福建省师范大学附属中学2018-2019学年高二上学期期末考试(解析版)英语试题

福建省师范大学附属中学2018-2019学年高二上学期
期末考试
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第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解
A
On the eve of our daughters' weddings，I gave both of them what I considered to be excellent marital advice：never leave your husband unsupervised （无人监督的）with pruning shears （修枝剪）．
If only I had taken my own advice．I recently let my guard down．Thirty—some years of marriage can do that to a woman．Give a man pruning shears and electric trimmers （电动修剪器）and he will give new meaning to "armed and dangerous．"
One day earlier this year，my husband said that the crab apple tree was dead．
"Why do you think it is dead？" I asked．
"Look at it．There's not a leaf on it．"
"There's not a leaf on anything．It's March，" I said
"It looked sick last fall and with this bitter winter we had，I'm convinced it's dead．"
The truth is he's never liked the crabapple．Sure，it has beautiful blooms in the spring，but then it gets a disease，the leaves curl，and it drops those little apples that sit on the driveway．Each passing week he pronounced the tree dead．Eventually I began to believe him．Though he agreed it would be a regrettable loss，there was a twinkle in his eye．He armed
himself a couple of weeks ago and began trimming．A branch here，a branch there，a small limb，then a large limb．I watched and then decided to check the wood on some of the branches closer to the trunk．I broke one off and saw green．
The crabapple was not dead．It just hadn't had time to leaf out．The tree was now falling to one side，but it was not dead．I would have told him so，but he had moved on to a maple．Once the man starts，he can't stop．One trim leads to another．
"Please，stop!" I called．
He smiled and nodded，but he couldn't hear because he had started the hedge （树篱）trimmers and was getting ready to fix a line of hedges．
Zip （飕飕声），zip，zip．
"What do you think？" he shouted．
"It's supposed to be a privacy hedge；now all that will be private are our ankles．"
He started the trimmers again．
"Stop!" I called，"Come back!"
"Why？" he shouted．
"You're in the neighbor's yard．"
1．By saying "If only I had taken my own advice．" the author means that．
A．she didn't follow her own advice about pruning shears．
B．she feels regretful about her marriage after many years．
C．she shouldn't have kept a close watch on her husband．
D．she shouldn't have given that marital advice to her daughters．
2．We can learn from the article that the author's husband．
A．has a great talent for gardening．
B．nearly ruined their neighbor's garden．
C．mistook their crab apple tree for a maple tree．
D．had never used pruning shears before．
3．What does the article mainly talk about？
A．Why the author's husband insisted on trimming their crabapple tree．
B．Why the author's husband shouldn't have been allowed to trim their crab apple tree．
C．How the author has survived her "thirty﹣some" years of marriage．
D．How the author's husband killed their crab apple tree．
4．What is the tone of the article？
A．Anxious．B．Critical．C．Serious．D．Humorous．
B
They say the average person makes 35，000 decisions a day．Yet in her new book，How Woman Decide，Therese Huston explores a widespread phenomenon that many women fail to notice．"There's a huge double standard when it comes to how men and women are viewed as decision﹣makers，" explains Therese，a psychologist from Seattle University．Therese decided to write the book after looking at her bookshelf：At one end，there were bestselling books about how to be a clever decision-maker—all written by men and featuring interviews with men like athletes．At the other end were books aimed at women on gaining leadership skills and confidence．
"Once those women are at the table，will their decisions be taken as seriously as men's？" Therese wondered．"Men are respected as decision-makers more than women，especially in the workplace，largely because there's this cultural belief that women are unable to make smart choices at work．"
So，Therese set out to pick apart the stereotypes（固有印象）to see what scientific research had found．"Scientific research shows that men and women struggle with decision﹣making equally．The only disadvantage I found was that during the teenage years﹣teenage girls are more indecisive than teenage boys．Otherwise，there's little difference between the genders（性别）．"
However，there are some differences．"Women are more collaborative（协作的），"says Therese．"A female boss is more likely to ask the opinions of those around her when making a choice．Women ask for input，which helps make better decisions．However，this is often seen as a weakness rather than a strength．"
Therese also found that during times of stress，men and women make different choices，and the outcomes are often better when women are involved．
Study after study backs this view up．Neuroscientists Mara Mather and Nicole Lighthall from the University of Southern California studied the way men and women make decisions and found that in times of stress，they react very differently．
During their study，which involved playing a virtual gambling（赌博）game，they found that when the females became stressed，they made smart decisions-quitting while they were ahead or taking safe bets．But when the men became stressed，they did the opposite，risking everything for a slim chance of a big win．
5．Why did Therese Huston write her book How Women Decide？
A．Women are less respected as decision-makers．
B．Women are not equally treated in workplaces．
C．Women are unable to make smart choices．
D．Women are poor at making big decisions．
6．What is women's weakness in decision-making according to Therese Huston？
A．Men can make quicker decisions than women．
B．Women easily get stressed when making decisions．
C．Women are likely to ask for input when making decisions．
D．Teenage girls are less able to make decisions than teenage boys．
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．Women show less confidence in times of stress．
B．Men tend to make risky decisions in times of stress．
C．Men show great courage in times of stress．
D．Women quit making decisions when ahead in games．
8．What's Therese's final conclusion according to the text？
A．Women are skillful as decision-makers．
B．Men are weaker in making smart decisions．
C．We should give up all cultural beliefs about gender（性别）．
D．Great difference exists between the two genders in decision-making．
The idea of progress started to flower in the 17th century．At that time，many wise thinkers believed that man liberated（解放）by reason would rise to greater heights of achievement．The many expressions of human nature would be the engines of progress：language，business，science，and moral sensibility （道德感）．Unfortunately，most of those engines have failed to bring the desired human progress．
The modern age has belonged to material progress and its main source has been science．Science gives people huge power to change the world．But can people be trusted to use it always for good？Think of biotechnology and information technology．And it is not just that scientific progress does not deliver the emotional good．People also fear that mankind is failing to manage science properly．The forests are disappearing；the ice is melting；privacy is leaking；life is becoming a depressing march in an ugly world．
The point is not that science is harmful，but that scientific progress needs to be mapped tidily onto human progress．That relies on moral sensibility in its widest sense．This liberal force offers hope for a better future．The very idea of moral sensibility probably sounds out-of-date．Bur researchers find that people desire a sense of moral purpose which would give life dignity （尊严）．People want to determine how the world works，not always to be determined by it．Moral sensibility is why people will suffer from their beliefs，and why acts of noble self-sacrifice are so powerful．
