英语10.1-15日计划

文亮2016届浙江“专升本”跟踪服务阶段学习资料
《英语》10月1日—10月15日学习计划
一、词汇复习
复习《核心词汇必背》Unit 7-Unit 9，共300单词。

在答疑阶段由任课老师课前抽查，请认真背诵。

请大家在做题时准备一个生词本，在做题过程中要特别注意积累单词和好的词句表达，并记到生词本上，及时背诵（当然，特别生僻的除外，例如，carcinogen：致癌物）。

不要为了做题而做题，错失了学习提高的良机。

二、语法复习
复习基础阶段英语专用教材高频语法篇第一节：非谓语动词（P79-P88），认真阅读，不是看一遍而已，而是要理解教材中的每一句话，完成并复习教材上的习题，回忆随堂老师的讲解，如仍有不理解的地方，一定在答疑阶段提出并弄懂。

三、习题演练
（一）完成《英语命题人》教材中下列练习，并背诵生词：
阅读理解4选1：第（十）篇到第（十二）篇
阅读理解7选5：第（三）篇
阅读理解15选10：第（三）篇
完形填空：第（三）篇
篇章问答：第（三）篇
汉译英：第11-15道题
英译汉：第（三）篇
作文：第（三）篇
（二）完成以下学习计划中的习题：
阅读4选1：
第一篇：
The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调) his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.
We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素) , asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person—question, self-disclosures, and so on.
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e. g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g. disclosures and truthful statement).
1. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in .
A. what he wears
B. how tall he is
C. how happy he is
D. what color he dyes his hair
2. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because_______.
A. some people are more emotional than others
B. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person
C. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people’s attitudes
D. some people choose to keep to themselves
3. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because_______.
A. we don’t accept the idea that we might never fully know another person
B. we often get information in a casual and inexact way
C. we pay more attention to other people’s motivations and emotions
D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him
4. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are .
A. disclosures
B. deceptions
C. stimuli
D. interactions
5. This passage mainly concerns_______.
A. the relationship between people
B. the perception of other people
C. secrets and deceptions of people
D. people’s attitudes and characters
第二篇：
For many years, scientists couldn’t figure out how atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What’s more, living things have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.
After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped.
Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen.
Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller
and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids—the very kind of molecules found in all living things.
6. When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living thing?
A. 4 billion years ago.
B. In 1953.
C. After seven days.
D. Many years later.
7. Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of .
A. amino acids
B. molecules
C. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms
D. water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen
8. Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did their experiment in order to .
A. find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago
B. simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth
C. dissolve some new chemicals
D. analyze a liquid
9. At the end of the last paragraph, the word “it” refers to .
A. a closed loop
B. an electric spark
C. water
D. the liquid
10. According to the writer, living things on the Earth include.
A. atoms and molecules
B. chemicals
C. plants, fish, dinosaurs and human beings
D. the primitive soup
第三篇：
The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal website.
Websites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card number—or sell the information over the Internet. Computer hackers(黑客) have broken down security systems, raising questions about the safety of card-holder information. Several months ago, 25, 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer, were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a website after the retailer refused to pay US $157, 828 to get back the information.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Web-only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep
from being cheated.
Ask about your credit-card firm’s on-line rules: Under British law, card-holders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent spending.
And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit-card information only if the website offers advanced security system.
If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The website address may also start https: //—the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
Keep your password safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care.
11. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?
A. A lot of stolen credit-cards were sold on the Internet.
B. Fraud on the Internet.
C. Many websites are destroyed.
D. Many illegal websites are on the Internet.
12. What is the meaning of “fraud”?
A. cheating.
B. sale.
C. payment.
D. safety.
13. How can the thieves get the information of the credit card?
A. The customers give them the information.
B. The thieves steal the information from websites.
C. The customers sell the information to them.
D. The thieves buy the information from credit-card firms.
14. How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?
A. Four.
B. Three.
C. Five.
D. Six.
15. You are shopping on the site: http: // www. Shopping. com, and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do?
A. Order the TV set at once.
B. Do not buy the TV set on this site.
C. E-mail the site your credit-card information.
D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.
第四篇：
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has
led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.
16. The author believes that the population explosion results from _______.
A. an increase in birthrates
B. the industrial development
C. a decrease in death rates
D. human beings’cultural advances
17. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______.
A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work
B. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation
C. old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations
D. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life
18. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?
A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough.
B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement.
C. When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial.
D. With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens than ever.
19. The phrase “this need” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. prolonging the dying old people’s lives
B. reducing the problems caused by the retired people
C. making profits through caring for the sick or weak people
D. taking care of the sick or weak people
20. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?
A. sympathetic.
B. approving.
C. optimistic.
D. critical.
7选5：
Parents and doctors have the same worry over especially low birth weight newborns. 21 A trend has therefore developed to make special formulas(配方)of extra nutrients and protein-rich foods for these tiny babies. Unfortunately, a British study has found that this practice could have negative long term effects, such as high blood pressure in adulthood.
Between 1993 and 1995,Atul Singhal of the Institute of Child Health and his colleagues researched 299 full-term newborns, each of whom weighed very little for their age. The babies’ moms had decided not to breastfeed(用母乳喂养).
