【英语】高二必备英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧全解及练习题(含答案)及解析

【英语】高二必备英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧全解及练习题(含答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.
The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen "at risk" patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: "I am so excited about this form of technology." Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. "I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare."
The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.
He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. "This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient." Prof Young said, "Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier."
（1）What does the underlined phrase "screen" in Paragraph2 mean?
A. comfort
B. treat
C. spot
D. nurse
（2）How do supercomputers help save lives?
A. By storing blood samples.
B. By analyzing patients' cases.
C. By observing changes in blood cells.
D. By assisting doctors with their operations.
（3）Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?
A. To show the influence of AI.
B. To stress the importance of health care.
C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers.
D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.
（4）What do we know about the new technology?
A. It helps patients recover earlier.
B. It has helped save thousands of lives.
C. It will promote the health service greatly.
D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. ”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。

此处screen意为“筛查”。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Compu ters assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare." 杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier." 可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctor's office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it's high time for the model of short, sharp one-to-one appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs共享医疗预约).
SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling (咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.
However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, "The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their
appointment is, and what the expectation is."
"So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow and develop some experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next."
（1）What is the purpose of the SMA approach?
A. To improve medical service.
B. To promote doctors' reputation.
C. To conduct medical research.
D. To meet patients' expectation.
（2）According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted?
A. Personal service.
B. Fixed ideas.
C. Lack of equipment.
D. Shared goals.
（3）What can the underlined "buy-in" in Paragraph 4 be replaced by?
A. practice
B. organization
C. purchase
D. support
（4）What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph?
A. It is currently being questioned.
B. It is impractical in some areas.
C. It will enjoy wide popularity soon.
D. It should be carried out step by step.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMAs (共享医疗预约) 模式，以及这种模式
面临的挑战。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMA provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.”可知SMAs模
式为患者提供了更长的预约时间，也为患者提供了更好地与医生接触的机会，同时还能从
同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。

这说明SAMs的出现是为患者提供更好的医疗服务。

故
选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, …… personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challeng e to those fixed ideas.”可知Dr. Sumego认为，文化转变是最大的挑战。

医生和护士接受的是
针对个人服务和隐私的培训; SMAs方法是对这些固定想法的根本挑战。

也就是说，改变这
些已经固定的想法是一种挑战，所以这些固定的想法会阻碍SMAs模式的推广，故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments，I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians”
可知如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始
他们的buy-in，根据语境，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the… appointments and the next.”可知如果一个组织要开始SMAs，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始，开发一些流程，积累一些经验。

制定一些标准，以便随着概念的推广，他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到下下次。

这说明SMAs的实施需要一步一步来，不会一步到位。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解
Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).
Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning.
RMIT's Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.”
The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected.
“If math doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer.
Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.
Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered?
A. The relationship between brain size and brain power.
B. Long-term rules and short term working memory.
C. Bees can perform complex arithmetic operations.
D. Bees can do basic mathematics.
（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees' numerical cognition ________.
A. requires addition and subtraction two complex processing
B. has a possible effect on the future development of AI
C. only involves their short-term working memory
D. calls for a lot of maths knowledge
（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest?
A. Bees can recogize the exact number.
B. Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.
C. Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.
D. Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of Bees
B. New Findings About Bees Having Numerical Cogintion
C. Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of Processing
D. The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。

”可知，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“If math doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve ra pid AI learning of new problems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动，从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习，可知，Adrian Dyer认为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异，并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。

