Effects of recrystallization on the low cycle fatigue behavior of directionally solidified super
超声微锻造辅助定向能量沉积316L_不锈钢微观组织与力学性能研究
第15卷第7期孟宝，等：镁锂合金微型热管电场辅助超塑挤压成形19and Superplastic Forming of Negative Angle Box-ShapedParts[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2017:3-14.[5] 李淼泉, 吴诗. LY12CZ铝合金在强电场中的超塑性变形[J]. 塑性工程学报, 1996, 3(3): 41-46.LI Miao-quan, WU Shi. Superlastic Deformation of LY12CZ Aluminum Alloy under an Electric Field[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 1996, 3(3): 41-46. [6] 蔡春波, 高少伟, 高桂丽, 等. 脉冲电流对Al-Cu-Mn-Zr合金时效处理组织及性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理,2023, 48(4): 104-110.CAI Chun-bo, GAO Shao-wei, GAO Gui-li, et al. Effectof Pulse Current on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Cu-Mn-Zr Alloy after Aging Treatment[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2023, 48(4): 104-110.[7] WANG Yao-li, WANG Guang-xin, ZHANG Ke-ke. Elec-tro-Superplastic Solid State Welding of 40Cr/QCr0.5[J].Materials, 2018, 11(7): 1153.[8] WANG Guo-feng, LI Xiao, LIU Si-yu, et al. ImprovedSuperplasticity and Microstructural Evolution of Ti2AlNbAlloy Sheet during Electrically Assisted Superplastic GasBulging[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 99(1): 773-787.[9] YOSHIDA H, SASAKI Y. Low Temperature and HighStrain Rate Superplastic Flow in Structural Ceramics In-duced by Strong Electric-Field[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2018, 146: 173-177.[10] 林赟, 唐国翌, 孙强, 等. Inconel690合金的电致塑性拉拔研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2010, 39(24): 80-82.LIN Yun, TANG Guo-yi, SUN Qiang, et al. Investigationof Electro-Plastic Drawing on Inconel690 Alloy[J]. HotWorking Technology, 2010, 39(24): 80-82.[11] 刘建龙, 王效岗, 王皓悦. 微挤压模具设计[J]. 模具技术, 2016(5): 26-29.LIU Jian-long, WANG Xiao-gang, WANG Hao-yue. TheDesign of Micro Extrusion Die[J]. Die and Mould Tech-nology, 2016(5): 26-29.[12] 李细锋, 曹旭东, 王斌, 等. 钛合金电辅助塑性成形技术研究进展[J]. 航空制造技术, 2021, 64(17): 22-30.LI Xi-feng, CAO Xu-dong, WANG Bin, et al. ResearchProgress on Electrically-Assisted Plastic Forming Techn-ology of Titanium Alloy[J]. Aeronautical ManufacturingTechnology, 2021, 64(17): 22-30.[13] 蔡贇, 孙朝阳, 万李, 等. AZ80镁合金动态再结晶软化行为研究[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(9): 1123-1132.CAI Yun, SUN Zhao-yang, WAN Li, et al. Study on Dy-namic Recrystallization Softening Behavior of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2016, 52(9): 1123-1132.[14] ZHANG Cun-sheng, WANG Cui-xue, ZHANG Qing-you,et al. Influence of Extrusion Parameters on Microstruc-ture, Texture, and Second-Phase Particles in an Al-Mg-SiAlloy[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019, 270: 323-334. [15] XU Jie, ZHU Xiao-cheng, SHAN De-bin, et al. Effect ofGrain Size and Specimen Dimensions on Micro-Formingof High Purity Aluminum[J]. Materials Science and En-gineering: A, 2015, 646: 207-217.[16] CHEN Liang, ZHAO Guo-qun, YU Jun-quan, et al.Analysis and Porthole Die Design for a Multi-Hole Ex-trusion Process of a Hollow, Thin-Walled Aluminum Pro-file[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufac-turing Technology, 2014, 74(1): 383-392.