2021届山东省英语新高考精准培优专练：阅读理解—说明文科技环保类 含答案

The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown ，Ohio ，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another ，employees
were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further
changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse ，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three -and-a-half hours. The light ，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by ，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
In the future ，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch ”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
【2020·全国1卷】
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water
B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。

文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

1.主旨大意题。

根据第一段中 A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.研究表明在俄亥俄州扬斯敦,城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。

当在员工的工作场所摆上植物时，他们的工作效率会提高。

由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。

故选D。

2.细节理解题。

根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。

由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。

故选A。

3.细节理解题。

根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。

由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。

故选C。

4.主旨大意题。

根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。

由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。

发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。

结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。

故选C。

【2020·山东卷】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants
followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
5. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety.
B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand.
D. Eating behavior.
6. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters.
B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters.
D. Tall thin persons.
7. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
8. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are.
B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others.
D. How we feel about the food.
【答案】5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C
【解析】本文是说明文。

最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。

文章详述了这个实验的过程。

5.细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Ac cording to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food
intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。

因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。

故选D。

6.词义猜测题。

根据前半句“And contrary to exi sting research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。

后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。

由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。

故选D。

7.推理判断题。

根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。

根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。

参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。

然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。

由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。

故选A。

8.推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。

但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。

如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。

故选C。

【陕西省西安市第一中学2021届高三英语上学期模拟调研考试】
A human can’t easily enter another species’ social group to examine and influence what makes the animals sick. But the right robot can open up a clever way in.
Scientists have developed a robotic “fish” called SoFi in the hope of getting closer to marine life than ever before. The fish, which was developed by researchers at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, can independently swim alongside real fish in the ocean. Fittingly, the robot has a fisheye lens (鱼眼镜头) on board that can take photos and videos of the marine it sees. Robert Katzschmann, lead author of the study, said: “We are all in an a roused state at the thought of the possibility of being able to use a system like this to get closer to marine life
than humans can get on their own.”
While most underwater robots are tied to boats, SoFi has a much simpler and lightweight system that’s fou nd in smartphones. To swim, the motor causes water to flow into two balloon-like chamber in the fish’s tail. As one chamber (室) expands, it bends to one side, and then when the motors push water to the other channel, that one bends in the otherdirection. Together, these actions create a side-to-side motion, just like a real fish. The researchers hope that these realistic movements will help to ensure the robot is as safe in its environment as possible.
Daniela Rus, who also worked on the study, said: “The r obot is able to closely observe marine life and appears not to be disturbing to real fish.” So far the robot has been tested in the Rainbow Reef in Fiji, where it swims at depths of more than 50 feet for 40 minutes.
1. Why have scientists developed the robotic fish?
A. To get close to observe marine life.
B. To prove the progress in robot technology.
C. To make the field of marine life interesting.
D. To test the intelligence of fishes in the ocean.
2. How did Robert Katzschmann feel about their study of SoFi?
A. Curious.
B. Excited.
C. Nervous.
D. Worried.
3. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Add more information to their study.
B. Convey the researchers’ satisfaction.
C. Compare different underwater robots.
D. Explain how the robotic fish works safely.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Robotic “Fish” that Can Record Marine Life in Detail
B. MIT’s Researchers who Have Developed Robotic Fish
C. Underwater robots that Influence Species in the Ocean
D. Rainbow Reef where the Robotic Fish Has Been Tested
Parents around the world often urge children over and over — wash your hands! It can be
difficult, however, to get children to remember to wash. But what if washing hands was connected to a fun creative activity? What if instead of simply reaching for the soap, a machine could drop it right into your hands?
Well, such a machine was recently built by a boy and his sister in the U.S. state of Maryland as part of a creative competition. The not-for-profit Rube Goldberg Organization is holding the competition.
Every year, the Rube Goldberg competition assigns a specific task, considering inventions that use complex systems to carry out a simple everyday task. At first, the task for 2020 was supposed to be “turn on a light.” But when the COVID-19 happened, the task was changed to “drop a bar of soap into someone’s hand.”
Those taking part in the competition are schoolchildren. But with schools closed to slow the spread of the virus, organizers changed the rules. This year, the team can include any family members and people were asked to send in recordings of the machines to compete. One thing has not changed: The machine must complete the task in less than 10 steps.
