最新八年级英语下册语法填空知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)(1)

最新八年级英语下册语法填空知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)(1)
一、八年级英语下册语法填空专项练习（含答案解析）
1．用所给单词的适当形式填空，未提供单词的限填一词，将答案写在答题卷上。

（共10小题，每小题1分）
On Friday 15 June, the students from Futian Junior High School went to Shenzhen Nursing Home to put________a concert after school. Futian Nursing Home is a home for old people who need to________（ take） care of. The concert included popular songs like You Are My Sunshine and Over the Rainbow.
Miss Xu,________music teacher, said the concert went very well. "We have prepared for it all this term, and the students sang________（beautiful）.
Mrs. Wang, who had lived in the nursing home for 11 years, said the concert made a good________（impress） on her. "I often listen to music on the radio, but it was very special to have these________（teenage） come and sing for us."
From 3 p.m. to 4 p. m, the students________（stay） at the nursing home for afternoon tea. Mike Lee, a Grade 8 student, said, "We were________（please） to meet the old people. They told us what life was like________theywere young. It is good for us________（communicate ）with each other."
【答案】 A；A；A；A；A；A；A；A；A；A
【解析】【分析】大意：六月15日，星期五，来自福田高中的学生放学后去深圳养老院举行音乐会。

学生们唱得很动听，给老人们留下了深刻的印象。

（1）句意：六月15日，星期五，来自福田高中的学生放学后去深圳养老院举行音乐会。

此处表示举行音乐会，用put on，上演，动词短语，故填on。

（2）句意：福田养老院是提供给需要照顾的老人的地方。

关系代词who和take care for 直接是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动语态关系，且结构为to be+过去分词，take的过去分词是taken，故填be taken。

（3）句意：徐小姐，音乐老师，说音乐会进行得很成功。

此处表泛指一位音乐老师，且music以辅音音素开头，其前加a，故填a。

（4）句意：我们准备了一整学期，学生唱得很动听。

副词修饰动词，修饰sang，用副词，beautiful，美丽的，其副词是是beautifully，令人满意地，美妙地，故填beautifully。

（5）句意：生活在养老院11年的王夫人说这次音乐会对她留下了很深的印象。

good后接名词，impress印象，动词，其名词是impression，可数名词，根据a，可知用其单数形式，故填impression。

（6）句意：我经常通过广播听音乐，但是有这些青少年来给我们唱歌正是非常特殊的。

these后接名词复数，teenage青少年的，其名词为teenager，青少年，可数名词，此处用其复数形式，故填teenagers。

（7）句意：这些学生呆在养老院喝茶从下午3点到4点。

描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，stay，呆，动词，其过去式是stayed，故填stayed。

（8）句意：李麦克，一位八年级的学生说，“我们见到这些老人很高兴。

他们告诉我们他们年轻时的生活是什么样子的。

对于我们而言，相互交流很好。

were后接形容词，构成系
表结构，please使高兴，其形容词是pleased，高兴的，故填pleased。

（9）句意：李麦克，一位八年级的学生说，“我们见到这些老人很高兴。

他们告诉我们他们年轻时的生活是什么样子的。

对于我们而言，相互交流很好。

”挖空前后是以一个主从复合句，空后是一个时间状语从句，引导连词，用when，当……时候，故填when。

（10）句意：李麦克，一位八年级的学生说，“我们见到这些老人很高兴。

他们告诉我们他们年轻时的生活是什么样子的。

对于我们而言，相互交流很好。

”communicate交流，动词，it is +形容词+for sb+to do sth，做某事对于某人而言是……的，故填to communicate。

【点评】考查语法填空。

首先理解文章大意，答题的过程中，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后得出确的答案。

2．用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时加情态动词或助动词
At around 9 pm Thursday, April 11th2019,the rainstorm ________（hit） Shenzhen, ________（lead）to floods that washed away the workers who ________（work）at different river areas in the districts（区） of Luohu and Futian.
Eleven people ________ （kill） in floods. ________（make） sure the workers were safe, the government ________（stop）all water projects in the two places on Saturday.
Every year there ________ （be） many events across the country. As a student, it's necessary for us to learn how ________ （protect） ourselves when we face different situations, such as earthquake, fire, rainstorm. We ________ （act）quickly and properly. We ________always ________ （remember） the heroes like Zhang Chengpeng forever for what they have done for us. Tanks to them, we can live safely and happily.
【答案】hit；leading；were working；were killed；To make；stopped；are；to protect；should/must act；will/must；remember
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了发生在深圳的一场暴雨。