[17] DEMIRCI H İ, EVLEN H. Effect of Extrusion Ratio onthe Wear Behaviour of Al-Si and Al-Mg Alloys[J]. Jour-nal of Alloys and Compounds, 2012, 510(1): 26-32. [18] GUAN Yan-jin, ZHANG Cun-sheng, ZHAO Guo-qun, etal. Design of a Multihole Porthole Die for AluminumTube Extrusion[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Proc-esses, 2012, 27(2): 147-153.[19] YU Zi-jian, XU Chao, MENG Jian, et al. Effects of Ex-trusion Ratio and Temperature on the Mechanical Proper-ties and Microstructure of As-Extruded Mg-Gd- Y-(Nd/Zn)-Zr Alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineer-ing: A, 2019, 762: 138080.[20] 尹传龙, 齐凯华, 翟军, 等. 难以挤压成型的铝型材断面形状的局部优化[J]. 铝加工, 2022(5): 25-28.YIN Chuan-long, QI Kai-hua, ZHAI Jun, et al. AluminumProfile does not Apply to Local Optimization of Extru-sion[J]. Aluminium Fabrication, 2022(5): 25-28.[21] 王少华, 刘惠, 陈宗强, 等. 大型带筋薄壁圆管铝型材挤压成形数值模拟[J]. 锻压技术, 2022, 47(4): 181-189.WANG Shao-hua, LIU Hui, CHEN Zong-qiang, et al.Numerical Simulation on Extrusion Forming for LargeRibbed Thin-Walled Circular Tube Aluminum Profile[J].Forging & Stamping Technology, 2022, 47(4): 181-189. [22] PARK S Y, KIM W J. Difference in the Hot CompressiveBehavior and Processing Maps between the As-Cast andHomogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7075) Alloys[J]. Journal ofMaterials Science & Technology, 2016, 32(7): 660-670. [23] LIN Y C, XIA Yu-chi, CHEN Xiao-min, et al. Constitu-tive Descriptions for Hot Compressed 2124-T851 Aluminum Alloy over a Wide Range of Temperature andStrain Rate[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2010,50(1): 227-233.[24] LIU Yong-da, XU Jie, ZHANG Zheng-wu, et al. Mi-cro-Extrusion Process and Microstructure Evolution ofMiniature Heat Pipe in 6063 Aluminum Alloy[J]. The In-ternational Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technol-ogy, 2022, 120(9/10): 6463-6480.[25] SELLARS C M, MCTEGART W J. On the Mechanism ofHot Deformation[J]. Acta Metallurgica, 1966, 14(9): 1136-1138.[26] DONATI L, TOMESANI L. The Effect of Die Design onthe Production and Seam Weld Quality of Extruded Alu-minum Profiles[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 164/165: 1025-1031.责任编辑：蒋红晨精 密 成 形 工 程第15卷 第7期20 JOURNAL OF NETSHAPE FORMING ENGINEERING2023年7月收稿日期：2023–05–29 Received ：2023-05-29基金项目：山东省重点研发项目（2021CXGC010206）Fund ：Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(2021CXGC010206) 作者简介：王硕（1997—），男，硕士生，主要研究方向为超声微锻造辅助增材制造。
211251880_底物浓度对三种不同来源的脱支重结晶淀粉的影响
田霞，田梦洋，王志伟，等. 底物浓度对三种不同来源的脱支重结晶淀粉的影响[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（11）：95−102. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070270TIAN Xia, TIAN Mengyang, WANG Zhiwei, et al. Effects of Substrate Concentration on Debranched Recrystallized Starch from Three Different Sources[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(11): 95−102. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022070270· 研究与探讨 ·底物浓度对三种不同来源的脱支重结晶淀粉的影响田 霞，田梦洋，王志伟*，周中凯*（天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院，天津 300457）摘 要：以三种不同来源淀粉（普通玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、豌豆淀粉）为研究对象，对样品进行脱支重结晶处理，分析底物浓度对三类脱支重结晶淀粉的形态、大小、结晶结构、热性质和凝胶性质等功能特性的影响。