In Maryland, the Diel family wanted to enter. So, Caitlin and her brother Ben designed and built their own Rube Goldberg machine. Next, they had to demonstrate that it could complete the task-throwing the soap just right to be caught in someone’s hand. After 106 failed attempts, they finally had success. With their video demonstration, they can now enter the competition.
Dr. Anne Glowinski teaches child psychiatry (精神病学) at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. She said that “creativity and play” connects with children. It is better than the message. “We have to wash our hands because of this horrible virus”. Glowinski added.
5．What might be a task of inventions assigned by the Rube Goldberg competition?
A．Sweeping the floor. B．Exploring nature.
C．Writing a novel. D．Painting the house.
6．What change has been made to the rules of the competition this year?
A．All kinds of inventions are admitted.
B．A video of the entry is qualified to enter.
C．Teachers are encouraged to get involved.
D．The task must be finished within 10 steps.
7．What does Glowinski think of the invention?
A．Practical. B．Unnecessary. C．Economical. D．Complicated.
8．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To advocate the habit of washing hands.
B．To call on schoolchildren to compete in a contest.
C．To encourage more inventions from everyday items.
D．To introduce a contest making handwashing fun for kids.
Coffee chains create a lot of waste, from disposable take-away cups to the used grounds that are sent to landfills. Starbucks has started to try recyclable alternatives to the disposable cups. But the used coffee is often unnoted.
The world drinks around 2 billion cups of coffee a day, producing 6 million tons of used grounds every year. When they go to landfills, the grounds release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
UK Bio-bean has found a way to turn that waste into a valuable resource. At Bio-bean, used coffee grounds are processed to remove paper cups or plastic bags, and then passed through a dryer and a further screening process. They are finally processed into the fuel — Coffee Log.
“Coffee is highly calorific and lends itself to being a really fantastic fuel,” says May, director of Bio-bean. “They burn about 20% hotter and 20% longer than wood logs do.”
While these fuels release greenhouse gases when burned, if they replace other carbon-based fuels. Bio-bean estimates that the recycling process reduces emissions （排放）by 80% compared with sending the grounds to landfills.
Founded in 2013 Bio-bean grew rapidly, launching coffee collection services across the UK and building the world's first coffee recycling factory only two years later. In 2016 they launched their first product, Coffee Log, and are now ready to launch their first natural flavoring ingredient into the food and drink industry.
“We’ve really managed to succeed with our innovation because we’ve managed to get to scale. What started as a good idea is today the UK’s largest recycler of coffee grounds. We are turning 7,000 tons of those grounds per year into the fuel,”says George May. “Despite being
delayed by the COVID-19, we plan to expand our operation into northwestern Europe within the next five years.”
9．What do the first two paragraphs suggest?
A．It’s necessary to limit coffee consumption.
B．Drinking coffee is popular around the world.
C．Measures should be taken to recycle coffee waste.
D．Coffee grounds are the main cause of global warming.
10．What is the Bio-bean’s Coffee Log?
A．A solid fuel. B．A natural food.
C．A cup of hot coffee. D．A tree trunk.
11．What do we know about Bio-bean?
A．It is a high-tech company with a long history.
B．It is a promising recycler of coffee grounds.
C．It is started to produce coffee and fuels.
D．I t’s developing faster than Starbucks.
12．What does the underlined phrase “get to scale” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Give accurate measurement. B．Cover a wide range.
C．Do mass production. D．Classify different grades.
A team of farmers, university researchers and environmentalists is busy at work in the wetlands of eastern England. They are digging into the area’s wheat fie lds, looking for wet earth that could hide lost ponds underneath. It takes the group of diggers just a few hours to revive (使复活) one dying pond. It’s near Hindolveston, a thousand-year-old village close to the North Sea.
“As soon as the buried ponds get water and light, they just spring to life,” says Nick Anema, a farmer in nearby Dereham. He’s brought seven ponds on his farm back to life. “Frogs and all the insects like dragonflies can be seen here again,” he said.
But the battle for the wetlands is a struggle. While efforts to stop losses are continuing, wetlands around the world are still being filled in and covered up. Over the past three centuries, almost 90% of the world’s wetlands have disappeared. The loss rate has increased since the 1970s, with we tlands now disappearing three times faster than, the world’s forests.
Some 5,000 wetland-dependent animal species could die out because of such losses. Wetland loss can also affect human beings. Wetlands act as natural storage areas for water. Losing those areas could lead to more severe flooding in many parts of the world. And the act of removing water from wetlands can release huge amounts of carbon dioxide, a major contributor to climate change.
Human-made wetlands, however, aren’t decreasing in number. Rice fields, water reservoirs and agricultural stock ponds have all increased since the 1970s. Yet scientists are concerned about this phenomenon. “People brag (自夸) about the fact that there’s been no net loss (净损失) of wetlands. But what they’ve done is destroy natural wetlands and create artificial ones,” says Stuart Pimm, a Duke University professor. “It makes it look like you’re doing no harm when the reality is very different.”
13．What’s the team’s work in eastern England intended for?
A．Digging wet earth for research. B．Researching into an old village.
C．Bringing dying ponds back to life. D．Finding wetlands created by people.
14．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．Various functions of wetlands. B．Serious consequences of wetland loss.
C．Wetlands’ key role in climate change. D．Wetlands’ importance to living things.
15．Which of the following reflects Stuart Purim’s opinion?
A．Artificial wetlands can’t replace natural ones.
B．Creating artificial wetlands upsets the balance of nature.
C．Keeping the total number of various kinds of wetlands is important.
D．It’s important to balance the numbers of natural wetlands and artificial ones.
16．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Seeking for More Wetlands B．Saving the World’s Wetlands
C．Causes of Wetlands’ Disappearance D．Natural Wetlands vs. Artificial Wetlands
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