（1）句意：2019年4月11日星期四晚上9点左右，暴雨袭击深圳，导致洪水冲走了罗湖和福田地区不同河流地区的工人。

根据At around 9 pm Thursday, April 11th2019可知时态是一般过去时，hit的过去式是hit，故填 hit 。

（2）句意：2019年4月11日星期四晚上9点左右，暴雨袭击深圳，导致洪水冲走了罗湖和福田地区不同河流地区的工人。

现在分词表示自然产生结果，做状语，故填 leading 。

（3）句意：2019年4月11日星期四晚上9点左右，暴雨袭击深圳，导致洪水冲走了罗湖和福田地区不同河流地区的工人。

根据washed away the workers工人们当时正在工作，故用过去进行时，主语是workers名词复数，助动词是were，故填 were working 。

（4）句意：11个人在洪水中丧生。

kill与主语people是被动关系，描述过去用一般过去时，主语是people，名词复数，故助动词是were，故填were killed。

（5）句意：为了确保工人们的安全，政府于周六停止了这两个地方的所有水利工程。

不定式做目的状语，为了，故填T o make。

（6）句意：为了确保工人们的安全，政府于周六停止了这两个地方的所有水利工程。

描述过去用过去式，stop的过去式是stopped，故填stopped。

（7）句意：全国每年都有许多事件发生。

根据Every year可知时态是一般现在时，主语
是many events，名词复数，故be动词是are，故填are。

（8）句意：作为一名学生，当我们面对不同的情况，如地震、火灾、暴雨时，我们有必要学习如何保护自己。

特殊疑问词+不定式，是宾语从句的用法，故填to protect。

（9）句意：我们应该迅速而恰当地行动。

此处表示建议或命令，should/must，应该/必须，情态动词后是动词原形，故填should/must act。

（10）句意：我们要永远记住像张程鹏这样的英雄为我们所做的一切。

英雄是必须和总是让人记住的，故此处是will/must，总是/必须，故填will/must。

（11）句意：我们要永远记住像张程鹏这样的英雄为我们所做的一切。

always是一般现在时标志，主语是复数we，故谓语的动词原形，故填remember。

【点评】考查语言综合运用能力，注意谓语的时态，语态，非谓语动词，词性，连词搭配等多种用法。

3．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Birthday is an important day in one's life, especially for children. For 365 days the child waits for that special day because he'll become one year ________（old）. Birthday is also the best time ________（have）a party with your friends and family members. To have ________ different birthday party, you have to prepare lots of ________（thing）. You should get everything ready. You may invite your friends ________（come） to the party because you hope to celebrate the meaningful day with the ones you love. It's best ________（send）some beautiful birthday invitation cards to them. There ________（be） many ways for you to have the invitation cards. You can buy some invitation cards in the shops or choose some e cards on the Internet. ________you have time, you can even make cards by ________（you）. They will show your effort to invite friends. I'm ________（sure） people would be happy to receive those hand-made cards.
【答案】older；to have；a；things；to come；to send；are；If；yourself；sure
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了过生日制作卡片和建议，过生日的时候可以邀请朋友，准备餐饮，自己徒手制作生日卡片。

