【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)含解析

【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
As a volunteer teacher, I moved into an apartment with eagerness. Sorting all the necessary paperwork out, I got ready to start my work. Great, or so I thought. At 4 a.m. and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awaken by the cock that lives opposite me. Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning.
In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend. Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.
As for the general Lack of equipment in the hose, there was no oven. tin opener, or sharp knives. It turns out making a vegetarian burger from scratch wasn't the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. I'm not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out, I spent the fallowing 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world.
Luckily, I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I am learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具).
（1）How did the author feel about her new life upon her arrival?
A.She was nervous to kick off the new job.
B.She was annoyed with the rude students.
C.She was full of enthusiasm about her new life.
D.She was satisfied with five alarm clocks in her room.
（2）What was the trend in the following weeks?
A.Her flat became dirtier.
B.she developed disability.
C.Things began to go wrong.
D.More clothes needed mending.
（3）What happened when the author was making a burger?
A.She suffered a big fire.
B.She made a terrible mistake.
C.She was seriously injured.
D.She broke her phone accidentally.
（4）What can be inferred about the author from the end of the passage?
A.She will go on living here.
B.She will resign from her job.
C.she will more into a new flat.
D.She will buy new daily necessities.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，作者去西班牙的一个漂亮小岛上做英语老师，虽然拥有自己的公寓，可是里边的生活用具很老旧，给作者的生活带来了诸多不便。

这让作者学会了如何利用有限的生活用品去生活。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“As a volunteer teacher, I moved into an apartment with eagerness. Sorting all the necessary paperwork out, I got ready to start my work. Great, or so I thought.”可知，作者怀着迫切心情搬进公寓，整理好各种文件做好开始工作的准备，心想一切还不错。

所以作者刚到的时候是满怀热情的。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, shower, doors or glass shelves.”；以及“If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.”可知，接下来的几周作者所住的房子里东西每天损坏一件，不坏的东西要么脏了，要么找不到了，洗衣篮里都是虫子。

据此可推知，事情开始出问题。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“ I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on Smoke soon started to appear.”可知，作者本来知道不能把将金属烤架放进微波炉里，但是她还是这样做了，导致冒烟，发生了故障。