It is admitted that our moral ideals will never be realized completely．But sometimes，however imperfectly，we can make progress．Human dignity requires the love of ideals for their own sake，but nothing requires that the love be returned．
Human progress is neither guaranteed nor hopeless．Instead，it is up to us．
9．What do we know about human progress from Paragraph 1？
A．Human beings were greatly liberated by the idea of progress．
B．Language failed to serve as an expression of human progress．
C．People began to think about human progress in the 17th century．
D．Many thinkers in the 17th century were optimistic about human progress．
10．Why does science fail to bring the desired human progress？
A．Scientific progress does not give people dignity．
B．Proper governing is not guaranteed in the use of science．
C．Science is misunderstood because of improper management．
D．The engine of progress is sensitive and unreliable．
11．What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A．Depressing life
B．Harmful science
C．Human progress
D．Moral sensibility
12．What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To stress the function of the idea of progress．
B．To express concern about the death of moral sensibility．
C．To show the importance of moral sensibility in human progress．
D．To blame the harm of material progress to human development．
二、七选五
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 13 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work?
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 14 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 15
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 16 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
17 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A．It all depends on your character.
B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
三、完形填空
Last summer，I had just enough money saved to buy a golden ticket—a 3-month train pass that would take me to the furthest reaches of Europe．Excited for my journey，I 18 all the necessary stuff—19 the guidebook．
While the 20 of the Internet was definitely a 21 factor to my decision，this was not the only reason I decided to fly 22 ．
To be honest，I find the guidebook 23 a journey﹣like a bossy aunt who is always telling you what to do，24 she doesn't always know what's best．25 has taught me that there is a clear 26 between a tourist and a traveler．
While waiting in a queue to see Michelangelo's Statue of David in Florence，I met a man who showed me his 27 of "Top 20 Things to do in Italy" and told us 28 that he'd "seen" everything Italy has to 29 in just four days．
The problem I had with this man's way of 30 was that he was too focused on 31 the boxes provided by his guidebook．He was 32 in the so-called "must-sees" and blind to all that was happening somewhere else．
So，guidebook-less as we were，my companion and I traveled to Estonia．Arriving for no good reason，we had no option but to 33 some friendly faces for advice．We 34 ourselves and asked them what was happening around town．When this resulted in an 35 to a beautiful Estonian home by a river where we enjoyed a 110﹣degree wood﹣stove sauna（桑拿），36 picked forest﹣mushrooms and the good 37 of our five new﹣found Estonian friends，we sure were glad we had left our bossy aunt at home．
18．A．loaded B．collected C．packed D．selected
19．A．except B．with C．including D．besides
20．A．competence B．convenience C．instance D．performance 21．A．demanding B．contributing C．striking D．thrilling
22．A．around B．away C．abroad D．alone
23．A．limits B．influences C．confuses D．encourages 24．A．in case B．as though C．even though D．if only
25．A．Regulation B．Communication C．Intelligence D．Experience 26．A．relationship B．connection C．similarity D．distinction 27．A．list B．book C．file D．summary
28．A．loudly B．positively C．proudly D．happily
29．A．recommend B．offer C．discover D．order
30．A．traveling B．planning C．preparing D．drafting
31．A．counting B．following C．drawing D．ticking
32．A．involved B．interested C．lost D．engaged
33．A．approach B．grab C．spot D．seize
34．A．presented B．helped C．introduced D．forced
35．A．application B．access C．entrance D．invitation
36．A．skillfully B．randomly C．joyfully D．locally
37．A．quality B．company C．possession D．advice
第II卷（非选择题）
四、用适当的词完成句子
根据所给首字母，写出正确的单词来完成句子
38．Both of the approaches are effective and it's really a matter of personal p_____ which one to choose．
39．She now works a f_____ schedule in order to have more time to spend with her children．40．To be honest，Nick's performance wasn't interesting and it didn't a_____ to me much．41．The famous writer's new book d_____ to be published next year receives widespread attention in the national media．
42．Life is a cup，and under most c_____，it's up to you to decide whether it's a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup．
43．Many citizens are o_____ to building a big market in this area．They don't think it is a wise decision．
44．A_____ as the successor to the company，the youngest son took office in no time．
45．We need to identify the actual and p_____ problems．Then we can deal with them effectively．
46．I'm quite sure that it is a_____ impossible for me to finish the task in only two days without anyone to help me．
47．Each of us needs to c_____ at least 5 liters of water per day，and everything we eat and drink contains water．
48．They are faced with financial problems．It is not an a_____ time to mention the subject of money．
五、用所给词的正确形式填空
单句语法填空
49．The sun began to rise in the sky，_____（bathe）the mountain in golden light．
50．So difficult did he find_____ to pass the driving test that he decided to quit．
51．While talking with his colleagues，he accidentally let_____ that he had got divorced．52．Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to express their_____ （anxious）over a lack of sense of belonging．
53．There is a growing_____（tend）for people to work at home instead of in offices．
54．_____ is required in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your E-mail account．
55．Since 2010，much new and high technology has been introduced from abroad，_____（result）in great increase in production．
56．_____（load）with too much burden for years，she finally decided to give up her job and took a vacation without delay．
57．How I wish I_____（see）the famous singer in the flesh yesterday．I want to take a photo with him．
58．Nothing is_____ （stress）than going on a business trip with our boss who is so strict．
六、根据所给汉语意思完成句子
根据课文内容填空或根据汉语提示完成句子
59．During the Renaissance，new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages．
People began to concentrate less on religious themes and_____to life．
60．Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression．Others try to_____．Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves．61．Firstly，you can become physically addicted to nicotine，which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes．This means that after a while your body_____ nicotine in it．62．So we need those gases．The problem begins when we add_____ carbon dioxide into the atmosphere．
63．I_____ suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound，like a railway train passing my window．
64．The land_____700 metres above sea level to over 2，000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals．
65．I wonder how it_____（发生）that she was two hours late on such a short trip．
66．It's recommended that students_____（订阅）Teens which is quite suitable for Chinese English learners．
67．Had the firefighters not arrived in time，the house_____（就会被烧成平地）．
68．It was not until the citizens moved out of the way_____（士兵们才能通过）．
七、语法填空
阅读下列材料，在空白出填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。