（1）句意：365天里那个孩子在等待那个特殊的日子，因为他将要大一岁。

根据空缺处表示的意思是比以前大意思，更老，填入比较级，older，故答案为older。

（2）句意：生日是和您的朋友和家人一起开派对的最好时光。

根据短语be the best time to do sth，做某事的最好时光，可知空缺处填入to have，故答案为to have。

（3）句意；为了有一个不同的生日派对。

根据空缺处修饰party，可知应该填入不定冠词a，故答案为a。

（4）句意：你必须准备很多东西。

根据lots of后面加名词复数，可知空缺处填入things，故答案为things。

（5）句意：你可以邀请你的朋友们一起来到派对。

根据短语invite sb to do sth，邀请某人做某事，可知空缺处填入to come，故答案为to come。

（6）句意：最好赠送一些漂亮的生日邀请函给他们。

根据短语it's best to do sth，可知空
缺处填入to send，故答案为to send。

（7）句意：有很多种方式得到邀请卡片。

根据be后面跟了ways，复数，结合就近一致原则，空缺处填入are，故答案为are。

（8）句意：如果你有时间，你可以自己做卡片。

根据空缺处引导条件从句，可知，应该填入If，故答案为If。

（9）句意：你甚至可以自己做卡片。

根据空缺的意义为你自己，可知，应该填入yourself，故答案为yourself。

（10）句意：我肯定人们会很高兴收到手工做的卡片。

根据短语be sure+从句，可知空缺处填入sure，故答案为sure。

【点评】考查语法填空，做此类题首先熟悉文章大意，结合语法知识，确定空缺处单词的正确形式，即可。

4．根据短文内容及括号内所给单词的提示填空
My good friend is Bill. He is twelve years old. He ________（be） born （出生） in New York in 2005. At the age of seven, he ________ （start） to go to school. When he was eleven，he ________（leave） New York with his parents and moved to Washington D.C. At his new school, he ________ （meet）me. He became my deskmate （同桌）. Because some terrible things were going on, at that time I wasn't enjoying ________（I）. I didn't want to say anything to ________ （anyone）. So of course, I didn't say hello to him. However, Bill said to me with a smile （微笑） on his face, "Hi, Dale! Do you need my help?" Bill's smile made me feel better. I didn't keep silent （沉默的） anymore.
I ________ （decide） to say something to him. After that Bill and I became good friends.
Now Bill is still my deskmate. Every day he ________ （take） the subway to school with me. Like me, he ________ （study）and exercises hard. We are in good health. We always ________ （get） good grades.
5．语法填空
I haven't ________ （write） till now. I've been busy with the course and making new
friends ________ （连词）I got here. I'm speaking English with classmates all the time and going out in the evenings with ________ （they）. We're a real mix of nationalities: Chinese, Russian, Italian, Spanish… We tal k about all kinds of things ________ （介词） English and I'm learning a lot about other languages and countries, too.
My host family are very nice. The parents are very ________ （friend） and kind. The children are both in primary school and they are very sweet. But they can be a bit annoying （恼人的）too. If we have to watch the film Frozen together one more time, I‛m going crazy! I know all the ________ （song） by heart now!
We live near the school. It's a short bus ride from Edinburgh city center. There is ________ （冠词）ancient castle （城堡）and we're going there next week. Yesterday my Italian friend invited me to watch the free street shows. We ________（see） a magician doing card games—
it was so much fun!
I will send you some ________ （photo） of Edinburgh Castle next time. Take care and let me ________ （know） how you are doing.
6．阅读下面短文，在空格处填入适当的词或使用括号内词语的正确形式填空。

Do you have any special memories that you still remember when you grow up? Actually, there are a few memories in our ________ （child） that will stay with us forever. Some that seemed so terrible at that time may make us ________（smile） years later.
One such memory is a phone call I got ________I was about four years old. My mother took part in a competition on a radio show. Competitors would tell ________ interesting story about their children and the ________ （win）would get a phone call from Mr. Santa Claus who worked at the radio station. Mr. Santa Claus would give the winner's child some gifts.
When the call came, Mom talked to Mr. Santa Claus ________ （one） and then she gave me the phone. At that time, Mom had told Mr. Santa Claus that I ________（draw） on a wall with crayons. Then Mr. Santa Claus asked me about my art work ________ the phone. I regarded that man as the real Santa Claus, so I threw down the ________ and ran crying out of the room. Santa Claus would know that I had been bad!
However, I did get two soft ________ （toy） from the radio station. And I guessed Santa Claus didn't find out about the wall. Maybe he did but just forgot about it.
7．【答案】popular；enough；make；course；pay；repair；myself；save；be/ become；tell/ teach
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，叙述了随着物价和房价的上涨，在美国“自己动手”（DIY）的趋势也在继续增长。

