高中英语 Unit 14 Careers Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)( Lesson 2

Section ⅣLanguage Points(Ⅱ)
( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)
[语言基础自测]
[高频词汇必会]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He didn't wait for an instant(片刻，一会儿)，and left immediately. 2．He has committed(投入) himself to the course of the reform.
3．He did not hesitate(犹豫) about taking the most difficult task. 4．The good teacher imparts wisdom(智慧) to his pupils.
5．Children begin to learn basic moral(道德) in the kindergarten. 6．After she overcame her shyness，she became very outgoing.
7．You must grasp this opportunity to make yourself stand out.
8．The soldier's brave deeds brought him honor and glory．
9．The building is regularly inspected by the fire­safety officer. 10．The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city. Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．legal adj. 合法的→illegal adj. 不合法的；违法的
2．constant adj. 不断的→constantly adv. 不断地
3．appoint v．任命；委派；指定；约定→appointment n. 见面，约会4．hesitate v. 犹豫→hesitation n. 犹豫
5．commit vt. 投入→commitment n. 承诺；信奉；献身；委任
6．base vt. 以……作基础→basis n. 基础，根据
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．make up 编造
2．write/take/note/put down 写下，记下3．turn up 出现，现身4．appoint sb.as/to be sth. 任命某人为
5．be surrounded with/by sth. 被……包围6．turn over 翻转
7．get over 克服
8．pay off 取得好结果；付清9．be committed to 投身于……10．hesitate to do sth. 犹豫地做某事11．judging from/by 由……判断12．thanks to 幸亏
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Thanks to your explanation，it's clear to me now. 2．I guess it is true that hard work pays off．
3．Why didn't Henry turn up at the meeting?
4．We must find out a way to get over the difficulty. 5．He was committed to the cause of world peace.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
[经典句式必背]
[核心要点探究]
[全析重点词汇]
turn up出现，到达；开大，提高，增加；找到，发现
(教材P24)Turn up at the interview a couple of minutes early.
提前几分钟到达面试地点。

汽车翻倒了，司机受了重伤。

②Be calm and sit tight and everything will turn out well.
保持镇静，顺其自然，一切都会好转。

③Please remember to turn off all the lights when you leave.
请记住离开时一定把所有的灯都关掉。

④She turned down every offer of help.别人提出的帮助她都拒绝了。

make up构成；占；化妆；打扮；配制；编造；虚构；和好；和解，补偿
(教材P24)Make up information about yourself.
编造你的个人信息。

写出下列各句中make up的含义
①I have to make up the English test I missed last week. 补上
②The chemist quickly made up the prescription. 配制
③Eight chapters make up this volume. 组成
④Bob makes up stories to amuse his little brother. 编造
⑤They often quarrel but often make up soon after. 和好，和解
⑥It took her more than one hour to make up. 化妆，打扮
she could make out the town of Chiffa.
在她右边，远远的，她依稀能辨认出希法镇。

⑧Bamboo is also made into paper.
竹子也能造纸。

⑨The group was made up of doctors.
这个团体是由医生组成的。

appointment n. 约见；约会
(教材P24)I turned up for the appointment five minutes late，so I walked straight in and sat down.
我比约定的时间晚到了5分钟，因此我径直走进去并坐下。

今晚我与他们有个约会。

②I'd like to make an appointment with Mr.Smith.
我想约见史密斯先生。

③He never breaks an appointment.
他这个人是从来不失约的。

④The young man was appointed as/to be general manager.
这个年轻人被任命为总经理。

pay off得到好结果；取得成功；还清
(教材P26)This paid off because she won an award for the report.
她的坚持获得了成功，因为她的报道获奖了。

那些不懂礼貌的人迟早要为此付出代价。

②How can I pay you back for all your kindness?
你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢？
③We'll have to pay out a lot on repairing the house.
我们将不得不为修理这房子花很多钱。

[名师点津]
pay off在表示“付清……”时是及物动词用法，而“得出好结果，取得成
功”是不及物动词用法。

commit vt.投入，犯(罪)；做(错事等)；把……委托于，交付
(教材P26)I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.
我发现，只要我具有献身精神并决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。

你要是犯了罪，就逃脱不了受惩罚。

②He committed himself to the study of plants.
他专心致志于研究植物。

③He committed himself to reforming(reform) health care.
他致力于改革健康医疗制度。

[名师点津]
commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于……”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。

existence n. 生活；存在
(教材P26)I asked Junyan what she liked most about her job and she said that although there wasn't much glory in a reporter's existence，she found it interesting and challenging.
我问君燕她最喜欢她的工作的什么地方，她说作为记者虽然没有很大荣耀，但是很有趣，很有挑战性。