据此可知，作者在做汉堡时犯了个错误。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“ I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited，broken utensils(用具)”可知，作者还在学习如何利用有限的破旧的日常用品适应生活，因此推测她还会继续住在这里。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Resorts of every kind have sprung up to cater to the Englishman need to spend a part of the year, however briefly, by the seaside. No town in Britain is more than eighty miles from the sea and there are seaside resorts all around the coast. On a summer Sunday most of the roads that lead to the sea axe congested with cars full of people eager to get a breath of sea air. In the evening when everyone is full of food, ice-cream and lollypops, there is the long slow drive home on roads crowded with returning cars.
Brighton
Brighton is one of the best-known south coast resorts and is very popular for day trip excursions. It is only fifty miles from London and can be reached by fast train in an hour. At the weekend the pebbled beaches are thronged with people sunbathing or picking their way to the
water's edge for a dip.
Bournemouth
Located a hundred miles from London, the beaches are wide and sandy. White Houses line the cliff tops and narrow valleys, densely wooded with pine trees, reach down to the shore. The area near to the town of Torquay on the Devon coast is sometimes called Britains Riviera and the climate is so mild that palm trees grow along the sea front.
Blackpool
On the north-west coast, a popular resort for the people in the industrial north, Blackpool is a gay, noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities and the magical lights. At night people travel from miles around to see the extravaganza of lights decorating the sea front.
Southend
On the east coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend is, like Brighton, one of the favorite resorts of Londoners. The pier here is the longest in Britain and offers a great variety of differing entertainments.
（1）Why do people often have a long slow drive home on roads in summer?
A. Because it is extremely far from the sea.
B. Because people are full of food, ice-cream and lollypops.
C. Because too many returning cars often make a traffic jam.
D. Because people are attracted in the resorts so they leave slowly.
（2）Which resort is famous for its entertainments and grand lights?
A. Blackpool.
B. Bournemouth.
C. Briton.
D. Southend.
（3）Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. There are palm trees growing near Bournemouth.
B. Southend has the longest pier in Britain.
C. People crowded into the water's edge at Briton for a quick swim.
D. Southend is a better preferred resort than Briton by London locals.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了不列颠海岸线上4个供英国人在海滩度过每年的大量时间的度假胜地。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“In the evening when everyone is full of food, ice-cream and lollypops, there is the long slow drive home on roads crowded with returning cars.”可知因为返程车辆致使路上拥堵，人们装满食物慢慢开车回家。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Blackpool 部分中的“On the north-west coast, a popular resort for the people in the industrial north, Blackpool is a gay, noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities and the magical lights. ”可知Blackpool以其娱乐设施和奇妙壮丽的灯光而著名。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据Southend 部分中的“On the east coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend i s, like Brighton, one of the favorite resorts of Londoners.”可知Southend和Brighton 同样都是伦敦人最爱去的地方。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Our mother earth is going through a very tough situation and we, the entire human race, are destroying our environment or unconsciously without even realizing its consequences. Now we have to act very smartly and plan something to sustain what we still have, getting all necessary support from nature to lead healthy lives.
Gardening is always an excellent and environmentally friendly idea. If you can go for sustainable gardening, then it will be even more useful for all. Gardening is a favorite hobby for many. It is time to channelize your hobby towards a more meaningful motivation.
When we do gardening we need to use different ingredients to grow plants. Some of them are natural resources like water, soil, sunshine, and many things like this. Using these resources smartly is a part of sustainable gardening. Some simple techniques include: use less water and organic things to grow plants; try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening; try using less energy to drive devices; avoid using plastics in any form while gardening; reuse the leaves from your garden to fertilize them. These are the basic sustainable measures. To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.
In today's busy life we don't get much time to spend on our environment. Gardening gives us a chance to do so. We can also have some pesticide-free and fresh food if we grow them in our garden. This is the right time to do some good to protect our own environment and gardening is one of the easiest ways. Do you want to start gardening, but you're not sure how? Click here: http://www. Garden how e.
（1）What does the underlined word “channelize" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Cause.
B. Transform.
C. Direct.
D. Associate.
（2）Which of the following belongs to a sustainable measure?
A. Using advanced electrical machines.
B. Avoiding fertilizers.
C. Watering plants with collected rainwater.
D. Clearing away the leaves.
（3）What is the benefit of sustainable gardening?
A. It requires little water.
B. It needs no fertilizer.
C. It breaks up plastics.
D. It doesn't waste any resource.
（4）Where is the passage probably taken from?
A. A newspaper.
B. The Internet.
C. A guidebook.
D. A science report.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍怎样合理利用资源发展园艺，不浪费资源，不产生对环境有害的物质以保护地球。

（1）考查词义猜测。

本句中channelize来源于channel“渠道，频道”，根据已有的意思于选项相结合可知，channelize为指导，导向的意思，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening”可知，使用存储的雨水来浇灌植物，是属于可持续发展的措施，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第三段中的“To do so we need to have proper k nowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.”可知，用这样的方法，可以合理利用资源，不浪费资源，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Click here: http://www. garden how .”可知，本文来源于网站，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. "The woods" was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend's house and found him not at home, his mother might say, "Oh, he's out in the woods," with a tone (语气) of airy acceptance. It's similar to the tone people sometimes use now a days to tell me that someone I'm looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even "away from his desk". For us ten-year-olds, "being out in the woods" was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while.
We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring (探索). Exploring was a more popular idea back then than it is today. History seemed to be mostly about explorers. Our explorations, though seemed to have less system than the historic kind something usually came up along the way. Say we stayed in the woods, throwing rocks, shooting frogs, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian burial mound.
Often we got "lost" and had to climb a tree to find out where we were. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be skeptical; the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees. There were four or five trees that we visited regularly-tall beeches easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.
It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence (青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.
（1）The author and his friends were often out in the woods to .
A. spend their free time
B. play golf and other sports
C. avoid doing their schoolwork
D. keep away from their parents
（2）What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. The activities in the woods were well planned.
B. Human history is not the result of exploration.
C. Exploration should be a systematic activity.
D. The author explored in the woods aimlessly （3）The underlined word "skeptical" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. calm
B. doubtful
C. serious
D. optimistic
（4）The reason why we visited the four or five trees regularly is the following except that .
A. they were tall beeches
B. they were easy to climb
C. they were not hi to climb
D. they were comfortable to sit in
（5）How does the author feel about his childhood?
A. Happy but short.
B. Lonely but memorable.
C. Boring and meaningless.
D. Long and unforgettable.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时侯玩耍的“树林”对与作者和朋友们的意义。

