Soughttoachieve试图实现

Defragmenting African Resource Management
(DARMA) :
The Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve of the Transkei/Wild Coast Region of South Africa
By
Frank Matose
Sought to achieve
Express our interest in Dwesa-Cwebe as a study area on community empowerment, natural resource utilisation, and sustainable development
Understand some of the issues in the Dwesa-Cwebe
Think about the expertise required to address these issues
Think about what our response to the issues should be Suggest a list of stakeholders who might be interested in forming a scientific network for the Dwesa-Cwebe
Sketch out the year’s events
Introduction
In June 2001 the Dwesa-Cwebe community was awarded their land claim, which constitutes a nature reserve, under the land restitution programme.
The Dwesa-Cwebe Land Trust owns this land on behalf of about 7 Communal Property Associations in the area.
Our interest in the Dwesa-Cwebe as a study area on community empowerment, natural resource utilisation, and sustainable development centres around the unresolved issues after land restitution in the area:
Background issues
The Eastern Cape Parks Board (ECPB) has a 20-year lease from the Dwesa-Cwebe Land Trust to carry out conservation activities on the 5,700 hectare land forming the Nature Reserve
The area outside the nature reserve has severe resource scarcities (for building materials, medicinal plants, grazing, etc) leading to resource harvesting pressure being transferred to the nature reserve
Even though the lease agreement provides for the possibility of some community use of resources inside the reserve there are unconfirmed reports that the community has largely been excluded
Background issues
One might be persuaded to believe these claims especially if there are also unconfirmed reports of fence-cutting and illegal resource exploitation by some members of the community
Background issues
The final settlement package included
R2.1 million consideration to cover lease in perpetuity,
R1.6 million as compensation for giving up residential rights and
maintaining the conservation status of land,
access to additional state development grants totalling some R14
million
Cottage lease fees of R1,750 per year
There seems to be a number of outstanding post-settlement issues in the Dwesa-Cwebe;
for instance, there are development projects which could have been funded from the compensation fund which had a potential of
diversifying people’s livelihoods away from biodiversity but have as yet been implemented by Amatole District Municipality
Background issues
The community itself seems to have problems as evidenced by the Land Trust membership allegedly having been changed in controversial circumstances
Case objectives
•We seek to evaluate the applicability of the bioregional approach to conservation – is the bioregional approach a way to defragment the management of resources in the Dwesa-Cwebe area?
•There seems to be a lot of conflicts at play in managing resources in the Dwesa-Cwebe area; the case seeks to provide a platform for the different actors to come together and possibly resolve conflicts
•The lease agreement is for a limited period of time and discussions about renewal will start in the near future; the case seeks to provide guidance as to whether the current problematic lease could be worked in a different way in the future
Here, too, there is no lack off tourism potential …
The Wild Coast is still mainly pristine in a way that
most of the rest of the South African coastline is not
Case objectives
We seek to understand an interesting institutional experiment which seems to be going on in the Dwesa-Cwebe
What are the institutional linkages? Which other bodies have
delegated which power? Is it good or bad when the ECPB gets the
powers from DWAF and MCM?
We seek to infer the generic lessons that the Dwesa-Cwebe case can offer, if any? It might be lessons on balancing nature conservation and community interests or lessons on the interaction between the institutions involved in conservation of the Dwesa-Cwebe sort?
Expertise required
The background and objectives give an idea of the expertise needed to execute this case study.
At least the following expertise is needed: Conservation planning
Sociology
Natural resource economics
Political science
Development economics
Ecology
Institutional mapping
Expertise on legal issues
Scientific meeting
The current meeting should serve at least two purposes:
constitute a scientific network for Dwesa-Cwebe
A network of people who are always ready to help contribute with
knowledge of managing resources in the Dwesa-Cwebe
A network of people to which any (new) information about managing
resources in Dwesa-Cwebe should be disseminated
organise reviews of the state of knowledge on managing resources in Dwesa-Cwebe
What kind of reviews should we have - discipline-based reviews or issues-based reviews?
How many reviews should we have?
What teams should be constituted to work on the reviews? The terms of reference for the reviews will be set at the first meeting. It should be
remembered that the eventual output should be a cross-disciplinary
review.
The idea of setting up a scientific network
The effective management of resources in Dwesa-Cwebe on a continuous basis requires contribution from a number of stakeholders with varied expertise
One way of ensuring that there is ongoing interaction between these stakeholders is to constitute a scientific network for Dwesa-Cwebe
A network of people who are always ready to help contribute with
knowledge of managing resources in the Dwesa-Cwebe
A network of people to which any (new) information about managing
resources in Dwesa-Cwebe should be disseminated
The stakeholders
•The preliminary list of candidates for the network is as follows:
•Department of Rural Development and Land Reform •Marine and Coastal Management (MCM)
–Alan Boyd, Nobusika Mpongoma
•Regional Land Claims Commission
•Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs (DEDEA)
•Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD)
–Felix Hopson
•Amatole District Municipality
–Msimelelo Tshangana
The network
•Eastern Cape Parks Board (ECPB)
–Dave Balfour, Bev Geach, Mazwi Mukhilisi, Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve park rangers
•Eastern Cape Tourism Board (ECTB)
•Dwesa-Cwebe Communal Property Association •Dwesa-Cwebe Land Trust
•Transkei Land Services Organisation (TRALSO) •Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC) •Eastern Cape Economic Development Council
–Zolile Ntshona
The network
•Walter Sisulu University
–Sizwe Cawe
–Centre for Rural Development (Peggy Nomfundo Luswazi) •Rhodes University
–Sheona Shackleton, Charles Shackleton, Robin Palmer, Peter Britz, James Gambiza
•University of Cape Town
–Edwin Muchapondwa, Frank Matose
•James Feely
•Bill Davies
•Div de Villiers
•Traditional leadership (chiefs, headman)
Activities to date
Reviews.
The intersection of resources and livelihoods, the
pressures on resources both inside and outside the nature reserve (Muchapondwa, Cawe, Mkhulisi)
Resource governance around Dwesa-Cwebe (Ntshona,
Kraai, Mkhulisi, Matose)
Legal rights over land inside and outside the nature reserve (Frank, Novuyisa, Xolelwa Goci, Mcebisi Kraai, Zolile, Xoliswa, Brian King) Land rights/reform, conservation and knowledge issues
(Frank, Ntsebeza, Fay ,Palmer, Sarr)
2011 Activities
In-depth studies by post-graduate students
Tsawu- review of the co-mgmt
Vice – food security around the nature reserve
Mungwari – global environmental changes and adaptive strategies of local fishing communities
Kraai – MPAs impact of Local level livelihoods in Dwesa-Cwebe
Stakeholders meeting and research framework Participatory action research。