结果表明，原淀粉表面光滑无孔洞，脱支重结晶淀粉完整性均被破坏且受浓度影响不明显；粒径随底物浓度增加而增大；相对结晶度随底物浓度增加呈先减小后增大的趋势；与原淀粉相比，三种改性淀粉的储能模量（G'）高于损耗模量（G"），凝胶强度增强，热稳定性和有序度（DO ）均下降而双螺旋度（DD ）均上升。
改性玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉在较低底物浓度（6%、10%）表现出较弱的粘弹性，而豌豆淀粉在中等底物浓度（10%、14%）表现为较高的粘弹性；DD 值随底物浓度增加而减小（底物浓度为18%样品除外）；热稳定性随底物浓度增大有所改善，但仍低于原淀粉。
胡萝卜抗冻蛋白对冷冻面团及其馒头品质的影响
胡萝卜抗冻蛋白对冷冻面团及其馒头品质的影响程毛，刘清枫，李兴霞(烟台工程职业技术学院，山东烟台264006)摘要：以胡萝卜抗冻蛋白！Carrot antifreeze protein,CaAFPs)的添加量为变量，测定其对冷冻面团的发酵力、可冻结水、馒头的比容、质构特性和感官评价的影响。
结果表明：CaAFPs可以降低冻藏后游离水含量,增强面团的膨胀能力，减轻冻藏对冷冻面团发酵能力的损伤，抑制冰的再结晶,降低冷冻面团中的可冻结水含量。
此外，CaAFPs能够提高冷冻面团的产气率和持气率，减缓弹性模量和黏滞模量的下降速度,增加面筋蛋白的交联度，提高馒头的比容、咀嚼性和弹性，降低馒头的硬度和黏聚性，改善馒头的质地和感官晶质&关键词：胡萝卜抗冻蛋白；冷冻面团；馒头；结构Effech of carrot antifreeze protein on the qualityof frozen dough and steamed breadCHENG Mao,LIU Qing-feng,LI Xing-xia(Yantai Engineer and Technology College,Yantai264006,Shandong,China) Abstract:With the addition o f cao'ot antifreeee protein(CaAFPs)as the effects on fermentability,freezing water of frozen dough,specific volume,texture chovcU/stics and sensory eveluation of steamed bread were determined.The results showed that CaAFPs could reduce the free water content af-Ur freezing,enhance the expansion ability of the dough,reduce the damage to the fermentation ability of the frozen dough by freezing,inhiOit the recrystallization of ice,and reduce the oeezing water content in the frozen dough.In addition,CaAFPs could increase the air production rate and air hold rate of frozen dough,slow down the rate of decrease of elastic modulus and viscous modulus,increase the cross一linking dove of gluten protein,Onprove the specific volume,chewinss and elasticity of steamed bread,and reduced the hodness and cohesion of steamed bread,improve the texture and sensory quality of steamed beead.Key woSs:cavot protein%frozen dough%steamed bread;structure中图分类号：TS210.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-9578(2021)01-0051-04冷冻面团是指在一定时期内进行冷冻,通过解冻等后续加工工艺获得面包，中、西式糕点等成品的面团。
不同退火条件对PEALD制备的Ga_(2)O_(3)薄膜特性的影响
annealing in different annealing atmospheres, and the increase in the proportion of N2 in annealing atmosphere is beneficial to
the recrystallization of Ga2 O3 . Furthermore, the effect of annealing time was further studied under N2 atmosphere, and the
中图分类号:O47;O484(2021)05-0838-07
Effects of Different Annealing Conditions on the Characteristics of
Ga2 O3 Thin Films Prepared by PEALD
stabilize after annealing for 30 min, and the surface grain density no longer increases. In addition, the average transmittance
of the sample in the range of 400 nm to 800 nm is almost 100% , and the light absorption edge is steep. Annealing in N2
Ga2 O3 作为氮化镓半导体的外延衬底制作垂直结构光电器件也非常具有吸引力 [14-15] 。 尽管同质外延 Ga2 O3
薄膜获得了高导通电压和低漏电流的金属-半导体场效应晶体管 [16] , 但由于体材料衬底昂贵, 目前制备
Ga2 O3 薄膜多采用异质外延生长方法,制备方法主要有:金属有机物化学气相沉积( MOCVD) [17-18] 、分子束外
13_Recrystallization_2014
Why is Recrystallization Important?
• For the Rolling Process….