讲
述了我们在“树林”中所从事的活动——探索，以及随着年龄的增长，不再去那里的经历。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while.”可知，作者和朋友们经常“去树林中”是为了
度过他们的休闲时光。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Our explorations, though seeme d to have less system than the historic kind something usually came up along the way. ”可知，但是我们的探索与历
史上的相比不够系统，有些东西通常都是在沿途中偶然出现的，因此推断作者探索是无目
的的。

故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high en ough to see anything except other trees.”可知，最高的
树枝通常太细以至于不能承重，所以我们从来不能爬到可以看到除了树以外的其它事物。

因此推断爬到树上找出路是“不可信；怀疑的”的，与B项意义相近。

故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“There were four or five trees that we visited regularly-tall beeches easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.”可知，有四五棵树是我们经常去参观的——它们由高大的树枝，容易爬上去，坐在上面也很舒服。

故选C。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“ For us ten-year-olds, ‘being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while.’”可知，作者和小伙伴们在“树林”里很快乐；
以及最后一段中的“We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.”可推断在不知不觉间作者和小伙伴们都
已经长大了，时光过的很快。

所以作者对童年的感觉应该是快乐的，短暂的，但又是难忘
的。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide" said researchers from the National University of Singapore.
45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.
" We do not yet know the mechanisms(机制)involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected," the researchers said. "Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify."
The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物)smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing.
Warm-blooded animals aren't immune(免除)from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaken And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.
This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.
The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.（1）What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Why some species become smaller.
B. How climate changes in Earth's history?
C. Climate change has many negative effects.
D. Species are becoming smaller as climate gets warmer.
（2）The underlined word "trumped" m the first paragraph probably mean_________. A. strengthened B. gained C. beaten D. equaled （3）Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that________.
A. they have found the exact causes for creatures getting smaller
B. all the animals on the earth have become smaller
C. climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals
D. increase in energy use can lead to creatures getting smaller
（4）What does the author feel about the climate change?
A. Disappointed
B. Optimistic
C. Worried
D. Shameful 【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖导致许多生物个体变小这一现象，气候变化已对浮游生物产生了有害影响，人类需要尽快采取措施。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide”可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种反而变小。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide” 可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种变小。

可知气候的变化打败了二氧化碳带来的影响。

故“beat”与该词同义。

选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.”可知大量使用的能源导致物种体型变小。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.”可知作者担心现代气候变化的速度太快导致有机体无法迅速做出回应。

可知作者对气候变化很担心。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
How much television do you watch? Did you really give an honest answer? A recent study shows that people aren't totally truthful about their television-watching habits.
The study in question was conducted at Ball State University in the US. Researchers there wanted to find out how much television people view according to their age. The study was paid for by a council associated with the Nielsen Company, which determines television ratings. The conclusions were that people spend more than 8 hours a day looking at a screen. This included cell phones and computers，but the majority were television screens.
There are three interesting things about this study. The first is that people are exposed to more than one hour of advertisements per day. The second is that even with access to DVDs and internet videos, television is still the most popular media source. The third is that the amount of screen-watching people do is relatively the same from the ages of 18-65.
So, if everyone is watching television, why lie about it? Well, if someone admits they watch television for five or six hours, they could be considered a couch potato. Michael Phillips, one of
the study's main researchers, says, “There's a social stigma for people who watch too much television. Sometimes, however, watching the latest reality show or the funniest sitcom gives co-workers and friends fun things to talk about.”
Even if you do watch a lot of television, perhaps we can use this study as a reason to be honest with ourselves about how much time we spend in front of the television. I mean, after all, everyone else is doing it...
（1）Why do people lie about how much TV they watch?
A. Because the show they watched is not the latest.
B. Because they may be laughed at by co-workers or friends.
C. Because they don't want others to know what they watched.
D. Because there's something negative attached to watching too much TV.
（2）Which of the following is true according to the study?
A. The most popular media source is the internet.
B. 18-year-olds watch more TV than someone in their 60s.
C. People are exposed to over than an hour of advertisement a day.
D. Researchers say that people watch over 8 eight hours of television a week.
（3）How could people feel to be considered as a couch potato?
A. comfortable
B. ashamed
C. excited
D. satisfied
（4）What idea does the author mainly want to express with the article?
A. what the effects of watching TV are.
B. how much television we should watch every day.
C. there are some interesting facts of watching TV.
D. people lie about how much television they watch.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者分析了人们瞒报看电视的时间的原因。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“There's a social stigma for people who watch too much television. ”可知看太多电视，被认为不光彩，由此推知，看电视太多与消极的东西联系在一起，故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The first is that people are exposed to more than one hour of advertisements per day.”可知人们每天被暴露在广告下的时间超过一小时，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“There's a social stigma for pe ople who watch too much television. ”可知看太多电视，被认为不光彩，由此推知当一个人被认为是一个成天看电视的人，他会感觉很羞耻，故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。

根据全文的主题句“A recent study shows that people aren't totally truthful about their television-watching habits.”可知这篇文章主要讲了人们瞒报看电视的时间，作者对其中的原因进行了分析，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正
确答案。

7．阅读理解
Tired of eating at the same boring restaurants? Looking for a change? Here are some restaurants that offer an original restaurant experience. See for yourself which ones you fancy.
An Exciting Dinner
Looking for something adventurous? The Archipelago in London is just the thing for you. One of the most popular dishes in this restaurant is crocodile. Yes, you read it correctly, crocodile. If that is not daring enough for you, there are plenty of other dishes on the menu.
A Restaurant with a View
Want to enjoy the sights while you're eating? Try the Top of the World restaurant. At about 244 meters above Las Vegas, diners can enjoy a spectacular view of Las Vegas in this revolving restaurant. However, the real adventure starts at the end of the meal. That's when the customers are taken from their seats at ground level to the observation rooms in elevators that travel at a remarkable speed.
A Theatrical Experience
Longing for dinner with some drama? Dine with mimes at Mime in Manchester. The service is unique. Your waiter will communicate your order in mime and keep you entertained with performances in between courses.
An Unusual Setting
Don't care about presentation? You'll be fine at the Modem Toilet restaurant in Taiwan. The theme of this restaurant is the toilet, and you would be surprised how many people queue up for the experience of eating on toilet seats.
（1）What would you expect at the Top of the World restaurant?
A. A free ride
B. An interesting menu
C. A show during the meal
D. A bird's-eye view of London
（2）Which restaurant requires customers to order in an unusual way?
A. Archipelago
B. Top of the World
C. Mime
D. Modem Toilet
（3）Where is the passage likely to be taken from?
A. A research paper
B. An entertainment magazine
C. A thrilling novel
D. A fashion magazine
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个有特色的餐馆。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据A Restaurant with a View部分中的“That's when the c ustomers are taken from their seats at ground level to the observation rooms in elevators that travel at a remarkable speed.”可知在the Top of the World restaurant里吃饭，可期待免费乘骑的游乐设施，故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据A Theatrical Experience部分中的“The service is unique. Your waiter
will communicate your order in mime and keep you entertained with performances in between courses.”可知在Mime餐馆中，服务员和顾客之间用无声地比画交流，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。

这篇文章主要介绍了几个有特色的餐馆，所以这篇文章最可能出现在娱乐杂志上，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生在捕捉细节信息同时，需根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(灵长目动物) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
（1）According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of .
A. interaction
B. analysis
C. creation
D. abstraction
（2）The research into pigs shows that pigs .
A. learn letters quickly
B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship
D. can apply knowledge to new situations
（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about .
A. the similarities between mammals and humans
B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals
D. a discovery of how animals express themselves
（4）What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals
B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals
C. Science Reports on Food Animals
D. A Revolution in Food Animals
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了动物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能力。

人类不应只将它们当作食物。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。

由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。

故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板，只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。

当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。

这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。

故选D。

(3)考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals...Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies…helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。

很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。

长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转。