Perhaps there is no sport in the world more 69（connect）to sneakers（运动鞋）than basketball．Now，thanks to a new policy，the NBA will 70 （strong）its status as the most stylish sports league in the world．When the 2018﹣2019NBA season kicked 71 in October，the NBA lifted its color restrictions （限制）on players' sneakers．It is the first time in the league's 72-year history that it 72（allow）shoes to be of any color a player likes，as long as no reflective material 73（include）．
This landmark rule change is part of the NBA's collective effort to support players' "statements" on and off the court．"74 increasing number of people have come to realize that restrictions on the color of players' shoes actually limit 75 （they）personal expression and storytelling，" CNN News noted．Kobe Bryant brought the low-top style of sneaker with a Mamba print to the forefront in 2008to symbolize the spirit of perseverance（毅力）and 76 （brave）．Kyrie Irving of the Boston Celtics wears probably the 77 （well-known）signature
sneakers．Inspired by his mother，who died when he was four，he has a rose on one side of his shoe to represent her．
There is no end to the stories about sneakers in basketball．It's certain that they will remain a platform 78 players express their ideas and personalities．
八、短文改错
79．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\ ）划掉．
修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Many a student who wants to study abroad after high school dream of living in a fancy house．One approach to find accommodation（住所）is by applying to a dormitory through your school's official website．The other is by searching rental advertisements．Once you've found a place that interests you，there are many map applications，that can help you get an idea of the area．
During my stay in Sydney，I chose to rent a house．I moved four time in those two years．Their first place was a double room in a brand-new house having found on the internet．Since it was located closely to the university，the price was much higher as expected．In Australia，rent is paid on weekly basis，and you must pay four weeks of rent as a deposit（押金）when you move in．That was quite a financial burden．
九、提纲类作文
80．假如你是校学生会主席，为了应对全球变暖、保护地球家园，你将代表学校向全体学生发出"低碳减排、绿色生活"的倡议。