– Softens the sheet for further processing – Lowers rolling loads and allows larger reductions – Reduces side cracking during rolling
TEM optical
1 µm
Metallurgy and Industrial Application of Aluminum Alloys - 2014-2015
13Байду номын сангаас
Kinetics of Recrystallization
The speed at which recrystallization occurs, and final grain size are controlled by the stored energy of the dislocations. Solute content (especially Mg) Constituent particles (usually contain Fe) Dispersoids (contain Mn, Cr, or Zr) Strain (particularly cold work) Strain rate Deformation temperature (hot or cold work)
Metallurgy and Industrial Application of Aluminum Alloys - 2014-2015 3
禀赋效应英文解释
禀赋效应英文解释The Endowment Effect: A Psychological PhenomenonThe endowment effect is a cognitive bias that occurs when individuals place a higher value on an object they own compared to the same object they do not own. This psychological phenomenon has been extensively studied in various fields, including economics, psychology, and behavioral science. It is a significant concept that helps us understand how our perceptions and decision-making processes can be influenced by our sense of ownership and possession.The endowment effect was first observed in the 1970s by economists Richard Thaler and Daniel Kahneman. They conducted experiments where participants were randomly given a mug and then asked to indicate the minimum amount they would be willing to accept to sell the mug. Interestingly, the participants who were given the mug demanded a significantly higher price compared to the participants who were asked to indicate the maximum amount they would be willing to pay to acquire the same mug. This difference in valuation, despite the object being the same, is the essence of the endowment effect.One of the primary explanations for the endowment effect is the concept of loss aversion. Humans tend to be more averse to losing something they already possess than they are to gaining an equivalent item. In other words, the pain of losing an object is perceived as greater than the pleasure of acquiring the same object. This asymmetry in the perceived value of gains and losses is a fundamental principle of prospect theory, developed by Kahneman and Tversky, which has been widely used to explain various decision-making biases.Another factor that contributes to the endowment effect is the sense of ownership and the psychological attachment individuals develop towards the objects they possess. When we own something, we tend to see it as an extension of ourselves and invest emotional and cognitive resources into it. This sense of ownership can lead to a reluctance to part with the object, even if it would be financially or practically advantageous to do so.The endowment effect has significant implications in various domains, including consumer behavior, negotiation, and decision-making. In the realm of consumer behavior, the endowment effect can influence pricing strategies, product valuation, and customer satisfaction. For example, retailers may leverage the endowment effect by allowing customers to "try out" products, as this canincrease their perceived value and make them less willing to part with the item.In the context of negotiation, the endowment effect can impact the bargaining process. Individuals who own an object may demand a higher price to sell it compared to the price they would be willing to pay to acquire the same object. This can lead to negotiation deadlocks and impede the ability to reach mutually beneficial agreements.Moreover, the endowment effect has been observed in a wide range of contexts, including the valuation of public goods, such as environmental resources, and the allocation of personal and professional resources, such as time and effort. Understanding the endowment effect can help individuals and organizations make more informed decisions, mitigate biases, and improve their overall decision-making processes.It is important to note that the endowment effect is not a universal phenomenon, and its magnitude can be influenced by various factors, such as the type of object, the level of emotional attachment, and the context in which the decision is made. Researchers have also explored ways to reduce the endowment effect, such as encouraging individuals to consider alternative perspectives or to engage in more deliberative decision-making processes.In conclusion, the endowment effect is a fascinating psychological phenomenon that sheds light on the complex interplay between our perceptions, emotions, and decision-making processes. Understanding this bias can have significant implications for individuals, organizations, and policymakers, as it can help us make more informed and rational choices, navigate complex situations, and ultimately improve our overall well-being.。
2023雅思听力g类8月试卷
2023雅思听力g类8月试卷Section 11. 题目：What is the man's full name?录音材料：Hello, my name is James Smith.答案：James Smith2. 题目：How many sisters does the woman have?录音材料：I have two younger sisters and one older sister.答案：Three sistersSection 23. 题目：What is the purpose of the talk?录音材料：Today we'll be discussing the history of architecture in Europe.答案：Discussing the history of architecture in Europe4. 题目：When does the library close on Fridays?录音材料：The library closes at 6 p.m. from Monday to Thursday and at 5 p.m. on Fridays.答案：5 p.m.Section 35. 题目：Which subject is the student finding most difficult?录音材料：I'm really struggling with physics at the moment. Maths and chemistry are okay, but physics is just too hard.答案：Physics6. 题目：How many hours per week does the woman spend on her part-time job?录音材料：I work 10 hours a week at the bookstore, usually two hours every weekday.答案：10 hoursSection 47. 题目：What is the main topic of the lecture?录音材料：In today's lecture, we'll be exploring the effects of climate change on marine life.答案：The effects of climate change on marine life8. 题目：According to the professor, what percentage of coral reefs has been damaged by human activities?录音材料：Sadly, it's estimated that about 30% of the world's coral reefs have been severely damaged by human activities such as pollution and overfishing.答案：30%额外题目（为完整性）9. 题目：Where does the man suggest meeting for lunch?录音材料：How about we meet at the Italian restaurant near the station? Their pizza is really good.答案：At the Italian restaurant near the station10. 题目：What time does the next train to London leave?录音材料：The next train to London leaves at 12:45 from platform 2.答案：12:45请注意，这些题目和答案是基于模拟场景的，真实的雅思考试会有更多种题型和更复杂的听力材料。
变形金属热处理
12
(a) Relation between angles and surface tensions at a grain boundary triple point; (b) idealized polygonal grain structure.