滥捕鲸会使鲸绝种。

②It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.
他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。

③There exist different opinions on this question.
关于这个问题存在着不同的意见。

④New companies come into existence(exist) every year.
每年都有新的公司开业。

[突破重点句式]
(教材P24)The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.她一问完问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。

【要点提炼】the instant...“一……就……”是名词性短语引导时间状语从句。

她一进房间，我们就把她认出来了。

②I came here immediately (immediate) after having my supper.
我一吃完晚饭就来这里了。

③Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.
比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。

[随堂效果落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Gradually the surrounding (surround) farmlands turned into residential(住宅区的)．
2．Hero as/though he is，he has some shortcomings.
3．I have an appointment (appoint) with my doctor this afternoon.
4．We believe in Marxism，Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
5．The company committed most of its profits to building (build) new factories. 6．Li Na has such a good grasp of English that she can communicate with foreigners easily.
7．I'm constantly (constant) telling him to behave himself.
8．Having committed (commit) herself to this line of action，there was no retreating for bad weather.
9．The boy ran away quickly the instant (instantly) his father turned his back.
10．It is illegal (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I could hardly make out anything (辨认出任何事物) in the thick fog.
2．John studied hard before the examination，and it paid off (这得到了回报) . 3．The instant I saw her (我一见到她)，I knew she was an honest girl.
4．He tried hard to make up for my losses (弥补我的损失).
5．If you turn over (如果你翻转) a turtle on its back，it will become helpless.
[语法专项突破]
间接引语(Ⅱ)
[自主领悟]
[精要点拨]
一、时态的变化
1．时态的变化
(1)现在时间推移到过去时间
→The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960.
那老人说他自从1960年起就住在那条街上了。

He said，“Is it raining？”
→He asked if it was raining.
他问是不是正在下雨。

She said to me，“I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago.”
→She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before. 她告诉我她三天前给她父母写了一封信。

“What were you doing at seven p．m.yesterday？” he asked.
→He asked me what I was doing at seven p．m.the day before.
他问我昨天晚上七点在干什么。

He said，“We shall get ready by eight o'clock.”
→He said that they could get ready by eight o'clock.
他说他们在八点前能准备好。

(2)间接引语中保持原来时态不变
在下列情况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变。

①主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。

He thinks，“She will be back in a month.”
→He thinks she will be back in a month.
他认为她将在一个月后回来。

He says，“I have accepted her invitation.”
→He says he has accepted her invitation.
他说他已接受了她的邀请。

比较：间接引语中的谓语动词时态对比。

Sarah said to me，“I have two brothers.”
莎拉对我说：“我有两个弟弟。

”
Sarah told me that she has two brothers.
莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。

(说话者认为这情况是真实的)
Sarah told me that she had two brothers.
莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。

(说话者对此没有什么把握)
②间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。

The geography teacher said to the students，“The earth moves round the sun.”
→The geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun. 地理老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转。

He said，“Every dog has his day.”
→ He said that every dog has his day.
他说人皆有出头日。

③间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在，时态可保持不变。

He said，“The window is broken.”
→He said that the window is broken.
他说玻璃窗碎了。

④间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。

The girl said，“I was born in 1998.”
→The girl said that she was born in 1998.
那女孩说她生于1998年。

2．情态动词的变化
情态动词在间接引语中都可以改为过去式，must表示必须、推测、禁止等意思时，可不变；表示必须时可不变，也可用had to 或would have to。

The senior said，“All men must die.”
→The senior said that all men must die.
那老者说人总是要死的。

She said，“I must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon.”
→She said she must/would have to go to see the doctor the next afternoon.
她说她不得不在明天下午去看医生。

[即时演练1]
单句改错
1．He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.
watched→watches
2．He said that he are using the knife.
are→is 3．The teacher asked Li Ming where he had.
had后加been 二、代词的变化
1．人称代词的变化
①当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。

I said，“You did quite well in the exam yesterday.”
→I said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before.
我说你那天考得不错。

②直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。

He said to Tom，“I'll do my best to catch up with others.”
→He told Tom that he would do his best to catch up with others.
他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。

③直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。

He said to her，“Where did you put the glasses.”
→He asked her where she had put the glasses.
他问她，她把杯子放哪儿了。