请你根据以下要点写一封英文倡议书。

1．发出倡议的目的；
2．"低碳减排、绿色生活"的几点建议；
3．呼吁大家采取行动。

注意：1．词数100词左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear friends，
Do you know the earth is becoming warmer and warmer？
___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ The Students' Union
【答案解析】
1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。

在我女儿结婚的那晚，我给了女儿一个婚姻告诫，不要让你的丈夫和一个果树修剪器在一起。

以此幽默的叙述了丈夫修剪时果树所做的傻事。

1．推理判断题。

根据Give a man pruning shears and electric trimmers （电动修剪器）and he will give new meaning to "armed and dangerous．"可知作者没有遵守自己的告诫而让自己的丈夫使用了电动修剪器。

故选A。

2．推理判断题。

根据文章最后"You're in the neighbor's yard．"可知作者的丈夫差一点就要毁了邻居的花园。

故B选项。

3．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段"never leave your husband unsupervised （无人监督的）with pruning shears （修枝剪）．"可知下文讲述了为什么不能让丈夫自己修剪果树的原因，故选B项．
4．推理判断题．根据文章第二段"Give a man pruning shears and electric trimmers （电动修剪器）and he will give new meaning to ‘armed and dangerous．'"可知作者以幽默的口气描述了丈夫自己修剪果树的经历，故选D项．
5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要介绍了Therese Huston写的新书《女性怎样决定》，在书中，作者认为在决策方面，两性存在着很大的不同。

5．细节理解题。

由“Men are respected as decision makers more than women，especially in the workplace，largely because there’s this cultural belief that women are unable to make smart choices at work．” So，Therese set out to pick apart the stereotypes(固有印象)to see what scientific research had found．可知Therese Huston写这本书是因为作为决策者，女性受尊重比较少，选A。

6．细节理解题。

由The only disadvantage I found was that during the teenage years-teenage girls are more indecisive than teenage boys．可知作者认为女性在决策中的弱点是青少年女孩比青少年男孩做决定时更犹豫不决，选D。

7．推理判断题。

由But when the men became stressed，they did the opposite，risking everything for a slim chance of a big win．可知从最后一个自然段我们可以推断出在遇到压力的时候，男性更倾向于冒险，选B。

8．推理判断题。

由Otherwise，there’s little difference between the genders(性别)和Therese also found that during times of stress，men and women make different choices，可推断出Therese 最后得出的结论是在决策方面，两性存在着很大的不同，选D。

9．D 10．B 11．D 12．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲述了科学未能带来理想的人类进步，关键不在于科学是有害的，而是科学进步需要整齐地映射到人类进步上。