22 The rest received a formula with more nutrients and 28 percent more protein than the standard formula. The growth of all of these children was compared to that of 175 similarly low birth weight babies whose mothers had chosen to breastfeed their children for their first 9 months. 23They found 83 babies from the normal-formula group,70 babies from the extra-formula group, and 95 babies from the breast fed group. 24 According to the latest data, children who had received the extra formula had significantly higher blood pressures than those in the other two groups.
Seven human tests have indeed shown that when infants are overfed before being stopped breastfeeding, they have an increased possibility to become fat as youngsters. No matter how big a child is at birth, he or she will probably reach the same adult height no matter how quickly the baby grows. But reaching one’s adult size at a slow-to-moderate speed may have a lot of benefits, as Singhal says. 25 .
A. Half of these children were given a normal infant(幼儿) formula for 9 months
B. When they grow up, they might have high blood pressure.
C. These babies have very little energy because they are so small.
D.Six to eight years later, the researchers gave the children a series of measurements and tests.
E. The results were quite surprising.
F. Tiny babies will grow much slower if they are not specially fed.
G.His advice to parents: Be patient. Don’t rush a child’s growth.
●15选10：
The comparatively treeless plains of North Africa have suffered a progressive drying up, both 26 and man-made, but the region was 27so rich in fertile soil that the district we now know as the Libyan Desert was, in the old days, part of the granary (粮仓) of the Roman Empire, and the centre of the Sahara 28a busy trading population for a long period. That was when there were 29 in plenty and the fields were the traditional “fields of the woods” —clearings in the forest—and therefore always tree 30 .
It is the trees that lift the water and send31into the air so that it may fall as dew or rain further on. Trees reduce the speed of the wind, and provide shelter and shade; the roots 32minerals in the soil and these are carried to the leaves which, when they have fulfilled their function, return to the earth, giving the soil the combination of minerals that plants require.
But through the ages Africa has been 33. Successive invaders have felled the forest to provide grazing lands for their flocks and herds. With the removal of the essential tree cover, the water34 was broken, the earth became feverish and sick, and in course of time was unable to support those who had broken the35of life by removing the earth’s green mantle—the trees.
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ago.
The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（豆）, and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer, and went on saying,”You have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is Never 42 your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the 43 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknown world invisible（无形的）to the46,which can be discovered only through scientific47. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even48the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she50that her firsthand experience could be the51.The professor, however, said that it was52.He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute. “I remem ber feeling small and 54 ,”the women says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I55the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”
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37.A.searched for B.looked at C.got through D.marched into
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39.A.warning B.giving C.turning away D.listening to
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篇章问答（10字以内）：
Some of the old worries about artificial intelligence were closely linked to the question of whether computers could think. The first massive electronic computers, capable of rapid calculation and little or no creative activity, were soon dubbed (取绰号)“electronic brains”. A reaction to this terminology quickly followed. To put them in their place, computers were called “high speed idiots”, an effort to protect human vanity. But not everyone realized the implications of the high-speed idiot tag. It has not been pointed out enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent life forms on earth. If the early computers were even that intelligent, it was already a remarkable state of affairs.
One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general. It soon became clear that we were not sure what we meant by such terms as thought and thinking. We tend to assume that human beings think, some more than others, though we often call people thoughtless or unthinking. Dreams cause a problem, partly because they usually happen outside our control. They are obviously some type of mental experience, but are they a type of thinking? And the question of nonhuman life forms adds further problems. Many of us would maintain that some of the higher animals—dogs,cats, apes, and so onare capable of at least basic thought, but what about fish andinsects? If thinking is demonstrated by evident electrical activity in the brain, then many species are capable of thought. Once we have formulated clear ideas on what thought is in biological creatures, it will be easier to discuss the question of thought in artifacts (人工制品). And what is true of thought is also true of the many other mental processes. One of the immense benefits of a research is that we are being forced to scrutinize, with new rigor, the working of the human mind.
It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life forms. No fern or oak tree can play chess as well as even the simplest digital computer games, nor can frogs weld car bodies as well as robots. It seems that, viewed in terms of intellect, the computer should be set well above plants and most animals. Only the higher animals can compete with computers with regard to intellect and even then with diminishing success.
56. What did people think of the early computers?
.
57. According to the author, the early computers is than human idiots.
58. As a result of speculating whether computer could think, we had to research more
carefullyto .
59. Why do dreams cause the problem whether they are a type of thinking, according to the author?
.
60. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the fern and the oak tree?
.
●汉译英：
61. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors (增加了27%).
62. By the time you get to New York, I (已经动身前往去伦敦了).
63. Sometimes children have trouble(区分事实和想象).
64. Although I spoke slowly, my meaning ______________（未被完全理解）.
65.(由于竞争激烈) among the airlines, travel expenses have reduced dramatically.
●英译汉
Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? 66.Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. 67.However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. 68.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author ofFrench Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. 69.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
70. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity—or extremeoverweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French
children has reached 17%—and is growing.
66.Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight.
67.However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
68. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.
69.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
70. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits.
作文
提纲：
1. 目前一些大学开放校园作为公共停车场
2. 有人认为这样可以资源共享，有人认为这样会扰乱教学秩序
3. 我的观点。