如果你想成为一个“自己动手的人”，你可以参加一些DIY课程。

对于那些没有时间听课的人来说，还有一些书会告诉你如何自己动手。

（1）考查形容词。

句意：在美国“自己动手”（DIY）比以前更受流行。

“流行”，popular。

此处形容词比较级 more popular作表语，故填popular。

（2）考查形容词。

句意：我们没有足够的钱买它。

enough，“足够的”，在句中修饰名词作定语。

所以答案是enough。

（3）考查动词。

句意：所以我们决定试着做一些桌椅。

try to do固定短语“尽力做......”。

所以此空填动词原形make，“制作”。

（4）考查名词。

句意：罗西斯参加了一为期两周的课程。

根据不定冠词a,所以此空填单数可数名词，故填course，“课程”。

（5）考查动词。

句意：上个月，他的车坏了，不得不花420元修理汽车。

have to do 固定短语“必须做”，故填动词原形pay，“付款”。

（6）考查动词。

句意：现在我已经完成了一个汽车修理课程，我应该能够自己修理汽车。

be able to 后面接动词原形，故填repair“修理”。

（7）考查反身代词。

句意：现在我已经完成了一个汽车修理课程，我应该能够自己修理汽车。

此处指代的主语I，故填反身代词myself。

（8）考查动词。

句意：这个国家的大多数家庭都在尽一切所能来节省金钱。

此处是动词不
定式作目的状语，因此填save，“节省”。

（9）考查动词。

句意：如果你想成为一个“自己动手的人”，你可以参加一些DIY课程。

want to do 固定短语“想要做”，因此填动词原形be/ become“成为”。

（10）考查动词。

句意：对于那些没有时间去做的人，有一些书告诉你如何做你如何自己动手。

这是一个定语从句，修饰先行词books，在从句中作主语因此此空填tell/ teach，“告诉/教”。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，动词，反身代词等知识点的考查，综合性强，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，以及所给的汉语提示或首字母提示，进一步分析推理，写出正确的单词形式。

8．【答案】of；teaching；excited；enjoys；have studied；With；to try；children's；learn；to go
【解析】【分析】短文大意：越来越多的学生使用电子书学习，电子书有很多优点，比如好看的照片，可以及时分享自己的想法。

（1）句意：现在在中国西北部超过20所学校正在使用电子书。

结合短语in the northwest of China，在中国西北部，可知空缺填入介词of。

（2）句意：一些老师说他们使得学习更容易并且教学更方便。

结合短语make sth+adj，使得某物如何，空缺填入teach的名词teaching，教学，故答案为teaching。

（3）句意：景轩对一些课程如语文，英语和数学很兴奋。

短语be excited about，对……感到兴奋，可知空缺填入excited。

（4）句意：她喜欢电子书里面的图片和动画。

结合文章用了一般现在时，可知主语为she，谓语用单三，填入enjoys，喜欢，故答案为enjoys。

（5）句意：自从去年9月，这里的孩子用电子书学习。

结合句子出现了since，可知此处用完成时态，句型have done，填入have studied。

（6）句意：在电子书的帮助下，一些好的想法有时能够分享。

根据短语with the help of，在……的帮助下，位于句首首字母大写，可知空缺填入With。

（7）句意：一些父母鼓励他们的孩子尝试用电子书使得学习更容易。

结合短语encourage sb to do sth，鼓励某人做某事，可知空缺填入to try。

（8）句意：但是其他人担心他们孩子的健康。

结合句子可知，空缺的意义为孩子们的健康，可知应该填入所有格形式，为children's。

（9）句意：在将来，越来越多的学生能够用电子书学习。

结合情态动词can后面加动词原形，短语learn with，用……学习，可知填入learn。

（10）句意：然而，仍然有一段很长的路走。

短语a long way to go，很长的路走，故答案为to go。

【点评】考查语法填空，做此类题首先熟悉文章大意，联系上下文，确定空缺单词，结合语法知识，给出单词的正确形式，即可。

二、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）
9．阅读理解
Embroidery（刺绣）has a long history and can date back to the Warring States Period in China. Embroidery is very popular in many countries such as China, India and Japan. Embroidery
is the handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with needles and thread or yarn. Embroidery may also use other materials such as metal Strips, pearls, beads, quills and sequins. Embroidery is most often used on caps, hats, coats, blankets, dress shirts, denim, stockings and golf shirts. Embroidery is available with a wide variety of thread or yarn colours.
Embroidery has many unique characteristics （特点）. One of the interesting characteristics
of embroidery is the basic techniques or stitches （针法）, such as the chain stitch, the buttonhole or the blanket stitch, the running stitch, the satin stitch and the cross stitch. They are still the fundamental techniques of hand embroidery today.
Embroidery can be classified according to whether the design is stitched on top of or through the foundation fabric; and by the relationship of stitch placement to the fabric. Different embroideries have their own advantages and disadvantages. In' modern society, we can produce many different embroideries. Machine embroidery is one of them: It appears in the early stages
of the Industrial Revolution.
（1）From the passage, we can know embroidery can date back to
A. the Warring States Period
B. the Spring and Autumn Period
C. the modern times
D. the Ming Dynasty
（2）Which of the following materials cannot be used in embroidery according to the passage?
A. Metal strips.
B. Pearls.
C. Quills.
D. Wood.
（3）From the passage, how many things can embroidery be used on?
A. Seven.
B. Six.
C. Five.
D. Eight.
（4）Which of the following characteristics belongs to embroidery?
A. The flying stitch.
B. The satin stitch.
C. The flat stitch.
D. The button stitch.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了刺绣的起源，构造以及特点和用途。

（1）细节题。

根据第一段提到的Embroidery has a long history and can date back to the Warring States Period in China. 可知刺绣来自the Warring States Period，故选A。

（2）细节题。

根据第一段提到的Embroidery may also use other materials such as metal Strips, pearls, beads, quills and sequins. 可知材料不包括wood，木料，故选D。

（3）细节题。

根据第一段提到的 Embroidery is most often used on caps, hats, coats, blankets, dress shirts, denim, stockings and golf shirts. 可知一共有8个，故选D。

（4）细节题。

根据第二段提到的One of the interesting characteristics of embroidery is the basic techniques or stitches （针法）, such as the chain stitch, the buttonhole or the blanket stitch, the running stitch, the satin stitch and the cross stitch. 可知the satin stitch是它的特点，
故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意
从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

10．阅读理解
My work allows me to live in different countries. Reading books helps me to connect（联系）with my friends and family, and my home country, the UK. Here are just some books that I read a lot.
Daddy Long Legs
This book follows the story of a young girl Judy, as she goes to university and gets lots of new experiences. This book always reminds me of my mother because she used to read it to me when I was ill in bed.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
This is a science fiction book about a man's adventures（冒险经历）in space. It is really creative and has a very British sense of humor（幽默感）. For this reason, it might be a bit difficult for foreigners to understand, but when I read it, I feel a strong connection to my home. When I worked in Japan and the USA, the book was by my side.
Harry Potter
I'm sure many of you know Harry Potter books! I have read them many times since primary school. I really get lost in the stories. These days I' m reading them again in Germany.
The Railway Children.
This was one of my favorite books. It was a gift for my 13th birthday from my best friend, so it still strongly reminds me of my childhood（童年）. It follows three children and their adventures next to a railway（铁路）.
（1）Where is the writer from?
A. Germany.
B. Japan.
C. The UK.
D. The USA
（2）What does the writer think of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy?
A. Simple and fun.
B. Fun and creative.
C. Difficult to understand.
D. Important to British people.
（3）Which of the following is the writer reading these days?
A. Harry Potter.
B. Daddy Long Legs.
C. The Railway Children.
D. The Hitchhikers Guide to the galaxy.
（4）The Railway Children reminds the writer of his childhood because_______________.
A. he often read it when he was 13 years old
B. his best friend gave it to him as a birthday gift
C. he spent most of his childhood next to a railway
D. his mother used to read it to him when he was ill
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】这篇文章以表格的形式，向我们介绍了作者经常读《Daddy Long Legs》等三本书的原因。

