高三英语二轮复习 专题限时检测(二十二)阅读理解词义

专题限时检测(二十二) 阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题(加★的为单词意义猜测题，本卷限时23分钟)A(2015·徐州市高三考前信息卷)Sometimes, we really want a chocolate bar or a cool sparkling drink. We usually have one, perhaps thinking, “My body really needs it！” But are you sure it’s really a demand from your body? It might just be bacteria in your stomach “cheating” you into thinking that way, scientists say.Our gut and stomach are home to 10,000 species of bacteria which get energy from our half­digested lunches. In return, they help us break down food and k eep harmful bacteria out, The Atlantic reported. But a recent article in US journal Bio Essays suggests that these bacteria might tell us what to do and demand certain kinds of foods. The article, written by researchers from the University of New Mexico and the University of California, San Francisco, says that bacteria in our gut and stomach change our eating behavior to increase their fitness. For example, bacteria that specialize in sugar make us want sweet food. If we don’t give them what they want, they worry our minds until we eat sweet foods. The bacteria have some strategies to make us “listen” to them, the article suggests. They may change the expression of our taste receptors, making certain foods taste better. They may release hormones to make us feel hungry. Or they may use the vagus nerve (迷走神经), which connects the stomach to the brain, to control our eating behavior. In other words, our brain and moods might be hostages held by a hijacker called bacteria.Food Previous studies, however, told a d ifferent story. Craving is “all in our heads”，Science Daily once reported. When people desire a specific food, they keep imagining vivid images of that food, so that they have no brain power for any other task.To reduce our desire for a chocolate bar, we need to focus our minds on other tasks, Science Daily said. For example, trying to imagine images of common sights or smells could kick those food images out of our minds. How about trying to imagine a rainbow instead? If that doesn’t work for us, at least we can use bacteria as a convenient excuse —“I need a can of soda, not for me, but for my gut bacteria！”1．What do bacteria in your gut and stomach do, according to the article?a．break down foodb．connect the stomach to the brainc．block out harmful bacteriad．change your eating behaviorA．ac B．cd C．abc D．acd2．What are the bacteria’s strategies to make people satisfy their needs?A．They may change the way that the vagus nerve works.B．They may make people feel hungry and think some foods are tastier than others.C．They may change people’s facial expressions when eating some foods.D．They may release some hormones to disturb people’s digestion systems.★3.The underlined word “Craving” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．imagination B．feelingC．eagerness D．emotion4．To reduce our strong desire for a specific kind of food, we are advised to ________ .A．sing songs about rainbowsB．make ourselves full by eating other foodC．imagine images of more inviting foodsD．make our minds busy with other tasksB(2015·盐城三模)High­tech glasses developed at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis may help surgeons visualize cancer cells, which glow blue when viewed through the eyewear. Cancer cells are notoriously difficult to see, even under high­powered magnification. The glasses are designed to make it easier for surgeons to distinguish cancer cells from healthy cells, helping to ensure that no tumor cells are left behind during surgery.“We’re in the early stages of this technology, and more development and testing will be done, but we’re certainly encouraged by the potential benefits to patients，” said breast surgeon Julie Margenthaler, MD, an associate professor of surgery at Washington University. “Imagine what it would me an if these glasses got rid of the need for follow­up surgery and the associated pain, inconvenience and anxiety.”Current standard of care requires surgeons to remove the tumor and some neighboring tissue that may or may not include cancer cells. The samples are sent to a pathology(病理) lab and viewed under a microscope. If cancer cells are found in neighboring tissue, a second surgery is often recommended to remove additional tissue that is also checked for the presence of cancer.The glasses could reduce the need for additional surgical procedures and following stress on patients, as well as time and expense.Margenthaler said about 20 to 25 percent of breast cancer patients who have lumps removed require a second surgery because current technology doesn’t adequately show the extent of the disease during the first operation.“Our hope is that this new technology will reduce or ideally eliminate the need for a second surgery，” she said.In a study published in the Journal of Biomedical Optics, researchers noted that tumors as small as 1 mm in diameter (the thickness of about 10 sheets of paper) could be detected.Ryan Fields, MD, a Washington University assistant professor of surgery and surgeon of Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, plans to wear the glasses later this month when he operates to remove a melanoma from a patient. He said he welcomes the new technology, which theoretically could be used to visualize any type or cancer.“A limitation of surgery is that it’s not always clear to the naked eye the distinction between normal tissue and cancerous tissue，” Fields said.“With the glasses developed by Samuel Achilefu, PhD, professor of Washington University, we can better identify the tissue that must be removed.”5．The ultimate goal of developing the new technology is ________.A．to distinguish cancer cells from healthy onesB．to inspire hope for life in cancer patientsC．to make sure no cancer cell is left behindD．to reduce the risk of cancer surgery★6.The underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 5 is closes t in meaning to ________.A．meet B．remove C．feel D．resist7．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The glasses are developed by Ryan Fields and Samuel Achilefu.B．The glasses glow blue when finding tissues including cancer cells.C．Tumors as small as 1 cm in diameter could be detected by the glasses.D．Much remains to be done before the technology can be widely used.8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Special glasses help surgeons “see” cancerB．A new technology has been used in surgeryC．Patients will benefit from a new technologyD．Cancer is no longer a threat to peopleC(2015·扬州中学高三检测)Rice wine has a history of more than 2,000 years as China’s favorite liquor and has been credited with having enhanced the health. But now native rice wine finds itself competing for market share with Western style fruit wine.Both foreign traders and local producers have in recent monthsobserved a remarkable rise in the popularity of wine in China,at least in the country’s more prosperous cities and coastalregions. There are several reasons for this. One has been asustained effort by the Chinese government to limit the use of staple grains (主食) for things as frivolous as spirits or beer. Another has been a lot of reports filtering out (过滤) via Hong Kong and Taiwan, citing scientific findings about red wine’s good effects on health in general and manliness in particular. Mr. St. Pierre, who imports Western wines to China, says that his red wines outsell his whites by 20 to 1, leading him to conclude that Chinese drinkers are indeed choosing their beverages with good health in mind.Mr. St. Pierre is toasting increases in sales of 25% a month. Carl Crook, another importer, recalls that, when he began selling wine in China four years ago, his clients were mainly “well­heeled and desperate expatriates (侨民)”. His company, Montrose, now sells more than 1,000 cases a month and expects sales to double this year, despite taxes and duties which add 121% to the price of imported wines. Its catalogue ranges from cheap Californian wines selling wholesale for 69 yuan per bottle, to Chateau Lafitte Rothschild.Domestic producers are also cottoning on to the joys of the grape. A few Chinese wineries are increasingly successful, in both international competitions and the domestic market. China’s largest wine producer, Dynasty, has overcome quality control problems to produce a well­received 1995 Chardonnay. The Huadong Winery in Qingdao (a city still more famous for its beer) has also yielded a successful Chardonnay. Local bottling of foreign wines, local production, and if they materialize, long rumored cuts in tariff duties (关税) may soon help bring the joys of wine to greater numbers of Chinese.For the country’s growing class of the newly rich, however, a ridiculously high price tag is all part of the package. In recent years, China’s conspicuous (引人注目的) consumers have made the purchase of overpriced wines, which is one of their favorite ways of showing off wealth, in some cases buying bottles priced at several hundred dollars only to smash them on the floor. There is now a new trend that may strike the world’s wine merchants as an even greater outrage. Some Chinese wine drinkers have decided that a good claret (干红) or Chardonnay goes down more smoothly when mixed with Sprite.9．Grape wines become more popular than the traditional rice wine in China for all the following reasons EXCEPT that________.A．rice wine consumes so many grains that its production has been discouraged B．it is believed that grape wine does more good to health than rice wine C．drinking grape wine is a symbol of wealth and therefore is a fashion for some peopleD．grape wines are often less expensive and so more people can afford them ★10.The underlined word “frivolous” in Parag raph 2 probably means “________”．A．significant B．preciousC．authentic D．unimportant11．Mr. St. Pierre and Mr. Carl Crook are cited as examples to show ________.A．market share of importing grape wines is increasing in ChinaB．well­heeled and despera te expatriates like to drink grape winesC．Chinese drinkers choose their company’s wine because of their boastD．domestic producers also realize the joys of the grape wines12．Which of the following is an opinion of the author’s?A．Domestic producers do not like their foreign counterparts.B．Local bottling of foreign wines is not encouraged by local government in China.C．The extremely high tariff duties on wine importing still affect the more popular consumption of foreign wines.D．Most people are satisfied with the prices of foreign wines.13．The author sounds ________ in the last paragraph.A．tolerant B．angryC．impatient D．conspicuous答案语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。