高三英语二轮复习 专题限时检测(二十二)阅读理解词义
专题限时检测(二十二) 阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题
(加★的为单词意义猜测题，本卷限时23分钟)
A
(2015·徐州市高三考前信息卷)Sometimes, we really want a chocolate bar or a cool sparkling drink. We usually have one, perhaps thinking, “My body really needs it！” But are you sure it’s really a demand from your body? It might just be bacteria in your stomach “cheating” you into thinking that way, scientists say.
Our gut and stomach are home to 10,000 species of bacteria which get energy from our half-digested lunches. In return, they help us break down food and k eep harmful bacteria out, The Atlantic reported. But a recent article in US journal Bio Essays suggests that these bacteria might tell us what to do and demand certain kinds of foods. The article, written by researchers from the University of New Mexico and the University of California, San Francisco, says that bacteria in our gut and stomach change our eating behavior to increase their fitness. For example, bacteria that specialize in sugar make us want sweet food. If we don’t give them what they want, they worry our minds until we eat sweet foods. The bacteria have some strategies to make us “listen” to them, the article suggests. They may change the expression of our taste receptors, making certain foods taste better. They may release hormones to make us feel hungry. Or they may use the vagus nerve (迷走神经), which connects the stomach to the brain, to control our eating behavior. In other words, our brain and moods might be hostages held by a hijacker called bacteria.
Food Previous studies, however, told a d ifferent story. Craving is “all in our heads”，Science Daily once reported. When people desire a specific food, they keep imagining vivid images of that food, so that they have no brain power for any other task.
To reduce our desire for a chocolate bar, we need to focus our minds on other tasks, Science Daily said. For example, trying to imagine images of common sights or smells could kick those food images out of our minds. How about trying to imagine a rainbow instead? If that doesn’t work for us, at least we can use bacteria as a convenient excuse —“I need a can of soda, not for me, but for my gut bacteria！”
1．What do bacteria in your gut and stomach do, according to the article?
a．break down food
b．connect the stomach to the brain
c．block out harmful bacteria
d．change your eating behavior
A．ac B．cd C．abc D．acd
2．What are the bacteria’s strategies to make people satisfy their needs?
A．They may change the way that the vagus nerve works.
B．They may make people feel hungry and think some foods are tastier than others.
C．They may change people’s facial expressions when eating some foods.
D．They may release some hormones to disturb people’s digestion systems.
★3.The underlined word “Craving” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．imagination B．feeling
C．eagerness D．emotion
4．To reduce our strong desire for a specific kind of food, we are advised to ________ .
A．sing songs about rainbows
B．make ourselves full by eating other food
C．imagine images of more inviting foods
D．make our minds busy with other tasks
B
(2015·盐城三模)High-tech glasses developed at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis may help surgeons visualize cancer cells, which glow blue when viewed through the eyewear. Cancer cells are notoriously difficult to see, even under high-powered magnification. The glasses are designed to make it easier for surgeons to distinguish cancer cells from healthy cells, helping to ensure that no tumor cells are left behind during surgery.
“We’re in the early stages of this technology, and more development and testing will be done, but we’re certainly encouraged by the potential benefits to patients，” said breast surgeon Julie Margenthaler, MD, an associate professor of surgery at Washington University. “Imagine what it would me an if these glasses got rid of the need for follow-up surgery and the associated pain, inconvenience and anxiety.”
Current standard of care requires surgeons to remove the tumor and some neighboring tissue that may or may not include cancer cells. The samples are sent to a pathology(病理) lab and viewed under a microscope. If cancer cells are found in neighboring tissue, a second surgery is often recommended to remove additional tissue that is also checked for the presence of cancer.
The glasses could reduce the need for additional surgical procedures and following stress on patients, as well as time and expense.
Margenthaler said about 20 to 25 percent of breast cancer patients who have lumps removed require a second surgery because current technology doesn’t adequately show the extent of the disease during the first operation.“Our hope is that this new technology will reduce or ideally eliminate the need for a second surgery，” she said.
In a study published in the Journal of Biomedical Optics, researchers noted that tumors as small as 1 mm in diameter (the thickness of about 10 sheets of paper) could be detected.