13
The ‘cannibalising’ of small crystals by larger ones.
21
3
The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure of cold-worked metals. (a) coldworked, (b) after recovery, (c) after recrystallization, and (d) after grain growth.
15
The structure and properties surrounding a fusion weld in a cold-worked metal. Note the loss in strength caused by recrystallization and grain growth in the heat-affected zone
14
Annealing and Materials Processing
Heat-affected zone - The volume of material adjacent to a weld that is heated during the welding process above some critical temperature at which a change in the structure, such as grain growth or recrystallization, occurs.
变性淀粉对冷冻面团面包品质的影响
离，可使消费者随时都可以吃到现烤的新鲜面 包，避免了面包长期贮存过程中出现的硬化、掉 渣、失去香味等老化现象。但在长期冻藏过程中
收稿日期：２０１３－０６—２５ 作者简介：王晓艳（１９８５一），女，工程师，主要从事变性淀粉与烘焙方面的应用研究。
万方数据
面团内部形成的冰晶和重结晶会破坏面筋网络结 构，并刺破酵母细胞使酵母死亡，此外，冻藏过 程还会影响淀粉的凝胶强度、结晶度以及淀粉老 化等，影响冷冻面团的冻藏稳定性。这些现象反 映在宏观上表现为面包比容下降、硬度增加、内 部结构变差、颜色发生变化等心Ｊ。为了克服上述 缺点，国内外研究学者通过使用抗冻酵母，优化 加工工艺或采用冷冻保护剂等方法来提高冷冻面 团的质量。
淀粉的冻融稳定性最差；添加５％三种变性淀粉后均能显著延缓冷冻面团的下降趋势，并对冷冻面团面包的
品质具有良好的改善作用。这一结果与变性淀粉冻融稳定性及冷冻面团面包比容变化趋势一致，进一步表明
变性淀粉，尤其是羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯可以有效抑制冷冻面团内部水分的迁移，降低冻藏过程中冰晶和重结
晶的形成，从而改善冷冻面团面包的内部质构。
干酵母：广东梅山马利酵母有限公司；全统酥 油：台湾强冠企业股份有限公司；其他如白砂 糖、精盐均为市售食品级；预糊化淀粉、羟丙基 二淀粉磷酸酯、乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯：苏州高峰 淀粉科技有限公司。 １．２实验设备
Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ Ｖｉｓｃｏ—Ｅ黏度计：德国Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ 公司；精密电子天平上海精密科学仪器有限公 司；ＳＭ一２５搅拌机：新麦机械（无锡）有限公 司；ＴＡ—ＸＴ２ｉ质构仪（ＴＡ—ＸＴ ｐｌｕｓ）：英国Ｓｔａ— ｂｌｅ ＭｉｃｒｏＳｙｓｔｅｍｓ公司；菜籽替代装置：美国Ｎａ—
关键词：变性淀粉；冻融稳定性；冷冻面团；面包品质
专题17 地震+水灾(热点押题)-【高频热点】2024年高考英语话题写作通关必备攻略含答案
专题17 地震+水灾【热点押题】1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I woke up to the sound of rumbling (隆隆声). At first, I thought it was thunder, but then I felt the ground shake beneath me. I sat up in bed, my heart pounding in my chest. It took a few moments for me to realize what was happening — an earthquake. I had always heard stories about earthquakes, but I had never experienced one myself. I knew that I needed to act fast to ensure my survival.The room was shaking violently, and I struggled to keep my balance. I quickly got out of bed and tried to make my way to the door. I stumbled and fell a few times, but I managed to make it to the door and open it.As I stepped outside, I met with chaos. The ground was still shaking, and I could hear the sound of buildings collapsing in the distance. People were running in all directions, screaming and crying. I knew that I needed to find a safe place to take cover.I remembered reading that doorways were one of the safest places during an earthquake, so I made my way to the nearest doorway and waited there. The ground continued to shake, and I had never felt so scared in my life.After what seemed like an eternity (永恒), the shaking finally stopped. I cautiously stepped out of the doorway, looking around at the destruction that the earthquake had caused.Buildings had crumbled to the ground, and fires were burning in the distance. I remembered that I had a survival kit in my car, so I made my way to the parking lot.When I got there, I saw that my car had been crushed by debris (碎片) from a nearby building. I realized that I was on my own. I knew that I needed to stay calm and think rationally. I looked around and saw a group of people huddled together across the street. I made my way over to them, and they welcomed me into their group.注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
