商英复习

1.Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive possession or control of something, which may be an object or some kind of property.所有制是指人们对物质资料的占有形式，通常指对生产资料的占有形式，即生产资料所有制
2.Corporation Advantages: Limited liability: //Skilled management team
//Transfer of ownership: //Greater capital base //Stability Disadvantages: Lack of secrecy // Lack of personal interest //Difficulty and expense of starting //Government involvement:
3.Consumer satisfaction is a business term used to capture the idea of measuring how satisfied an enterprise’s consumers are with the organization’s efforts in a marketplace
4.Factors influencing CS:1Consumer satisfaction //2The product features, taking due account of previous experience, brand name perceptions and symbolic elements / /3The context of the purchase, which includes the influence of salespeople and social references; //4Individual characteristics that entail persuadability and perceptual distortion.
5.Management is defined as the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.管理就是通过与他人一起工作并协调他人的工作来实现组织及其成员的目标
6.Managers have four primary functions：管理过程涉及一系列不同的活动，包括计划、组织、领导和控制，这就是管理的职能
7.planning :means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them计划就是确定要达到的目标并事先确定实现目标所需的正确行动Three forms of planning:1Strategic (long-range) planning战略规划2Tactical (short-range) planning 3Contingency planning 应急计划
anizing :i nvolves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments.组织是对人力、财力、物质、信息和其他实现目标所需资源的分配与协调
9.Directing:领导就是激励人们成为绩效杰出者，就是指导、激励和与员工个人或全体的沟通。

10.Controlling:控制就是核查计划的执行情况，对出现的偏差采取必要的纠正措施\
11.Management skill__3点1、Conceptual skill概念技能is the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship among its parts.运用这一技能，管理者必须能够将组织看作一个整体，对高层管理者来说，这种技能是非常重要的2、Human skill人际技能is the manager’s ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member.3、Technical skill 技术技能is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks
12.Before the interview:1、research on the company.2、Take care over your physical appearance3、Work out what to take with you
13.During the interview:1、Arrive early 2、Don’t take cell phone calls 3.、Don’t be shy 4、When the interviewer conclude the interview, offer a firm headshake and make eye contact 5、Depart gracefully
14.After the interview：1、make notes right away so you don’t forget critical details. 2、send
a thank-you letter 3、Don’t call the employer back immediately.
15.Trademarks are proper terms that identify the products and services of a business and distinguish them from products and services of others (商标是识别某商品、服务或与其相关具体个人或企业的显著标志。

)also can called a brand name
1.近来他们的生意很糟糕，不久就得歇业。

They will have to close down soon because business has been bad recently.
2.我们打字纸快用完了，让秘书尽快去买一些。

We are running out of typing paper, so let the secretary buy some as soon as possible.
3.如果邮包未经保险，邮局对其受损不负责任。

The Post Office is not liable for damage to a parcel by mail if it is not insured.
4.这家超市由于经营不善而陷入债务。

The supermarket goes into debt due to bad management.
5.这个5年前仅有10人的小公司现已发展成为一个拥有3家子公司的大企业。

The small company, which had no more than 10 people 5 years ago, now has developed into a big business with 3 subsidiary companie
6. 销售被定义为帮助顾客，并帮助他们作出明智的购买决定。

Selling is defined as assisting customers and helping them make a wise buying decision.
7.该企业以高质量的产品服务于顾客。

This business serves customers in the form of high-quality products.
8.大多数消费者对电脑的售后服务不满意。

Most consumers are dissatisfied with the after-sales services of computers.
9.为了方便起见，我们可以从三方面讨论他们的提高销售额的计划。

For the sake of convenience, we can discuss their plan to increase sales from three aspects.
10.他在住院期间，工作都积压了下来。

His work piled up while he was in hospital.
11.我们劝他接受公司提出的工资标准，但他拒绝了。

We tried to persuade him to agree to the company’s pay offer, but he refuse d.
1.这家家电企业非常重视售后服务，因而在顾客中口碑很好。

The electric home appliance enterprise puts great emphasis on after-sales service. So it has gained a very good reputation among its customers.
2正确的投资必会带来丰厚的回报。