Ryan Fields, MD, a Washington University assistant professor of surgery and surgeon of Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, plans to wear the glasses later this month when he operates to remove a melanoma from a patient. He said he welcomes the new technology, which theoretically could be used to visualize any type or cancer.
“A limitation of surgery is that it’s not always clear to the naked eye the distinction between normal tissue and cancerous tissue，” Fields said.“With the glasses developed by Samuel Achilefu, PhD, professor of Washington University, we can better identify the tissue that must be removed.”
5．The ultimate goal of developing the new technology is ________.
A．to distinguish cancer cells from healthy ones
B．to inspire hope for life in cancer patients
C．to make sure no cancer cell is left behind
D．to reduce the risk of cancer surgery
★6.The underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 5 is closes t in meaning to ________.
A．meet B．remove C．feel D．resist
7．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The glasses are developed by Ryan Fields and Samuel Achilefu.
B．The glasses glow blue when finding tissues including cancer cells.
C．Tumors as small as 1 cm in diameter could be detected by the glasses.
D．Much remains to be done before the technology can be widely used.
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Special glasses help surgeons “see” cancer
B．A new technology has been used in surgery
C．Patients will benefit from a new technology
D．Cancer is no longer a threat to people
C
(2015·扬州中学高三检测)Rice wine has a history of more than 2,000 years as China’s favorite liquor and has been credited with having enhanced the health. But now native rice wine finds itself competing for market share with Western style fruit wine.
Both foreign traders and local producers have in recent months
observed a remarkable rise in the popularity of wine in China,
at least in the country’s more prosperous cities and coastal
regions. There are several reasons for this. One has been a
sustained effort by the Chinese government to limit the use of staple grains (主食) for things as frivolous as spirits or beer. Another has been a lot of reports filtering out (过滤) via Hong Kong and Taiwan, citing scientific findings about red wine’s good effects on health in general and manliness in particular. Mr. St. Pierre, who imports Western wines to China, says that his red wines outsell his whites by 20 to 1, leading him to conclude that Chinese drinkers are indeed choosing their beverages with good health in mind.
Mr. St. Pierre is toasting increases in sales of 25% a month. Carl Crook, another importer, recalls that, when he began selling wine in China four years ago, his clients were mainly “well-heeled and desperate expatriates (侨民)”. His company, Montrose, now sells more than 1,000 cases a month and expects sales to double this year, despite taxes and duties which add 121% to the price of imported wines. Its catalogue ranges from cheap Californian wines selling wholesale for 69 yuan per bottle, to Chateau Lafitte Rothschild.
Domestic producers are also cottoning on to the joys of the grape. A few Chinese wineries are increasingly successful, in both international competitions and the domestic market. China’s largest wine producer, Dynasty, has overcome quality control problems to produce a well-received 1995 Chardonnay. The Huadong Winery in Qingdao (a city still more famous for its beer) has also yielded a successful Chardonnay. Local bottling of foreign wines, local production, and if they materialize, long rumored cuts in tariff duties (关税) may soon help bring the joys of wine to greater numbers of Chinese.
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
高三英语二轮复习 专题限时检测(二十二)阅读理解词义
专题限时检测(二十二) 阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题 (加★的为单词意义猜测题，本卷限时23分钟) A (2015·徐州市高三考前信息卷)Sometimes, we really want a chocolate bar or a cool sparkling drink. We usually have one, perhaps thinking, “My body really needs it！” But are you sure it’s really a demand from your body? It might just be bacteria in your stomach “cheating” you into thinking that way, scientists say. Our gut and stomach are home to 10,000 species of bacteria which get energy from our half-digested lunches. In return, they help us break down food and k eep harmful bacteria out, The Atlantic reported. But a recent article in US journal Bio Essays suggests that these bacteria might tell us what to do and demand certain kinds of foods. The article, written by researchers from the University of New Mexico and the University of California, San Francisco, says that bacteria in our gut and stomach change our eating behavior to increase their fitness. For example, bacteria that specialize in sugar make us want sweet food. If we don’t give them what they want, they worry our minds until we eat sweet foods. The bacteria have some strategies to make us “listen” to them, the article suggests. They may change the expression of our taste receptors, making certain foods taste better. They may release hormones to make us feel hungry. Or they may use the vagus nerve (迷走神经), which connects the stomach to the brain, to control our eating behavior. In other words, our brain and moods might be hostages held by a hijacker called bacteria. Food Previous studies, however, told a d ifferent story. Craving is “all in our heads”，Science Daily once reported. When people desire a specific food, they keep imagining vivid images of that food, so that they have no brain power for any other task. To reduce our desire for a chocolate bar, we need to focus our minds on other tasks, Science Daily said. For example, trying to imagine images of common sights or smells could kick those food images out of our minds. How about trying to imagine a rainbow instead? If that doesn’t work for us, at least we can use bacteria as a convenient excuse —“I need a can of soda, not for me, but for my gut bacteria！” 1．What do bacteria in your gut and stomach do, according to the article? a．break down food b．connect the stomach to the brain c．block out harmful bacteria
阅读理解之词义猜测题
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
中考语文 词语的理解与运用练习题(含答案)
中考专项训练：词语的理解与运用 一、加点成语运用正确或错误的类型题 1．下列句子中加点成语运用不当 ．．的一项是（） A．聪明的重庆人因地制宜 ．．．．，依山建楼，跨水筑桥，让重庆呈现一种独特的美。 B．晚上，我悠闲地在花园里散步，明亮的路灯戛然而止 ．．．．，四周一片漆黑，原来是停电了。 C．课间十分钟，班上的“开心果”张晓松使尽浑身解数 ．．．．，搞怪逗乐，整个教室充满了快活的气氛。 D．留学生易文婷对故乡的思念与日俱增 ．．．．，收看央视国际频道成了她每天的必修课。 2．下列语句中加点的成语使用有误的一项是（） A．在世界杯羽毛球女子双打决赛中，中国队的两位姑娘配合得天衣无缝 ．．．．，获得冠军。 B．孩子向家长倾吐心声时，家长应洗耳恭听 ．．．．，这是家庭沟通中特别需要注意的地方。 C．几经周折，老人终于回到了阔别三十年的故乡，长年漂泊在外的愁绪荡然无存 ．．．．了。 D．杨绛先生为人谦逊低调，做学问孜孜不倦 ．．．．，钱钟书先生评价她：最贤的妻，最才的女。3．下列句子中，加点的成语或俗语使用不恰当的一项是（） A．在美丽乡村建设中，不能“眉毛胡子一把抓 ．．．．．．．”，要找准着力点，软硬兼施，内外兼修，使乡村既有颜值担当，更有内涵气质。 B．2016年4月4日，曹文轩问鼎世界儿童文学最高荣誉——国际安徒生奖。这标志着中国 儿童文学已经走向世界，也是中国文学多年发展指日可待 ．．．．的结果。 C．家风是一种“软约束”，通过潜移默化 ．．．．的影响，实现对家庭成员行为、作风、操守的有效约束。 D．中国历来不乏出色的工匠，如游刃有余 ．．．．的庖丁，刻木成鸟的鲁班……他们不仅是工艺纯熟的技者，还是明法通道的智者。 4．下列各句中加点的成语，使用正确的一项是（） A．京剧大师梅葆玖先生演技高超，他在传统京剧《霸王别姬》中扮演虞姬，演得惟妙惟肖 ．．．．，活灵活现。 B．陈忠实老师看到出版社的工作条件很差，就自掏腰包两万元，为改善我们的工作条件尽 了一点绵薄之力 ．．．．。 C．中国首个“4.0”产业园——潍坊国际创意港5月8日开园，国际机构争相入园，众多资 深创客也心无旁骛 ．．．．。 D．与广袤的宇宙相比，人类只是沧海桑田 ．．．．，极其渺小，只有遵循规律，按规律办事，才能实现“天人”和谐。 5．下列加点的成语使用不正确的一项是（）
词义猜测—阅读理解配套练习题
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
(完整word版)新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题
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