但是数字认知，比如精确的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的处理。

可知，新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂
也列入了这一名单。

”故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.
The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.
It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it's worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.
Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren't found guilty.
Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn't stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.
（1）What does the new study show?
A. People wearing glasses are smarter.
B. People wearing glasses are healthier.
C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.
D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.
（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Shift.
B. Link.
C. Proof.
D. Consequence.
（3）Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?
A. Because it can create a moral image.
B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.
C. Because it can highlight clients' qualities.
D. Because it can prove the clients' innocence.（4）What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion?
A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Mixed
D. Indifferent.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“People who d o not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I'm a slightly different person in each of my languages-more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I'm using at the time?
Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using
their native tongue.
In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the "trolley problem": imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?
Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.
Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking-one of these, a quick, natural "feeling," and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult activity.
An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.
There's strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.（1）What does "this question" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. What contributes to one's language improvements?
B. Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?
C. Does the language one uses influence one's moral judgments?
D. How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?
（2）When the "trolley problem" was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to .
A. care less about the five people
B. pull the switch to the side tracks
C. remain hesitant about what to do
D. sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge
（3）The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .
A. consideration
B. guidance
C. selection
D. arrangement
（4）What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A.Bilingual people are less emotional than others.
B.Native language learning involves greater emotions.
C.Childhood memories limit foreign language learning.
D.Academic settings promote foreign language learning.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明我呢，最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考和用母语思考时的反应确实不同。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.”可知，最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考的反应和他们的母语思考的反应确实是不同的。

所以此问题指的是一个人使用的语言会影响他的道德判断吗？故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“But Cost a and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents worki ng in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.”可知，志愿者们用已经学会的外语来表达这种两难境地时，极大地增加了他们将牺牲者推下人行桥的意愿。

分别与D选择项中的sacrifice和 footbridge分别对应。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的“According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competi ng ways of thinking­one of these, a quick, natural ’feeling‘,"这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式-一种是快速、自然的"感觉"，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑。

故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的”An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings.“ 母语和外语之间的差异是因为我们的童年语言比在学术环境中学习的语言更充满感情，和最后一段中的”By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. “后天习得的语言，缺乏母语者所具有的情感。

所以说，母语学习包含更多的情感。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Benefits and Problems of Genetic Engineering
Plant breeding is the science of changing the characteristics of plants in order to produce
desired ones. Genes in a plant are what determine what type of characteristics it will have. Plant breeders try to create a specific outcome of plants and potentially new plant varieties by changing the genes of the plants through breeding, which is making new plants from parents of different varieties or species.
Actually, plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years, since near the beginning of human civilization. It is practiced worldwide by individuals such as gardeners and farmers and by professional plant breeders employed by organizations such as government institutions, universities, crop-specific industry associations or research centers. They have crossbred plants to create the new types of plants that are, for example, bigger, stronger, or more attractive.
Crossbreeding can take such a long time, however, and it is inaccurate. Now, we can change exact sections of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), so the process is more accurate and faster. But people all over the world are arguing about its benefits and disadvantages. Some people use the technology to produce desired characteristics of plants and animals. Other people are concerned that the genetically engineered plants may harm the environment and worried that they may be dangerous for people to eat.
There are many reasons for changing plants in this way. International development agencies believe that breeding new crops is important for ensuring food security by developing new varieties that are higher yielding(高产的), disease resistant, drought tolerant or regionally adapted to different environments and growing conditions. For example, some genetically engineered plants can live through frost or draught. As a result, famers can make more profit because fewer plants will die.
Some genetically engineered plants are more nutritious. They have less fat, taste better or stay fresher than non-genetically engineered plants. This will allow people to buy better-quality fruit and vegetables.
Some genetically engineered plants can resist natural pests such as viruses or insects. This reduces the amount of chemical needed to kill pests, which is helpful to the environment.
However, genetically engineered plants can cause unexpected problems. Genetically engineered plants that resist pests may pass on that characteristic to a wild relative. This may cause the wild plant to spread fast, because pests are not naturally killing it.
Genetically engineered plants can also harm animals. A type of corn has been developed which kills a species of insect that destroys it. The pollen (花粉) from this corn, however, can also kill monarch butterflies—the most beautiful of all butterflies, which do not harm the corn.
To ensure the most adapted varieties are identified, advocates of organic breeding now promote the use of direct selection for many desired characteristics.
Genetic engineering is a very new science and we have a lot to learn about the good it can do and the damage it can cause. The main concern is that not enough tests are being done to ensure it is safe.
（1）According to the passage, the purpose of plant breeding is to .
A. beautify the environment
B. change the genes of plants
C. produce new plant varieties
D. assess the value of the practice
（2）The author thinks crossbreeding inaccurate because .
A. the sections of DNA are changed
B. problems are sometimes caused
C. manpower and resources are wasted
D. animals are produced using the technology （3）The author's attitude toward crossbreeding is .
A. doubtful
B. disapproving
C. objective
D. supportive
（4）Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
Sp：Sub-point （次要点） C：Conclusion
I：Introduction Cp：Central Point P：Point
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，基因工程是一门非常新的科学，关于它能带来的好处和它能造成的破坏，我们有很多东西要学习。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Plant breeders try to create a specific outcome of plants and potentially new plant varieties by changing the genes of the plants through breeding, which is making new plants from parents of different varieties or specie s.“植物育种家试图通过育种改变植物的基因来创造植物和潜在的新植物品种的特定结果，即从不同品种或物种的亲本培育新植物，可知植物育种的目的是生产新的植物品种，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第四段中的”However, genetically engineered plants can cause unexpected problems.“可知作者认为杂交是错误的，是因为有时会产生问题，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”Genetic engineering is a very new science and we have a lot to learn about the good it can do and the damage it can cause. The main concern is that not enough tests are being done to ensure it is safe.“基因工程是一门非常新的科学，关于它能带来的好处和它能造成的破坏，我们有很多东西要学习。