这在最广泛的意义上依赖于道德感受。

其目的是表明道德感受在人类进步中的重要性。

9．细节理解题．根据第一段At that time，many wise thinkers believed that man liberated （解放）by reason would rise to greater heights of achievement．可知，17世纪的许多思想家对人类进步持乐观态度．故选D．
10．细节理解题．根据第二段People also fear that mankind is failing to manage science properly．可知，科学未能带来理想的人类进步是因为在科学的使用中不能保证适当的管理．故选B．
11．细节理解题．根据上下文内容可知，This liberal force offers hope for a better future．句意为这种自由派力量为更美好的未来提供了希望．故意为道德感受力．故选D．12．主旨大意题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学未能带来理想的人类进步，关键不在于科学是有害的，而是科学进步需要整齐地映射到人类进步上．这在最广泛的意义上依赖于道德感受．其目的是表明道德感受在人类进步中的重要性．故选C．13．F 14．C 15．A 16．E 17．G
【解析】试题分析：文章讲述了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据．人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报．生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．13．F 前面说because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒；后面说Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事．也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故选F．
14．C 根据前面Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀．这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去．故选C．
15．A根据前面So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢．这要依据你的性格．故选A．
16．E前一句scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈；而后一句To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望．而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候．故选E．
17．G空格后面说For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样．故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应．故选G．考点：考查信息匹配
18．C 19．A 20．B 21．B 22．D
23．A 24．C 25．D 26．D 27．A
28．C 29．B 30．A 31．D 32．C
33．A 34．C 35．D 36．D 37．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。

作者在文章中写了有指南的旅游和没有指南的旅游是有很大的不同的，并详细地描述了自己不带指南旅游的乐趣。

18．动词辨析。

A. loaded负担；B. collected收集；C. packed包装；D. selected挑选。

由前面for my journey，可知我为旅行在准备打包东西，pack stuff指打包东西。

故选C。

19．介词辨析。

A. except除---之外；B. with和---在一起；C. including包括；D. besides 除---之外还有。

根据第三段内容可推断作者认为旅游指南有很大的局限性，可知此空选A。

20．名词辨析。

A. competence胜任，能力；B. convenience便利；C. instance实例，情况；D. performance表演。

根据句意网络很便利，可知选B。

21．动词辨析。

A. demanding要求高的；B. contributing贡献的；C. striking令人感动的；
D. thrilling毛骨悚然的；contribute to导致，此句译为：虽然互联网的便利性无疑是我决定的一个因素。

故选B。

22．副词辨析。

A. around到处，在附近；B. away离去；C. abroad在国外；D. alone独自的。

由前文内容"excited for my journey"我的旅程，可推断作者是一个人独自去旅行的，故选D。

23．名词辨析。

A. limits限制；B. influences影响；C. confuses使困惑；D. encourages 鼓励。

由后文"like a bossy aunt who is always telling you what to do"可知，旅游指南会限制人的旅行，就像一个专横的阿姨总是告诉你该怎么做。