A sound investment is sure to bring good profits
3.受病毒影响，我们的计算机不能正常工作，等待处理的数据已经堆积如山了。

Our computers can’t work normally for the attack of virus. So heaps of data is waiting for processing.
4.当他想打一份合同时，没有一个秘书可供差遣，他只好自己打了。

As none of the secretaries was available when he wanted to have a contract typed, he had to type it himself.
5.人们认为总统参与商业活动是不合适的。

It is considered inappropriate for a President to engage
7.负责政府各部门的领导人必须能全心全意为人民服务。

The leaders in charge of the government departments must be able to serve the people heart and soul.
in business dealings.
1.很多国有企业正在努力摆脱债务的纠缠，尽快实现盈利的目标。

Many state-owned enterprises are making every possible effort to get rid of their debts so that the aim of making profits can be realized as soon as possible.
2.现在的银行跟过去相比似乎更多地考虑到迎合顾客的需求。

Banks nowadays seem to be accommodating their customers more than they used to be.
3.一般来说，人们总是希望工作时间要短些，而工资却要高些。

In general, people want shorter working hours but higher wages.
5.要么停业，要么出售整栋大楼，这家百货公司别无其他出路。

The department store has no way out but either to close down or to sell the whole building.
6.面试时，面试官会想尽办法让你打消顾虑，畅所欲言。

During an interview, the interviewer will try his/her best to make you feel free to speak your mind.
7.如果你觉得在公司里无事可做，事实上就是一个即将被炒鱿鱼的信号。

Your feeling of having nothing to do in the company is, in effect, a signal that you will be fired soon.
8.他们本来打算在房地产上做大量的投资，但董事长在最后时刻改变了主意。

They had planned to invest a lot of money in real estate, but the chairman of the board changed his mind at the last minute.
9.空调的销售在很大程度上受天气的影响。

The sales of air-conditioners are strongly affected by the weather.
1.有了商品标识，我们就能从一百种同类产品中很快认出我们公司的产品来。

With the logo, we can identify quickly the product of our company among a hundred of others of the same category.
2.在激烈的竞争中，这家公司还是保住了行业龙头老大的地位，它毕竟时拥有了一流设备和人力资源的企业。

The company remains Number 1 of this sector in the fierce competition. After all, it has first-class equipment and human resources.
3.有时董事长和总经理由一人承担，因此人们常常会把董事长和总经理混为一谈。

Sometimes
a person can be both a chairman of the board and a general manager. Therefore, people often confuse the chairman of the board with the general manager.
4.这家公司的设计人员想方设法使他们的产品更加具有吸引力。

The designers of the company go to great lengths to make their products more attractive.
5.“不劳而获”这条原则适用于任何人。

The principle of ‘no pains, no gains’ is applicable to anybody.
6.直接上门推销产品的销售人员在某种程度上已侵犯了公民的私生活。

Those salespeople who sell their products by knocking at doors have somewhat infringed on the private lives of citizens 双重课税double taxation 所有权proprietorship 个人企业sole/single proprietorship
合伙企业partnership 普通合伙general partnership 有限合伙limited partnership
公司corporation 企业集团conglomerate 有限责任limited liability 无限连带责任unlimited joint liability 附加福利fringe benefits 发行股票the issuance of share 自由企业制度Free Enterprise System 外企代理处Rep. office 合资企业Joint Venture
外商独资企业WFOE 原料raw material 利息interest 红利dividend
奖金/额外津贴bonus 负债（负资产）negative assets 流动资产liquid assets
国有资产national assets 净资产net assets 固定资产fixed assets
世界知识产权组织《WIPO》World Intellectual Property Organization 商标法trademark law 文字商标word mark 服务标记service mark 注册商标registered trademark
非专利的商标名Generic trademark regional marking 区域销售经理several district sales 地区销售经理division controller 审计官resume简历reference 推荐Accounting supervisor 会计主管certificate 证书fr inge benefit 附加福利qualification certificate 资格证书executive secretary 行政秘书managing director 常务董事chief cashier 总出纳treasure 财务主管Chief Executive/ Financial / Information Officer Plant /operation /division manager 工厂/营运/部门经理。