麻省理工学院（MIT）的研究人员研发出一款机器鱼—SoFi,研制该款机器鱼的目的是在产生最小的破坏性的前提下,能够近距离的观察所有的水下生物。

1.细节理解题。

根据文章第二段内容Scientists have developed a robotic “fish” called SoFi in the hope of getting closer to marine life than ever before. 科学家发明了一种名为SoFi的机器鱼，希望能比以往任何时候都更接近海洋生物。

可知答案为A。

2.细节理解题。

根据第二段内容We are all in an aroused state at the thought of the possibility of being able to use a system like this to get closer to marine life than humans can get on their own.一想到有可能使用这样的系统比人类自己更接近海洋生物，我们都处于一种激动的状态。

可知Robert Katzschmann对SoFi的研究很兴奋。

可知答案为B。

3.推理判断题。

根据While most underwater robots are tied to boats, SoFi has a much simpler and lightweight system that’s found in smartphones. To swim, the motor causes water to flow into two balloon-like chamber in the fish’s tail. As one chamber (室) expands, it bends to one side, and then when the motors push water to the other channel. 虽然大多数水下机器人都系在船上，但SoFi有一个更简单、更轻量的智能手机系统。

在游泳时，马达会让水流入鱼尾巴上两个气球状的腔体。

作为一个室(室)的扩张,它弯向一边,然后当汽车水推到其他渠道,通读文章第三段内容可知作者通过本段讲述了SoFi是如何运转工作的。

可知答案为D。

4.主旨大意题。

通读全文可知本文讲述的是麻省理工学院（MIT）的研究人员研发出一款机器鱼—SoFi,研制该款机器鱼的目的是在产生最小的破坏性的前提下，能够近距离的观察所有的水下生物。

可知答案为A。

【答案】5.A 6.B 7.A 8.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲述了美国马里兰州的一个男孩和他的妹妹参加了一个由非盈利性的Rube Goldberg组织举办的比赛，制造了这样一台机器，它能够把一块肥皂丢到某人手上，解决了孩子们洗手难的问题。

5.推理判断题。

根据文章第三段Every year, the Rube Goldberg competition assigns a specific task, considering inventions that use complex systems to carry out a simple everyday task.（每年，鲁布·戈德堡竞赛都会分配一个特定的任务，考虑使用复杂系统来完成简单日常任务的发明。

）可推知，A项：sweeping the floor(扫地)属于简单的日常任务。

故选A。

6.细节理解题。

根据文章第四段But with schools closed to slow the spread of the virus, organizers changed the rules. This year, the team can include any family members and people were asked to send in recordings of the machines to compete.（但随着学校关闭以减缓病毒传播，组织者改变了规则。

今年，参赛队伍可以包括任何家庭成员，参赛人员被要求提交参赛机器的录音。

）和第五段With their video demonstration, they can now enter the competition.（有了视频演示，他们现在可以参加比赛了。

）可知，参赛视频有资格参赛。

故选B。

7.推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段She said that “creativity and play” connects with children. It is better than the message. “We have to wash our hands because of this horrible virus”. Glowinski added.（她说，“创造力和游戏”与孩子们联系在一起。

它比信息更好。

“因为这种可怕的病毒，我们必须洗手”。

Glowinski补充道。

）可推知，Dr. Anne Glowinski认为这个发明很实用。

故选A。

8.推理判断题。

根据文章第一段But what if washing hands was connected to a fun creative activity? What if instead of simply reaching for the soap, a machine could drop it right into your hands?（但是，如果洗手与一项有趣的创造性活动有关呢?如果不是简单地伸手去拿肥皂，一台机器可以直接把它扔到你的手上会怎么样?）可推知，作者的写作意图是介绍一项“让孩子有洗手的乐趣”的比赛。

