数词和冠词的翻译

此地无银三百两。
A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence.
那大汉已有七八分醉。(《水浒传》)
Now the big fellow was already half-drunken.
等他们赶来增援时，已是“正月十五贴门神，晚了半月啦”。
4
比较：
这种场景会很悦目的。
The scene will please the eye.
她想方设法训练青年学生的听力。
She tried to train the ear of young students.
某些表示人体部位的名词前需加定冠词
某些表示工具、容器等意义的名词前要加定冠词
文强于武。
The pen is mightier than the sword.
01.
我们的折叠桌是个很方便的家具。
02.
摄影是一种艺术。
03.
他以幽默大师闻名，但他现在没有什么幽默了。
04.
在村与村之间，你几乎看不到一个人。
05.
少校真诚地喜欢并尊敬他的嫂嫂。
+a/an
drill
Our folding table is a great convenience.
Photography is an art.
汤姆很喜欢喝酒。
Tom is too fond of the bottle.
从生到死
from the cradle to the grave
独一无二的事物前和专有名词中要用定冠词
500年来，中国的戏剧有了很大的发展。
The past five centuries witnessed great development in Chinese drama.
他的数学在班上是首屈一指的。
His math is second to none in his class.
每次我们闲聊，她十有八九要说到你。 She talks about you nine times out of ten when we have a chat. 三五中秋夕，清游拟上元。（《红楼梦》） Mid-autumn’s fifteenth night is here again. As on the feast of lanterns we stroll round.
2 表示种类或部分概念
一种宁静的幸福充满了他的心田。
01

A serene happiness filled his heart.
02
她干工作有惊人的坚忍不拔的毅力。
03
She did her work with a perseverance that was truly amazing.
04
3 添加不定冠词表示具有某种品质的人或物 百岁以上的人是很少见的。 A man over a hundred years old is a rarity. 这种红黄纹路的贝壳真是稀奇物。 This red and yellow striped seashell is quite a curiosity.
一、保持原来数字不变
十几个
几十个
几十年
七十好几了
亿万
More than…/ no more than twenty
Dozens of
Decades
Well over seventy
Hundreds of millions of
一些笼统数字的翻译
翻译磨刀石（数字直译）
一个中心，两个基本点 四项基本原则 和平共处五项原则 他们俩每人有十个孩子。 一鸟在手，胜于百鸟在林。
对于人性，我有研究，略知一二。
你不该对此事说三道四。
此乃千载难逢的好机会，你一定要抓住。
别三心二意了，就这么办吧。
五大三粗
不管三七二十一。
六神无主
翻译磨刀石(意译)
key
1 I have studied human nature, and I know a thing or two. 2 You should not have said anything about the matter. 3 You must seize the chance. It’s a chance of lifetime. (very rare chance) 4 Don’t be wavering. Go right ahead. 5 big and tall 6 do something regardless of the consequences 7 restless （in a state of utter stupefaction）
翻译活动中，总有一些数词在语法。语言形式上都不符合译文的表达习惯和文化背景，无法找到对等的词来翻译，这时该省则省，但译文在联想意义上应该和原文一致。如：
身怀六甲：
To be pregnant
三、省略数词
Examples:
六街三市 六亲 六畜 万紫千红 一诺千金 九死一生
Downtown area All one’s relatives and friends (Six) domestic animals A variety of color A promise that will be kept A narrow escape from death (a near escape /go)
普及工作若是停留在一个水平上……那么教育者和被教育者岂不都是半斤八两？
If popularization remains at the same level for ever…will not those educators and those being educated be six of one and half a dozen of the other?
汉语动词转化成英语抽象名词时，或使用there be结构时，注意根据上下文和语法需要添加不定冠词
3
2
4
1
气温突然下降。
There has been an outbreak of measles in town.
There was a sudden fall in temperature.
城里发生了麻疹病。
倍数增加
表示A 的大小是B 的N倍，或者A比B大N-1倍：
A is N times as great (long, much) as B.
A is N times greater (longer, more) than B.
A is N times the size (length, amount) of B.
One central task and two basic points The four cardinal principles The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Both of them have ten children. (each?) A bird in the hand is better than a hundred in the woods.
key
这起犯罪行为很快被发现了。
1
犯罪行为在增加。
2
The crime was soon discovered.
3
Crime is increasing.
4
比较：
二、补足定冠词、限定词
你觉得这音乐怎样？
1
他的工作是制作音乐。
2
What do you think of the music?
3
His work is to compose music.
You look as if you grew ten inches in the night.
一寸光阴一寸金。
An inch of time is (worth) an inch of gold.
你故意淹死两千两百个小工，每一个小工的性命你扣三百钱。
You drowned 2200 coolies in cold blood, and for each life, you raked in 300 dollars.
一些序数词的翻译
”
你们队得了第几名？
Did your team win the championship?
这个孩子是你的老几啊？
Is this your oldest / youngest child?
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
Once bitten, twice shy. (套译)
三思而后行。
Look before you leap. (套译)
He was famed as a wit, but he has no wit now.
You saw hardly a soul between the villages.
The major had a sincere liking and regard for his sister-in-law.
数词和冠词的翻译
单击此处添加副标题
考考大家：
几个 A few; several; a number of 好几百个 Hundreds of 几十万 Hundreds of thousands of
成千上万 Thousands of 这是你第几次来杭州？ Is this your first visit to Hangzhou? 我十分愿意回答这个问题。 I feel more than happier to answer this question.
倍数的翻译
这本书比那本书厚两倍。
This book is three times as thick as (three times thicker than) that one.
注：当相比对象B很明显时，英语中的than (as, of)B常被省略。
汉译英时要注意冠词的适当添加。
定冠词（the）、不定冠词(a/an)、零冠词
数词通常用来表达精确的数目和数量，翻译过程中“一就是一，二就是二”不能含糊。
01
然而，在一定的语境中，数字已经失去了精确的概念，变得抽象、模糊、笼统，如在“三思而后行”、“百战百胜”中，数词已不再表达原先的精确数值，翻译这样的数据时，就不能死抠数字本身。
02
第一节、数词的翻译
你好像一夜之间长高了十英寸。
第二节、活用英语冠词
一、补足不定冠词 a/an
补充a/an表示次数概念 我有权要求你对你的话作一番解释。 I have a right to demand an explanation of your words. 做了一番视察 To make an inspection of 进行一场辩论 To have an argument with
But they were too late for a rescue.
有些商场的售货员态度冷若冰霜，拒人千里之外。
Shop assistants in some markets are frosty in manner, repelling customers from a distance.
百闻不如一见。
乱七八糟
沧海一粟/不足挂齿/不值一提/九牛一毛
一个巴掌拍不响。
孤注一掷
一不做，二不休
一失足成千古恨
翻译磨刀石
key
1 Seeing is believing. 2 at sixes and sevens 3 a drop in the bucket 4 It takes two to make a quarrel. 5 to put all one’s eggs in one basket 6 In for a penny, in for a pound. or One may as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb. 7 A hundred years cannot repair a moment’s loss of honor. or A single slip may cause lasting sorrow.
有的数据无法直译，如一些一语双关的歇后语，以及字面意义和实际意义完全不符的成语和俗语等。有的数词虽然可以直译，但与译入语的表达习惯不协调，易引起歧义。
这些情况下，只好牺牲某些形式上的特点，结合上下文的内容和译入语的习惯，采取意译法，酌情改变数字。
二、改变原来的数字
他买了24本杂志。
He has bought two dozen magazines.