主要的问题是没有进行足够的测试来确保它是安全的。

由此推断出，作者对杂交的态度是客观的，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

第一段引出了基因工程这个话题，接下来从三个方面说明了基因工程的益处，又从两个方面阐述了基因工程的弊端，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Orthopedic pillows are not just like any other ordinary pillow. These products are specially made to fulfill a specific function.
People buy orthopedic pillows for several reasons. Sometimes people buy this type of pillow because their doctor has specifically recommended them to do so as part of a treatment and management plan for neck, back, or bone problems. In recent years, people have become more aware of the science behind orthopedic pillows, which accounts for the increase in the popularity of these pillows. There has been a lot of available orthopedic pillow information for anyone interested. The science behind these pillows has also advanced significantly over the years, which means that orthopedic pillows are now more effective and useful than ever.
Orthopedic pillows help you maintain the right gesture. While traditional pillows may be very comfortable, they do not necessarily promote the proper gesture as you sleep, which is proved to be important for your health. It also helps you avoid waking up with a host of body aches and pains. Among the most common causes of back and neck pains is sleeping without adequate support. Orthopedic pillows can provide you with the necessary support that will keep these kinds of body pains away. The pillow is specifically designed to conform to the natural contours (轮廓) of your body, thus ensuring that your skeletal structure is kept in proper alignment (直线) throughout the night and that no part of your body is subjected to too much pressure, which leads to pain.
Of course, it is understandable that you may find an orthopedic pillow a bit uncomfortable the first time you use it, but that is true with any new experience. The materials used in manufacturing these pillows are ideal for the kind of sleep that you are looking for.
Just like any product in the market, there is a disadvantage to an orthopedic pillow as well. They are usually more expensive than traditional pillows. But, if you treat the purchase as an investment on your health, it may be a lot easier for you to part with the cash.
（1）What makes orthopedic pillows increasingly popular?
A. People's worries about sleep loss.
B. Doctors' specific recommendation.
C. The advancement of medical sciences.
D. Their good effects on decreasing back and neck pains.
（2）Orthopedic pillows are superior to traditional pillows mainly in that ________.
A. materials used in orthopedic pillows are much more ideal
B. orthopedic pillows promote the proper sleeping posture
C. orthopedic pillows may make sleepers more comfortable
D. people's body pains will be cured by using orthopedic pillows
（3）What causes body pains when one is sleeping according to the passage?。