故选D。

【答案】9. C 10.A 11.B 12.C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了英国的Bio-bean 公司回收咖啡渣垃圾，将其开发成咖啡原木燃料，达到了规模化量产，保护了环境。

9.推理判断题。

文中第一段首句Coffee chains create a lot of waste, from disposable take-away cups to the used grounds that are sent to landfills（咖啡连锁店产生了大量的废物，从一次性的外卖杯子到被送到垃圾填埋场的咖啡渣），以及第二段When they go to landfills, the grounds release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming（当咖啡渣进入垃圾填埋场时，会向大气中释放温室气体，导致全球变暖）可知，前两个自然段中，咖啡垃圾导致的污染以及全球变暖问题已经到了刻不容缓的地步，必须要采取措施来解决这个问题。

C选项（Measures should be taken to recycle coffee waste采取措施回收咖啡废料）符合以上推测，故选C项。

10.细节理解题。

由文中第三段最后一句They are finally processed into the fuel — Coffee Log（它们最终被加工成燃料，咖啡原木），以及第四段首句Coffee is highly calorific and lends itself to being a really fantastic fuel（咖啡的热量很高，它本身就是一种非常棒的燃料）可知，
在咖啡本身就是燃料，biobean公司将咖啡渣加工成类似于原木的燃料，因此，咖啡原木是一种固体燃料，A选项A solid fuel（一种固体燃料）符合题意，故选A项。

11.推理判断题。

文中第六段Founded in 2013 Bio-bean grew rapidly, launching coffee collection services across the UK and building the world's first coffee recycling factory only two years later.（Bio bean成立于2013年，发展迅速，在英国各地推出咖啡收集服务，仅两年后就建成了世界上第一家咖啡回收工厂）以及文中最后一段What started as a good idea is today the UK's largest recycler of coffee grounds(一开始是个好主意，如今是英国最大的咖啡渣回收商)可知，Bio-bean公司是近几年才成立，是世界第一家咖啡渣回收工厂，而且已经发展成英国最大的咖啡渣回收商。

由此判断出它是一个充满前景的咖啡渣回收商，故选B项。

12.词句猜测题。

最后一段We've really managed to succeed with our innovation because we've managed to get to scale. What started as a good idea is today the UK's largest recycler of coffee grounds.We are turning 7,000 tons of those grounds per year into the fuel（我们的创新真的成功了，因为我们成功地get to scale。

一开始是个好想法，如今是英国最大的咖啡渣回收商。

我们每年要把七千吨这些残渣变成燃料）可知，由此判断出，我们的创新真的成功了，达到了规模化生产，C选项Do mass production（大规模生产）符合题意，故选C项。

【答案】13. C 14.B 15.A 16.B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍湿地具有多种功能：保护生物多样性、调节径流、改善水质、调节气候以及提供食物及工业原料等，被称作“地球之肾”。

然而，天然湿地面积逐年都在减少，因此，拯救湿地迫在眉睫。

13．细节理解题。

根据文章第一段中的“They are digging into the area’s wheat fields，looking for wet earth that could hide lost ponds underneath. It takes the group of diggers just a few hours to revive (使复活) one dying pond. ”可知，那群人正在努力地拯救湿地，恢复垂死的池塘的生机。

故选C。

14．主旨大意题。

文章第四段说到“大约5000种依赖湿地生存的动物物种可能因为湿地丧失而灭绝。

湿地的丧失也会影响到人类。

湿地是水的天然储存区。

失去这些地区可能导致世界许多地区发生更严重的洪灾。

并且从湿地中抽水的行为会释放出大量的二氧化碳，这是造成气候变化的一个主要因素”。

由此可以推断，本段主要是介绍湿地丧失的严重后果。

故选B。

15．推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段中Stuart Pimm说的“But what they’ve done is destroy natural wetlands and create artificial ones... It makes it look like you’re doing no harm when the
reality is very different.(但是他们所做的就是破坏自然湿地，创造人工湿地，它使得它看起来你没有做任何伤害时，现实是非常不同的。

)”可以推断，Stuart Pimm认为人造湿地是不可能代替天然湿地的。

故选A。

16．主旨大意题。

通读全文尤其是根据文章前三段内容可知，本文主要是介绍湿地的重要性以及人们为了拯救湿地所作的努力等，因此B项“拯救世界湿地”为本文的最佳标题。

故选B。