（1）细节题。

根据Reading books helps me to connect with my family and home country，the UK.可知阅读书籍有助于我与家人和祖国英国建立联系。

故选C。

（2）细节题。

根据It is really creative and has a very British sense of humor.可知作者认为这本书富于创造性并且具有英式幽默。

故选B。

（3）细节题。

根据原文《Harry potter》那个表格里提到These days I'm reading thenm again in Germany.可知这些天我又在德国读了一遍。

故选A。

（4）细节题。

根据当作者生病的时候，作者的妈妈经常唱歌给他听，原文在《Daddy Long Legs》那个表格里，提到···she used to read it to me when I was ill.所以这里应该是给作者读书里的故事，而不是唱歌；铁路上的孩子们使作家想起了他的童年，因为他生病时，母亲常给他读这本书。

故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

11．阅读理解
March, 2013, the H7N9 virus （病毒） hit （袭击） Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and so on. It seemed that most people who were infected （被感染） with H7N9 had the common flu （流感）. Some people suffered from a fever or a cough.
Don't be afraid—it's not easy to be infected with the virus. Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it comes.
Wash your hands. You need to wash your hands with soap and hot water before you eat, after you use the toilet, and after you touch animals, because your hands may carry viruses.
Cover your nose and mouth. When someone sneezes （打喷嚏） or coughs, flu viruses can travel as far as one meter through the air, so you'd better keep a proper distance （距离） while talking to someone who has a cold. And always cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough, and then clean your hands.
Wear a mask （口罩）. Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%, but if you don't wash your hands often, it's no use wearing a mask. And it's necessary to wear the mask in the groups of people.
Do sports often. Exercises will help make your body strong enough to resist the virus.
（1）Most people who were infected with H7N9 had .
A. a common flu
B. a stomachache
C. a headache
D. a cold
（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Some people who were infected with the H7N9 virus had a toothache.
B. You should cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough.
C. Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 100%.
D. It's easy to be infected with the H7N9 virus.
（3）How many ways to stop the virus are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
（4）What does the underlined word "resist" mean in Chinese?
A. 抵抗
B. 传播
C. 感染
D. 消灭（5）What's the main idea of this passage?
A. It tells us how to wash hands.
B. It tells us why we should use masks.
C. It tells us not to touch animals.
D. It gives us some advice on how to protect ourselves when the H7N9 virus comes.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）B
（4）A
（5）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文就病毒H7N9发生时如何保护自己给我们提出了一些建议：洗你的手。

遮住你的鼻子和嘴。

戴口罩。

经常做运动。

锻炼会使你的身体足以抵御病毒。

（1）细节题。

根据 It seemed that most people who were infected （被感染） with H7N9 had the common flu 可知，大多数感染H7N9的人都得了普通流感，故选A。

（2）细节题。

本题最好用排除法解题，A选项定位在第一段第二句和第三句，选项A错误在toothache，C选项定位倒数第二段的第二句，Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%,与选项Cas much as 80%不符合，故选B。

（3）细节题。

根据题干要求以及定位到第二段Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it comes.往下数，即可得出Wash your hands. Cover your nose and mouth.Wear a mask（口罩）.Do sports often四种阻止病毒的方法，故选B。

（4）词义猜测题。

根据Exercises will help make your body strong enough to resist the virus，其中to表目的，锻炼能够有强壮的身体去抵抗病毒，也可用选项代入法解题，选取最符合文章逻辑的，故resist是抵抗的意思，故选A。

（5）主旨题。

根据本文就病毒H7N9发生时如何保护自己给我们提出了一些建议：洗你的手。

遮住你的鼻子和嘴。

戴口罩。

经常做运动。

锻炼会使你的身体足以抵御病毒，可知短文就病毒H7N9发生时如何保护自己给我们提出了一些建议，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题，词义猜测题和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