提示：
如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语。

Mother asked，“Where have you been？”
→Mother asked me where I had been.
母亲问我去哪儿了。

“Why are you late again，John？” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked John why he was late again.
老师问约翰为什么他又迟到。

④直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。

He said to Tom，“She can help them.”
→ He told Tom that she could help them.
他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们。

2．物主代词的变化
“You should not overlook your fault”，Mum said to me.
→Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault.
妈妈对我说我不应该忽略自己的缺点。

The two boys said，“We have lost our dog.”
→The two boys said they had lost their dog.
这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。

3．指示代词的变化
直接引语中的指示代词this；these
间接引语中的指示代词 that；those
She said，“This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.”
→She said that that was the house in which Lu Xun had once lived.
她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。

“I bought these flowers for you”，Jane said.
→Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me.
简说她买了那些花送给我。

[即时演练2]
将直接引语变为间接引语
4．He said，“I am very busy.”
→He said that he was very busy．
5．He said，“Can you finish your work on time？”
→He said to me if I could finish my work on time．
6．She said，“He wants to go shopping alon e.”
→She said if I could finish my work on time．
三、状语的变化
1．时间状语的变化
He said，“I spoke to them yesterday.”
→He said that he had spoken to them the day before.
他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了。

The student said，“We have learned about 3，000 English words so far.”
→The student said that they had learned about 3，000 English words by then. 那学生说到那时为止他们已学会了3000个英语单词。

2．地点状语的变化
当直接引语变间引语时，地点状语here通常变为there。

但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点，那么仍然使用here。

“Come here，please，” he said.
→He asked me to come here.
他叫我到这里来。

(引述人地点不变)
→He asked me to go there.
他叫我到那里去。

(引述人地点发生变化)
[即时演练3]
单句改错
7．He told me that she had burst out into a flood of tears here.
here改为there
8．He said that it was nine o'clock now.
now改为then
9．He said that his sister had been there three days ago.
ago改为before
四、语序变化
当我们用自己的语言转述别人的话语时，称为间接引语。

间接引语一般构成宾语从句，用陈述句语序。

而主句部分则根据语境的需要选择适当的转述动词。

直接引语变成间接引语有以下几种情况：
(1)直接引语为陈述句：间接引语变成that引导的宾语从句。

John said，“I like reading adventure stories.”→John said that he liked reading adventure stories.
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句：间接引语变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。

He asked Mary，“Do you want to go to the concert with me？”
→He asked Mary if/whether she wanted to go to the concert with him.
(3)直接引语是选择疑问句：间接引语变成whether...or...引导的宾语从句，主句谓语动词一般用ask。

She said，“Would you like tea or coffee？”
→She asked (us) whether we would like tea or coffee.
(4)直接引语是特殊疑问句：间接引语变成由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked，“What is it all about？”
→He asked what it was all about.
[即时演练4]
将直接引语变为间接引语
10．She said, “Did you see him last night？”
→She asked (me) if I had seen him the night before.
11．“How do you feel？”the doctor asked him.
→The doctor asked him how he felt.
12．She said，“Would you like to stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic？”→She asked (me)if I would like to stay with her or go by myself on a picnic．13.“Who has broken my mirror？”Mary asked.
→Mary asked who had broken her mirror．
[应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—Mum is not in Beijing now.She has gone to Paris.
—Oh，can you tell me when she left(leave)．
2．—How about buying Tim a mobile phone? After all，he isn't a boy any more. —I think it's necessary，for we sometimes want to make sure if he will come(come) home for dinner.
3．“Can I use your bike for a moment？” the boy said to me.
→The boy asked me whether he could use my(I) bike for a moment.
4．“Wang Hua is waiting for you outside of the school gate.” Li Fang said to me.→Li Fang told(tell)me that Wang Hua was waiting for me outside of the school gate. 5．The teacher told us that light travels(travel) much faster than sound and this was why you saw the lightning first and then heard the thunder.
6．He told me that he was(be) angry.
7．Mr.Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job. 8．The teacher said that the earth goes(go) round the sun.
9．He asked Kate how her sister was then.
10．She said her(she)brother wanted to go with her.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Martin told me that he has rung Alice the day before.
has→had 2．Nina told me that Lisa is studying abroad.
is→was 3．Our English teacher told us that all work no play made Jack a dull boy.
made→makes 4．Carmen asked me that I was interested in computer studies.
that→if/wh ether 5．The teacher advised that they tried one more time and see what would happen.
tried→try。