故选A。

24．短语辨析。

A. in case万一；B. as though好像；C. even though即使；D. if only只要。

根据句意：她甚至会告诉你怎么做最好。

故选C。

25．名词辨析。

A. Regulation规则；B. Communication沟通，交流；C. Intelligence智力，理解力；D. Experience经验。

根据上文内容可知作者不像普通游客一样拿着旅行指南旅游，可推断句意为：经验告诉我游客和旅行者之间有明显的区别，选D。

26．名词辨析。

A. relationship关系；B. connection连接；C. similarity类似；D. distinction 区别，差别。

由句意a tourist and a traveler，可推知，游客和旅行者之间有明显的区别。

可知选D。

27．名词辨析。

A. list清单；B. book书；C. file文件；D. summary总结。

根据后文"Top 20 Things to do in Italy"可知这应该是一份名单。

故选A。

28．副词辨析。

A. loudly大声地；B. positively肯定地；C. proudly自豪地；D. happily 幸福地。

根据后文"seen everything"及"in just four days"可推断，他应该是骄傲得告诉我们这句话。

故选C。

29．动词辨析。

A. recommend推荐；B. offer提供；C. discover发现；D. order命令。

根据句意：他在短短四天内就看到了意大利所能提供的一切。

故选B。

30．动词辨析。

A. traveling旅行；B. planning计划；C. preparing准备；D. drafting起草。

根据上文可知，这是一个男人旅行的方式，不是计划或准备，更不是草稿。

故选A。

31．动词辨析。

A. counting计数，称得上；B. following跟随；C. drawing绘画；D. ticking 滴答声。

tick the boxes在框内勾选，即完成一个旅游项目便在这个项目前面打钩。

故选D。

32．形容词辨析。

A. involved有关的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. lost丢失的；D. engaged 忙碌的。

根据句意：他迷失在所谓的"必须看到"中，对其他地方发生的一切视而不见。

故选C。

33．动词辨析。

A. approach靠近；B. grab夺取；C. spot认出；D. seize抓住。

根据句意：只能走近一些友好的面孔征求意见。

故选A。

34．动词辨析。

A. presented提出，赠送；B. helped帮助；C. introduced介绍；D. forced 强迫。

根据句意：我们自我介绍，问他们城里发生了什么事。

故选C。

35．名词辨析。

A. application应用；B. access进入；C. entrance入口；D. invitation邀请。

根据句意：当我们邀请了一位美丽的爱沙尼亚人到河边的家，在那里我们享受了110度的木炉桑拿浴。

故选D。

36．副词辨析。

A. skillfully有技巧地；B. randomly随便地；C. joyfully快乐地；D. locally 当地。

根据句意可知选D。

即我们采摘了当地生长的蘑菇。

37．名词辨析。

A. quality质量，品质；B. company陪伴；C. possession拥有；D. advice 建议。

根据句意：还有我们五个新结识的爱沙尼亚朋友的好伙伴。

故选B。

38．preference
39．flexible
40．appeal
41．due
42．circumstances
43．opposed
44．Appointed
45．potential
46．absolutely
47．consume
48．appropriate
【解析】
38．考查首字母填空。

句意：这两种方法都是有效的，这实际上是个人偏爱选择哪一个的问题。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入preference，介词后接名词作宾语。

preference是可数名词，根据语境要用单数形式。

39．考查首字母填空。

句意：为了和孩子们一起度过更多的时间，她现在工作时间灵活。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入flexible，形容词作定语修饰名词schedule。

40．考查首字母填空。

句意：说实话，尼克的表演没有趣味，它并没有吸引我。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入动词，助动词did后接动词原形。

appeal to意为"对…有吸引力"。

41．考查首字母填空。

句意：这位著名作家预定于明年出版的新书在全国媒体上受到广泛关注。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入due，due to意为"预定…"。

42．考查首字母填空。

句意：生命就像一只茶杯，在大多数情况下，而它是洗具还是杯具由你决定。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入circumstances，under most circumstances意为"大多数情况下"。

43．考查首字母填空。

句意：许多市民反对在这个地区建立一个大市场。

他们认为这不是一个明智的决定。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入opposed，be opposed to意为"反对"。

44．考查首字母填空。

句意：被任命为公司的接班人，最小的儿子马上上任了。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入动词，the youngest son与appoint之间是动宾关系，用过去分词作状语。

故答案为Appointed。

45．考查首字母填空。

句意：我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。

然后，我们能有效地处理它们。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入potential，形容词作定语修饰名词problems。

46．考查首字母填空。

句意：我非常确信仅在两天内没有任何人帮助我是绝对不可能完成这项任务的。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入absolutely，副词修饰形容词impossible。

47．考查首字母填空。

句意：我们每个人每天需要消耗至少十五升水，我们吃的和喝的一切都包含有水。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入consume，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。

48．考查首字母填空。

句意：他们面临财政问题。

这不是一个合适的提及金钱话题的时间。

根据句意及句子结构，要填入appropriate，形容词人定语修饰名词time。

49．bathing
50．it
51．out
52．anxiety
53．tendency
54．What
55．resulting
56．Having been loaded
57．had seen
58．more stressful
【解析】
49．句意：太阳开始升上天空，把整个山沐浴在金色的阳光中。

分析句子成分可知，空格处是状语，作状语应用动词的非谓语动词形式，根据句意，可知，太阳上升起来的结果是山沐浴在金色的阳光中，当非谓语动词作结果状语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语可以是前面整个句子，即bathe的逻辑主语是整个句子The sun began to rise in the sky，bathe作动词，意为（以光线）撒满，结合句意，太阳升起来，和bathe是主动关系，故用现在分词，故答案是bathing。

50．句意：他发现很难通过驾驶考试，所以决定放弃。

考查形式宾语。

因为不定式to pass the driving test（通过驾驶考试）是he发现的内容，是动词find真正的宾语，所以应用it作形式宾语，代替不定式to pass the driving test，故填it。

51．句意：在和同事谈话时，他不小心说他离婚了。

考查介词。

根据空前的let并结合句意可知，此处意为"说出"英语为let out，故填out。

52．句意：从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往表达了他们对缺乏归属感的焦虑。