉得你一度有过不同的想法.
2.If he had done otherwise, I should have thought him a rascal.
如果他不这样做, 我就认为他是个恶棍.
3.Don't move, otherwise I'll kill you [ you'll be shot dead ] .
不许动, 要不我就崩了你.
5：sample
英[ˈsɑːmpl] 美[ˈsæmpl]
n. 样品；样本；（化验的）取样；（用于新乐曲中的）节录乐曲；确定（模拟信号）瞬时值
vt. 品尝；体验；抽样调查；取样；品尝，体验；抽样检验；节录（某一曲子，用于新乐曲中）
adj. 样品的，作为例子的
n. （Sample）（美、英、爱尔兰）桑普尔（人名）
变形
过去分词：sampled
现在分词：sampling
过去式：sampled
复数：samples
第三人称单数：samples
双语例句
1.Show me the original sample, please.
请把原样给我看看.
2.It would be easy to misinterpret results from such a small sample.
从这样小的一份抽样出发容易得出曲解的结论.
3.We have a representative sample.
我们有一个代表性的样品.
6：separate
英[ˈsepəreɪt] 美[ˈsepəreɪt]
v. （使）分开，分离；分割，划分；相隔，隔开；分居；区分，分别
adj. 独立的，分开的；不同的，不相关的
变形
过去分词：separated
现在分词：separating
名词：separateness
过去式：separated
第三人称单数：separates:
双语例句
1.Can you separate butterflies from moths?
你能区别蝴蝶和飞蛾吗?
2.The two questions are quite separate.
这两个问题是完全不相关的.
3.These instruments form a complete set. Don't separate them.
这些仪器是成套的, 不要拆散.
7：average
英[ˈævərɪdʒ] 美[ˈævərɪdʒ]
adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的
n. 平均数；平均水平
v. 平均为；算出…的平均数
变形
副词：averagely
过去分词：averaged
现在分词：averaging
过去式：averaged
复数：averages
第三人称单数：averages:
双语例句
1.To put It'simply, the new proposals mean that the average worker will be about 10 % better paid.
简单地说, 新建议意味着一个普通工人的工资将增加10%.
2.There was nothing special about the meal ; it was average.
饭菜没什么特别, 挺平常的.
3.We average eight hours'work a day.
我们每天平均工作八小时.
8：theory
英[ˈθɪəri] 美[ˈθiːəri]
n. 学说；理论；观点；猜想
变形
复数：theories
双语例句
1.His experiment negatived the theory.
他的实验驳斥了这个理论.
2.Einstein's theory of relativity won for him universal esteem.
爱因斯坦的相对论赢得了全世界对他的崇敬.
3.Copernicus was terribly persecuted for his scientific theory.
哥白尼由于其科学理论而遭到严重的迫害.
9：empty
英[ˈempti] 美[ˈempti]
adj. 空的；无意义的；空虚的；无力的
v. 清空；流入
变形
副词：emptily
过去分词：emptied
比较级：emptier
最高级：emptiest
现在分词：emptying
过去式：emptied
第三人称单数：empties
双语例句
1.His wordy and empty speech was a frost.
他的冗长空洞的讲话使人厌烦.
2.Empty talk is no good.
空谈没有好处.
3.He threw the empty bottles in the bin.
他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱.
10：additional
英[əˈdɪʃənl] 美[əˈdɪʃənl]
adj. 附加的，添加的
变形
副词：additionally:
双语例句
1.It is necessary to set down these additional rules.
有必要制定这些补充规则.
2.Additional powers will devolve to the regional governments.
将向地方政府下放更多的权力.
3.I think we can fit in an additional room.
我想我们可以再加建一间房子.
11：compared
英[kəmˈpeəd] 美[kəmˈpɛrd]
adj. 比较的，对照的:
双语例句
1.His legs were pitifully thin compared to the rest of his bulk.
他的双腿和他庞大身躯的其他部分相比瘦得可怜。

2.This is fearfully expensive compared with the last one I bought.
这和我上次买的相比贵得吓人。

3.Ferries are very powerful and manoeuvrable compared to cargo ships.
与货船相比，渡船马力大而且易操纵。

12：considerable
英[kənˈsɪdərəbl] 美[kənˈsɪdərəbl]
adj. 相当大/多的
变形
比较级：more considerable
最高级：most considerable:
双语例句
1.Clive's father gave her a considerable leg up when he appointed her director of the family firm.
克莱夫的父亲任命她家族企业的一名董事,大大地帮了她一把.
2.The repairs needed before we can occupy the house will be considerable.
那幢房子在我们搬进之前需要大大修整一番.
3.The motion was carried by a considerable majority.
该项议案以多数赞同而获得通过.
13：slightly
英[ˈslaɪtli] 美[ˈslaɪtli]
adv. 稍微；身材瘦小:
双语例句
1.Her ideas are slightly muddled.
她的观点略有些混乱.
2.The shell has to be slightly porous to enable oxygen to pass in.
外壳不得不有些细小的孔以便能使氧气通过.
3.I wouldn't say your stomach was big —it's just slightly convex.
我不会说你的肚子大——它只是有点凸出.。