132陈述句疑问句祈使句和感叹句

questions 4.There is someone doing research in this field.
↘ There isn’t anybody doing research in this field. 5.I have quite a lot to do in the morning.
15
特殊疑问句
• 特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词就句中某一部分提问 的问句，句末用降调或低升调，答问者针对特殊 疑问词回答。
• 特殊疑问句也可称为“wh”-questions，因为它们 多数都以who，whom，whose，what，which， where， when，how，why等这类词开头。
16
特殊疑问词
分为两类：疑问代词和疑问副词。
疑问代词： •who (谁，作主语) •whose (谁的) •which (哪个)
疑问副词： •when (何时) •why (为什么)
whom (谁，作宾语) what (什么)
how(怎样，如何) where (哪里)
17
特殊疑问词
其他：
•How old: 多大,询问年龄 •How much/many: 多少, 询问数量 •How far: 多远, 询问距离 •How long: 多长、多久, 询问时间的长度或距离 •How often: 多长时间一次, 询问频率 •How soon: 多久, 询问时间
• 一般疑问句句末用升调或降升调，答话者用 功能词简略回答。
10
一般疑问句的构成
• 谓语动词中原来有功能词时将功能词 移至句首；
• 原来无功能词时，则在句首加特殊功 能词do, does, did。
11
Note：
• 在把肯定句改成一般疑问句的时候, 要注意句中是否 有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果 有某些情况下也必须进行改变：
- Go down the street and turn left at the second corner?
A. how B. what C. where D. who
2. - ___C___ is a ticker for the film Hacker He?
- About forty Yuan .
•7. I am getting on well with it. How are you getting on with it?
•8. I wash it twice a week . How often do you wash it?
•9. He will be back in four days . How soon will he be back?
6. —___A___? —I’ve got a headache and a cough.
•She went there to see him very often. •She did not go there to see him very often.
7
EXERCISE:将肯定陈述句变为否定陈述句
1.Some of us have finished it already. ↘ Some of us have not finished it yet.
• Who has borrowed my bike？ - Jack. - Jack has borrowed your bike.
• Where is he？ - At the office. - He is at对画线部分进行提问: •1． They bought a new bike yesterday. What did they buy yesterday？ •2． She is a nurse . What is she？ •3． I am looking for my sister . Who is she? •4． I get up at six . When do you get up? •5． I am from Hubei . Where are you from? •6． I went to school late because I got up late. Why are you late?
•She will return at ten o’clock. → When will she return？
•He comes from China. → Where does he come from？
21
特殊疑问句的回答
• 回答特殊疑问句时，不能用 yes ／ no，即问什么答什 么，尤其是简略回答。在回答时，可以用一个词或词 组，也可以用一个较为完整的句子。
概述
句子根据功能划分可分为四种基本句式： ① 陈述句； ② 疑问句； ③ 祈使句； ④ 感叹句。
2
Part 1: 陈述句
• 陈述事实或看法的句子称为陈述句。 • 陈述句又可分为肯定句和否定句，分
别陈述肯定和否定的事实或看法。
3
肯定句
• 陈述句在肯定事实时采用不同程度的肯定 口气。人们在肯定某项事实时往往采用一 些委婉的词语，使说话人的态度更有礼貌。
14
Exercises:
• 将下列陈述句变成一般疑问句： 1. She wore a long white dress on her birthday party last year. • Did she wear a long white dress on her birthday party last year?
2. Somebody has already taken the rubbish away from the classroom. • Has anybody taken the rubbish away from the classroom yet?
3. They will do something special to make the musical evening more successful. • Will they do anything special to make the musical evening more successful?
• 但在一些疑问句中表示很委婉的请求，建议，或者如果问句是希 望得到肯定回答，或邀请别人吃东西，则用some,不用any。
• Would you like some apples? • Would you like some milk? • Can I ask you some questions?
•10. I didn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill . Why didn’t you come to class yesterday? 23
Exercises:
1. - Excuse me __C____ is the nearest bookshop ?
4
否定句
• 否定陈述句主要用来表示否定意向 或提出对比，分为带否定词not的 否定句和带其他否定词的否定句。
5
否定句的构成
1、在功能词后加否定词not：
这样的功能词有：be (is, am, are, was, were), have (has, had), do (does, did), shall (should), will (would), can (could), may (might), must, ought, need, dare等。
•The computer is in the teacher’s room. → What is in the teacher’s room？
20
特殊疑问句的语序
特殊疑问词对其他成分提问时用倒装语序。
即：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句【特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词 +主语+谓语/表语（+其他）】
•→ I can see a dog in the picture. What can you see in the picture？
13
Note:
• 用 may 引导的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用 can′t 或mustn′t;
• 用 must 引导的问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回答 用needn′t.
• May I go to the park now? • Yes, you may. / No, you mustn′t. • Must I wash my clothes now? • Yes, you must. / No, you needn′t.
A. How much B. How soon C. How long D. How far 5. ___B___? It’s eight.
A. What day is it
B. What’s five and three
C. How old are you D. What’s your telephone number
18
特殊疑问句的结构
特殊疑问句的结构一般为：
•特殊疑问词+一般疑问句； •即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 +谓语/表语+(其他)
19
特殊疑问句的语序
特殊疑问词对主语及其定语提问时用陈述语序。
•Tom is in the room. → Who is in the room？
•This girl will be in the sports meeting. → Which girl will be in the sports meeting？
A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often
3. - —___D___ are you going? — I’m going to the library.
A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where
4. It’s a nice car. ___D___ have you been in it? - Just to Shanghai.
Note：
• 一般情况下,一般疑问句肯定句中用some,否定和疑问句中用any. • I’d been expecting some letters the whole morning, but there weren’t any for
me. • Do you have any friends at school?
•I have not / haven’t said such foolish words before. •He does not / doesn’t mean to hurt your feeling.
6
否定句的构成
2、若谓语动词中原无功能词，则加特殊功能词 do, does, did。
•This material conducts electricity. •This material does not conduct electricity.
2.I told somebody something. ↘ I didn’t tell anybody anything.
3.I can understand both of these two questions. ↘ I cannot understand either of these two
↘ I never have much to do in the morning.
Part 2: 疑问句
• 疑问句是指提出问题，请对方回答的句 子。疑问句句末要用问号。
• 按结构可分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊 疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
9
一般疑问句
• 一般疑问句是用yes或no回答的问句，故也可 称为“yes-no” 疑问句（是否型疑问句）。
• already要改成yet； • some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、
anybody等。
• There is some water on the playground. → Is there any water on the playground?
12