非谓语

(3).有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词， 其意义基本相同，区别不大。如；like，love，hate， delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)， prefer．omit(省略)，begin，start. The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed. I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday. 注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词 为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。 When we came in, they were beginning to have supper. After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……； mean doing：意味着，就是 I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings， I meant to call on you, but I was so busy. Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class. C．stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事， 不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干……，动名词 作宾语。 After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest. After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.

When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already. When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed. 4．做表语： 不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以 和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它 们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表 语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒， 可以回答how的问题。 Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Cleaning offices is her job.)
非谓语动词
(一)非谓语动词在句中的成分 不定式几乎可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分，动 名词起名词的作用。现在分词和过去分词起形容词和 副词的作用。
语法特征 名词特征 意义特征 形容词特征 副词特征
主语
宾语
同位语
表语
宾语补语
表 语
定语
状语
不定式
主观性具体性一次性将来性
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动名词
客观性抽象性一般性经验性பைடு நூலகம்

G．动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单 宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。 Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health. The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room. Parking is forbidden here.=Any cars not permitted to park here.

3．做宾补： 不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的 行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为， 亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以 表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动 意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。 When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. I often hear her sing songs in English in her room. They had the lights burning all night long. I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now. The mother will have the doctor examine her son again. Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.

These young trees require looking after. The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over) A Mr. Wang wants to see you. You don't need to leave so early. F．go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另 一件事，不定式作目的状语。 go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作 宾语。 After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story. After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems.

Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.) The news is very exciting.(How is the news?) They are very tired after a long walk. The door is locked now. The children are well dressed these days. 5．做定语： 不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先 行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分 词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义；过去分词做定 语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定

义。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide， promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn， plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare， fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect， long，(happen，seem)，等等。 He refused to speak on the radio. He desired to see you． (2)．.有些动词只接动名词做宾语，这些动词接 上动名词，含有明显的"依据往事或经验来作出理解 和判断"的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest， permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike， keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape， admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。
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现在分词
主动正在进行
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过去分词
被动完成
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副词特征作状语
意义特征 目的 时间 原因 条件 结果 让步 伴随或方式
不定式
主观性，将来性
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现在分词
主动，正在进行
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过去分词
被动，完成
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(二)非谓语动词在同一成分中用法的辨析 1．做主语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时， 表示客观性、一般性行为为多用动名词表示，而表 示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。 Looking after children is her job. To clean the classroom is his job today. 2．做宾语： I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well. (1)．有些动词只能接不定式做宾语，这些动词 接上不定式，含有明显的主观性和将来性意

D．try：try to do，努力，试图干……事；try doing：试 着干……事 He searched everywhere and tried to find his key. He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job. The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself. They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again. E．want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，表 示"需要、该……"；接不定式，表示"想，要干……" The room wants cleaning. The bike requires repairing.

(4).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意 义有很大区别，须特别注意： A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意 义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义： Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before. Don't forget to write to me soon. I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time. I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔 干……事) I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice. I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)

短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like， insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等 短语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等 The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river. She can't stand having nothing to do at home. His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking. All the family insisted on my staying with them a few days longer. It's no good learning without practicing. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.