12．阅读理解
"What! You too? I thought I was the only one." Have you ever said this to someone? If so, you may have ended up becoming friends with this person.
It seemed that similarity often helps form friendships. The Greek philosopher（哲学家）Aristotle once said, "Some define（下定义） friendship as a matter of similarity. They say that
we love those who are like ourselves."
Now, there is some science behind this idea. Scientists from University of California said friends have similar brains, Scientific American reported.
The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in an experiment. Each student watched the same set of videos, which included a comedy, a discussion and a soccer match. Meanwhile, scientists studied their brains and recorded their brain activity.
According to their study, friends who watched the same video clips reacted in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains lit up while watching the videos, especially parts that were connected with motivation（动力）， learning and memory.
However, people who weren't friends had different reactions to the same clips.
"Having close friends whose brains react like ours may be rewarding because it makes one's won values, opinions, and interests strength," scientist Carolyn Parkinson told Business Insider. But brain similarity is not the only thing that can result in friendship. Scientists from the University of Leipzig, Germany, found that friendship is also based on how physically close you are to someone.
They did an experiment with first-year college students who met in class for the first time. In this experiment, students who sat in neighbouring seats were more likely to become friends.（1）What does "this idea" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Many friendships start with small chats.
B. Friends try to develop similarities between themselves.
C. People with similarities may become friends
D. We like those who like us first.
（2）The 42 university students in the experiment_____________.
A. are all from the University of California
B. were close friends before the experiment
C. watched the same set of videos
D. reacted differently from each other
（3）What did the study of the students' brains show?
A. They had watched the same video clips.
B. Friends had similar reactions to the same clips.
C. Watching videos improves one's memory.
D. It's good to have friends who react similarly.
（4）According to the story , what else may help build friendship?
A. Being fun and helpful
B. Studying at the same college.
C. Having similar appearances
D. Being physically close.
（5）The best title of the passage is "__________"
A. What is friendship
B. Friends can think alike
C. An experiment about friendship
D. How can we build friendship
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
（5）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要告诉我们相似的人或者距离较近的人更容易成为朋友。

（1）细节理解题，根据Now , there is some science behind this idea. Scientists from University of California said friends have similar brains, Scientific American reported.现在，有一些科学背后的想法。

据“科学美国人"报道，加州大学的科学家们说，朋友们也有类似的大脑，可知这里this idea是指有相似之处的人可能会成为朋友，故选C。

（2）细节理解题，根据The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in an experiment. Each student watched the same set of videos, which included a comedy, a discussion and a soccer match.科学家们邀请了42名大学生参加一项实验。

每个学生都观看了相同的一组视频，其中包括一部喜剧、一场讨论和一场足球比赛，可知答案，故选C。

（3）细节理解题，根据According to their study, friends who watched the same video clips reacted in similar ways. 根据他们的研究，看过相同视频片段的朋友也会有类似的反应，可知答案，故选B。

（4）细节理解题，根据Scientists from the University of Leipzig, Germany, found that friendship is also based on how physically close yo are to someone. 德国莱比锡大学（UniversityofLeipzig）的科学家们发现，友谊也是建立在身体上与某人有多亲密的基础上的，和 In this experiment, students who sat in neighbouring seats were more likely to become friends.在这个实验中，坐在相邻座位上的学生更有可能成为朋友，可知坐得近的学生更可能成为朋友，故选D。

（5）主旨大意题，结合文章大意主要讲述的是相似常常有助于建立友谊，希腊哲学家（哲学家）亚里士多德曾经说过，有些人把友谊定义为相似之处。

他们说我们爱那些和我们一样的人。

可知朋友可以有相同的想法，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节理解题要在文章中找到原句和细节，选出正确答案；主旨大意题要掌握文章大意，了解作者的写作意图，找到关键词，选出最佳答案。

13．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.
Tickets
Adults: $2.00
Children: Over12 $1.00 Under12 Free
Opening time: 9: 00 a. m. -4: 00 p. m.
Except Friday: 10: 00 a. m. -3: 00 p. m.
Attentions: Keep the zoo clean.
Do not touch, give food or go near the animals.
（1）How many kinds of animals are talked about in the passage?
A. Seven
B. Six
C. Five
D. Four
（2）Now Mr. Smith is in the zoo with his son aged 10, how much are the tickets together?。