(2017-2019)高考英语真题分类汇编专题20 完形填空说明文、议论文(学生版)

三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编
专题20 完形填空说明文、议论文
一、2019年高考真题（无）
二、2018年高考真题（无）
三、2017年高考真题（无）
2016年高考题
【2016·上海】Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions For each blan in the following passage there are four words or phrases mared A, B, C and D. Fill in each blan with the word or phrase that best fits the contet.
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the ey thiners in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory and Theory Y. Theory is the idea that people instinctively 51 wor and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in wor.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory . They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to wor effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, maes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlie authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well nown for the consultative nature of decision-maing—all members of the department or wor group are ased to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some eperts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to mae decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsiing 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment taes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organiation, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people lined by e-mail and the Internet wor on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire B. see C. lose D. dislie
52. A. contrary B. epectation C. degree D. etreme
53. A. vice versa B. for eample C. however D. otherwise
54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
58. A. bossy B. eperienced C. western D. male
59. A. asing B. training C. warning D. firing
60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
65. A. opinion B. ris C. performance D. attractiveness
2015年高考试题议论文类
【2015·广东】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age thin that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucy. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sity-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to eperience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, ma ny men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.
As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citiens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.
1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. etremely
3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier
6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing
7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure
8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value
9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases
10. A. poor B. young C. sic D. quiet
11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases
12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices
13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement
14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission
15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay
2014年高考试题议论文类
【2014·广东卷】完形填空
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tass. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the
other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermaret.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For eample, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers eperience the 10 of their actions can do better. For eample, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drin in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.
Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parent s should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
1.A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar
2.A. interest B. argument C. lin D.nowledge
3.A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. loced
4.A. homewor B. housewor C. problem D. research
5.A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing
6.A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes
7.A. comple B. popular C. scientific D. successful
8.A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly
9.A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature
10.A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills
11.A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider
12.A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust
13.A. reply B. attend C. attach D. tal
14.A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop
15.A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising
2015说明文
1.【2015·重庆】B
Imagine the first days in a new time one. Slow to respond to the 28 , your body cloc is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are29 jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can wor just as 31.
For eample, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological bloc to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Waling around the cabin（客舱）can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and waefulness.
28. A. flight B. change C. demand D. climate
29. A. suffering from B. woring on C. looing into D. leading to
30. A. danger B. problem C. waste D. fear
31. A. briefly B. slowly C. suddenly D. effectively
32. A. checing B. sending C. adjusting D. stopping
33. A. awae B. alone C. hungry D. calm
34. A. though B. so C. whole D. or
35. A. understanding B. cycle C. research D. trend
2.Directions For each blan in the following passage there are four words or phrases mared A, B, C and D. Fill in each blan with the word or phrase that best fits the contet.
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on roc walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of boos and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They as, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to thin attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them tal for 3,
6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were ased to 5
7 what ind of relationship they were liely to build with their partners. After nine wees, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The 60 nows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals lie pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thining.
51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial
53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle
54. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created
55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions
56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions
57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall
58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature
59. A. memorie B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question
60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand
61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior
62. A. disappointed B. amaed C. confused D. gifted
63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals
64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess
65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating
2014高考题说明文
【2014·重庆卷】
Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and 28______ them. Here are some 29______ on how to fit in.
Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_____ at some point. What you do can mae locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31_____. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that cray foreigner.”
Wearing proper cloths is important too, 32_____ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, eposing your flesh is 33______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.
Also be cautious about epressing 34______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just maes you loo silly. In some countries it is 35______ to iss in public.
1. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove
2. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices
3. A. unsafe B. ecited C. satisfied D. awward
4. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction
5. A. but B. for C. so D. or
6. A. forbidden B. allowed C. epected D. tolerated
7. A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views
8. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary。