中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)

中考初中英语被动语态讲解（精心整理）
被动语态专题
定义
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。

英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
被动语态的时态：
“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。

请看下表：
主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。

第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。

第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。

第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。

)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。

请对比下面的主动句和被动句：
主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China.
被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China.
随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）
1.Bruce writes a letter every week.
→
2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
→
3.We grow trees every spring.
→
4.My mother cleans our room every morning.
→
补充：
①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。

若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。

用to的常见词有：give, show, se nd, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring …….
用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook ……
to him by Mary.
for her by her father.
随堂演练：
（1）He gave me a book.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（2）My father bought me a new bike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
②S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。

→
补充：
在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。

使役动词let除外。

使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）
I saw him play football on the playground just now.
→He was seen to play football on the playground by me.
随堂演练：
1. We saw them _______(play) football.
They _______ _______ ______ _______ football.
2. We often hear her _______(sing) in English.
She_____ often _____ _____ ____ in English.
另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。

I can hear him singing.
He ________ _______ ______ _______.
被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句
The photos were taken in Japan.
① (改为否定句)
②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）
被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

My bike was stolen yesterday.
(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。

The pen was used by my father.
【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。

不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place 等，没有被动语态。

被动语态注意点
含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。

She took good care of her grandmother.
→Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.
随堂演练
1.People often talk about that film.
That film is often talked ______.
2.He looks after me very well.
I ________________________________.
3. The nurse took good care of the sick man.
The sick man __________________.
4. We should speak to the old people politely.
The old people should _______________politely.
主动形式表示被动意义. (强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)
a)某些连系动词: look, smell, taste, feel, sound。

主动形式表示被动意义。

The music ________(听起来) interesting.
b)说明主语特征、状态的词。

这类词通常主动表被动。

grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼得厉害）
随堂演练
1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.
2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass ______ easily.(容易碎)
3. The pen is sold here. It well . (写起来好)
4. That book is sold here. It ________/_______well. (卖得好) (读起来好)
5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _______well. (洗起来好)
6. I like eating the food. And it ______ well (吃起来好)
7. He _______by a car yesterday. Now, his head _________(疼)badly.
c)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常主
动表被动。

d)need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。

need doing sth = need to be done
want doing sth = want to be done
require doing sth = require to be done
be worth doing sth 值得被做某事
My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。

我的旧自行车需要修一下。

随堂演练
My clothes need ___________ (wash).
The book is worth ___________ (read) twice.
The house needs __________(repair).
表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die, disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to
随堂演练
1. In summer, leaves ________(落下) .
2. His car ________(抛锚了)on the way here.
3. An accident _____(发生) and he _____(死了).
4. Great changes __________(发生) over the years.
5. A big cloud ________(出现) when the sun _______(消失).
6. Our teacher told us the sun ________(升起) in the east.
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友Bill给你发了一封电子邮件, 想了解你的梦想职业。

请认真阅读下面的邮件, 根据信中的内容和你的实际情况给他写封回信。

要求:1. 参考提示语, 可适当发挥；
2. 语句通顺, 意思连贯, 书写工整；
3. 文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；
4.词数: 不少于70词（开头已给出, 但不计入总词数）。

Dear Bill,
Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. ____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. Teaching is my dream job because I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems. I am outgoing and helpful. I get on well with children. Besides, the school's environment appeals to me and staying with students helps to keep me young and alive. To realize my dream, I have to make full use of spare time to acquire the essential knowledge and enter a good university. What efforts are you making for your dream?
Tell me about your ideal job!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本题通过描写梦想中的职业，让学生对未来有憧憬，给一部分提示词，让学生有话可说。

【详解】
首先回答职业是教师。

然后解释为什么喜欢该工作，因为可以把自己的知识分享给孩子们，并且喜欢学校的环境。

为了实现自己的梦想，正在为此作出努力。

最后向Bill提出问题，结束全文。

【点睛】
本文首先开篇功能句Thank you for your letter.然后开始主要内容，运用多种连接词，比如because，Besides，To realize my dream, 等使文章连贯性强，长短句结合，读起来朗朗上
口，不失为一篇佳作。

3．假如你是李明，5月18日星期六这一天，你与几位同班同学一起参观了水上公园(Water Park)。

请根据下面的内容提示，写一篇日记。

(1)乘.坐大巴约一小时后到达目的地，游客多；
(2)上午划船，下午看了许多动物，例如…：
(3)碰到几位外国朋友并与他们交谈：
(4)看到了乱扔垃圾、插队等不良现象：
(5)你的感想…
参考词汇：.插队cut in line
要求：
(1)词数：80〜100个。

(2)短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数
(3)要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥•
May 18, Saturday Fine Today I visited Water Park with several of my
classmates.______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
【答案】May 18, Saturday Fine
Today I visited Water Park with several of mv classmates. It took us about an hour to get there by bus. When we arrived, there were a lot of visitors.
In the morning, we went boating and enjoyed ourselves. We saw many animals, such as pandas, giraffes and monkeys in the afternoon. They are so lovely. We met some foreign guests and talked with them happily. However, during our visit we saw some people throwing rubbish and cutting
in line.
In my opinion, it is our duty to protect the environment and follow the rules in public. And I hope changes will take place in the future.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇给材料作文，要求写参观日记。

动笔前应根据材料内容组织语言，列出简单提纲，确定句子的时态和关键单词等问题。

为了使语言更显亲切，在写作时主语用第一人称，时态以一般过去时为主。

同时注意时间状语与时态的搭配及主谓一致问题，适当使用连词，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误，做到语意连贯。

【点睛】
此类作文首先要做的就是认真阅读题目要求，结合所给材料确定内容，不能跑题偏题。

写作中注意一些基础的写作常识，不犯低级错误。

只要平时积累足够，就一定能获得满意的分数。

另外为了应对考试，可以有选择的背诵一些范文，这样应考时就会有法可依。

4．朋友是我们生活的组成部分，他们总是在我们最需要帮助的时候陪伴我们。

你最好的朋友是谁？你是怎么看待你们的友谊的？请以“My Best Friend ”为题，根据以下提示写一篇英语短文。

1. 简要介绍你最好的朋友的外貌和性格;
2. 介绍和你朋友之间发生的一件令人难忘的事；
3. 你是怎样看待你们之间的友谊的
要求：
1. 语句连贯通顺，文章衔接紧密
2. 词数80-100
3. 文中不得出现真实校名及姓名
Friends are very important in our life. They always help us when we are in need.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________【答案】My best friend
Friends are very important in our life. They always help us when we are in need. Everyone needs friends to talk with and get confidence from.
My best friend is Jenny. She is a quiet girl. She is always friendly and helpful. She is a tall girl with long hair. She does well in all the subjects and gets on well with others at school.
I was weak in maths. One day, I failed in maths exam. I was so sad that I couldn’t help crying. Jenny encouraged me a lot. From then on, she helped me with my maths, With her help, I got an A in the next maths exam. I was really thankful to her.
I think friendship is a necessary part of our lives. I want to keep our friendship forever.
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：这是一个提纲作文。

题目给出了标题及写作要点。

根据题目要求可知，人称以第三人称为主。

时态为一般现在时和一般过去时。

我们要做的就是用正确的英语句子来组织这些材料，在描写外貌和性格时，会用到系表结构，注意主谓一致关系。

介绍发生的一件难忘的事情，要用到一般过去时态。

另外在写作时可以适当使用一些连词，使之上下连
贯，合乎逻辑。

【点睛】
人物介绍是记叙文中常见的一种写作类型。

内容可以是介绍自己也可以介绍他人，包括姓名、年龄、外貌特征、兴趣爱好，有时也可以包括日常活动。

时态为一般现在时态。

在介绍长相时用“be+形容词”来描述人物的身高、体重、身材等；用“have/has + (straight/curly) hair / (big/small) eyes/nose/mouth”来描述头发或五官。

用“wear + 某种衣服”来介绍某人的穿戴。

用be good at doing sth.来介绍特长，用like sth./doing sth.best或“My/His/her favorite + 名词+ is …”来介绍某人的最爱。

当主语是第三人称单数时，注意主谓一致关系。

5．书面表达
初中就要毕业了，校报“英语角”栏目向同学们征集毕业晚会的计划。

假定你是李华，请根据要点写一封信，说说你的计划。

要求：1.要点完整，可适当发挥，使句子通顺，连贯; 2.正确使用语态，语法正确，书写整洁。

3.80词左右，开头结尾己给出，不计入总词数; 4.文中不得出现真实姓名和地名。

Dear editor,
I am very happy to have the chance to show my plan for the graduation party.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________
Best wishes,
Yours Lihua
【答案】Dear editor,
I'm very happy to have the chance to show my plan for the graduation ceremony. The ceremony will be held in our school hall at 7 o’clock on June 28th.I have planned three activities for it. First of all, we would like to invite our headmaster to make a speech and give us his best wishes for a
bright future. After that, every one give each other gifts and blessings. And then each class will give a wonderful performance. In the end, some pictures will be shown to share the happy time we have had together.
This is what we will do. I hope you will choose my plan.
Best wishes,
Yours,
Li hua
【解析】
【分析】
这篇书面表达主要是推荐自己的毕业晚会计划。

【详解】
这是一篇给材料作文，介绍毕业典礼活动计划。

结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一，三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。

写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。

6．假如你是李华，你校正举办英语读书节活动,你在参与活动的过程中遇到一些困难。

请给你的英国朋友Nick写一封email向他求助。

要求：
1.80—120 词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;
2.文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。

参考要点：
1.活动情况简介(时间、内容……);
2.遇到的困难(如：缺少相关书籍、英语阅读困难……)；
3.请求帮助的事项。

Dear Nick,
How’s everything going?
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________
Yours,
Li Hua 【答案】Dear Nick,
How’s everything going?
Our school is holding an English reading festival this June. I’m very interested in it. There are many different activation in the festival such as reading good English books. sharing good stories and so on. It’s a good chance for us to learn more about western cultures. However, I have some problems. First, I don’t have enough books. For example, I want to get some books about western history. Next, I’m not so good at English, I have trouble in reading. Would you please share some
good books with me and give me some advice on reading?
I expect to hear from you soon.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua 【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇书信作文。

假如你是李华，你校正举办英语读书节活动,你在参与活动的过程中遇到一些困难。

请给你的英国朋友Nick写一封email向他求助。

首先要注意书信的书写格式，文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要为第一人称。

在写作时，要注意理顺要点，防止漏写；注意紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。

同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。

最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查字数是否符合要求。

参考要点：
1.活动情况简介(时间、内容……);
2.遇到的困难(如：缺少相关书籍、英语阅读困难……)；
3.请求帮助的事项。

7．书面表达
初中生活即将结束。

在这三年里你的生活中定不乏难以忘怀的人或事，请以“An unforgettable in my school life”为题，用英语写一篇短文。

讲述
一个你最难忘的人或事。

要求: 1.请补全题目，如teacher. classmate或trip等:
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校姓名;
3.语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺，80词左右。

【答案】An unforgettable teacher in my school life
For these three years, I regard my English teacher as one of my best teachers. She not only helps me with my English but also cares for me in life. When I first learned English ,I dared not talk in her class because of my pronunciation. She taught me how to pronounce the words correctly again and again with patience. After class , she gave me lots of advice on how to learn English well. Now I can speak English as well as my classmates. She looks after me like my mother while I am busy studying. We have fun doing sports together .She is so kind and helpful that I can’t forget her in my school life.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇是话题作文，介绍自己难忘的人或事。

【详解】
1.本篇要求学生自己补全题目，确定写作的目标，写自己3年初中校园生活里难忘的人或
事，描述难忘的人用第三人称，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，开头和结尾一般性阐述，用一般现在时；书写时要围绕中心“unforgettable”，叙述清楚具体的事件或情节，文章结构要清晰明了，注意短语、句型的正确使用。

2.本篇例文叙述难忘的英语老师，开头句“regard my English teacher as one of my best teachers.”直入主题，正文部分详细描述了老师如何耐心的多方面的帮助自己，结尾句.She is so kind and helpful t hat I can’t forget her in my school life.呼应中心词unforgettable。

整篇文章结构严谨，紧扣主题，前呼后应。

3.高分亮点：巧用连词，not only…but also，because of as well as，so…that…句子得以有机结合；短语how to do sth，teach sb to do sth，care for也为文章的语言增色不少。

8．紧张而又忙碌的初中生活即将结束，在装载你收获的行囊----成长记录袋中还应增添一份你自己满意的答案。

根据上述提示，请以“My Unforgettable Junior High School Life”为题写一篇文章，记录你难忘的校园生活。

首句已给出。

注意：. 1.语言通顺，句子连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
2. 短文中不得出现任何人名、校名或能够透露你个人身份的相关信息。

3.词数80左右，信件的开头已给出，不计入总词数。

My Unforgettable Junior High School Life
How time flies!
【答案】How time flies! My colorful junior high school life is nearly ending. Here is what I think of about myself.
In the past, I was busy learning my subjects and worked hard at them. I got on well with my classmates. I was good at English. I liked playing basketball / football / volleyball. But now I am interested in history, because it is very interesting. I have many interests such as reading books, playing sports and so on. In this way, I’ve got more knowledge and improved my life.
In the future, I’ll try my best to do better. I’ll learn to enjoy my school life. I’ll make it more and more beautiful. Believing myself is the key to success.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文要求我们以My Unforgettable Junior High School Life为题，回想一下自己即将过去的初中，讲述难忘的初中生活。

题目中用思维导图，列出了一些文章中会用到的关键词，供学生们参考使用。

审题可知，这篇短文应以一般过去时、第一人称为主来叙述。

题目中并没有给出具体的写作内容，学生们应发挥自己的想象力，可以从自己的学习、爱好、与同学的交往、与老师的相处以及自己的感受等方面进行详细阐述。

写作时应注意：首先要展开合理想象，补充文章细节内容，注意各部分内容之间的层次，内容要完整、充实，结构要清晰。

其次应注意英语的表达习惯和汉语是不同的，不能逐词翻译。

句子的结构要完整，可以简单句结构为主，如主谓宾或主系表结构。

为提升作文档次，应穿插使用并列句、复合句及其他复杂句式。

语句之间使用恰当的连接成分，使文意连贯、自然。

【点睛】
这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，回忆了自己的初中生活，并描述了自己的感受。

短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容充实、完整，符合题目要求。

短文中作者从自己的学习情况、与同学的交往、爱好、特长等方面进行了总结，在最后提出了对未来的希望。

层次清晰，结构合理。

其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，文章第一段引出主题，使用了一般现在时；第二段回忆过去的生活，主要使用了一般过去时；最后对未来提出希望，用到了一般将来时。

语法规范，用词准确，注意了名词、动词、形容词等的正确形式。

句式结构完整，以简单句为主，也使用了并列句、宾语从句、状语从句等复合句句型，调整了文章节奏，提升了作文档次。

短文中较好的句型有：In the past, I was busy learning my subjects and worked hard at them、But now I am interested in history, because it is very interesting、In this way, I’ve got more knowledge and improved my life.、I’ll make it more and more beautiful. Believing myself is the key to success等等。

9．假设某英文报“我爱写作”栏目为了配合创建“学习型城市”，正在举办专题英语征文比赛。

请你根据下表所列的内容要点，以“Lifelong Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，参加比赛。

注意：
1．词数90左右。

短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；
3．短文不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Lifelong Learning
When you finish high school or university，is learning done? The answer is“no．”In many countries，people continue learning all their lives．
【答案】When you finish high school or university，is learning done? The answer is“no．”many
countries，people continue learning all their lives．
Why is lifelong learning important? You go to school and learn．You study．Y take tests．But learning doesn’t only happen in school．And learning doesn’t stop wh you finish high school or university．You are learning all the time．For example，learni can happen when you go to a museum．It can also happen when you read a book．Y learn when you play a sport or when you take a trip．Learning is life! We never st learning．Every day，you can improve yourself by learning something new
【解析】
试题分析：考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示认真审题，确定文章的中心。

注意文章文体、人称和时态。

要求介绍。

同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性。

温馨提醒：考生必须认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。

写作亮点：这篇文章语言规范，叙事清楚，词汇及时态运用正确，能够把提示的内容叙述清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯是一篇不错的文章。

考点：提纲类作文。