因为冰川将会消融的英语
因为冰川将会消融的英语英文回答：Climate change poses significant threats to the world's glaciers, leading to their accelerated melting and contributing to rising sea levels, altered water cycles, and disruptions to ecosystems. Glaciers are vast masses of ice found in mountainous regions and the polar ice caps. They are formed through the accumulation and compaction of snowfall over thousands of years.As temperatures rise due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, glaciers respond by melting and losing mass. This melting is amplified by several factors, including the reduced albedo effect (the ability of ice to reflect sunlight) due to the formation of melt ponds on the glacier surface and the presence of impurities such as dust and debris.The melting of glaciers has far-reaching consequences.Firstly, it contributes to sea-level rise. As glaciers lose mass, the water released into the oceans adds to theoverall volume of water, causing sea levels to rise. This poses threats to coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems, leading to flooding, erosion, and salinizationof water resources.Secondly, the altered water cycles caused by glacial melting can have significant impacts on regional and global water availability. Glaciers act as natural reservoirs, storing vast amounts of freshwater. The melting of glaciers disrupts this storage and releases large volumes of water into downstream rivers and lakes. This can lead to flooding, especially during summer months when melt rates are highest. However, during the dry season, the reduced water flow can result in water scarcity, affecting agriculture, drinking water supplies, and hydroelectric power generation.Thirdly, the loss of glaciers can have severeecological consequences. Glaciers support unique ecosystems that are adapted to cold and icy environments. The meltingof glaciers threatens these ecosystems, leading to the lossof habitat for specialized species and disrupting food chains. Additionally, the release of meltwater can alter the chemistry of downstream water bodies, affecting aquatic life and ecosystems.In summary, the melting of glaciers due to climate change is a significant challenge with far-reaching consequences. It contributes to sea-level rise, alters water cycles, and disrupts ecosystems. Addressing climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to mitigating the melting of glaciers and preserving their vital role in the Earth's systems.中文回答：冰川融化的原因。
冰川的消融：气候变化的影响 英语作文
Title:The Thawing of Time:Glaciers and the Impacts of Climate ChangeGlaciers,the majestic rivers of ice,are not mere static monuments of nature but dynamic archives that record the history of Earth's climate. Their slow,stately progress carves out valleys,shapes landscapes,and regulates sea levels.However,these silent sentinels of the environment are now facing an existential threat as global temperatures rise due to climate change,causing them to retreat at an alarming rate.This significant reduction in glacier mass not only affects the immediate ecosystems but also has far-reaching impacts on global climate patterns, water resources,and biodiversity.The process of glacier melting is a direct reflection of increased global temperatures.As the Earth warms,the equilibrium between snowfall accumulation and melting is disrupted.Glaciers grow when snow accumulates over time,compacting into ice;they shrink when melting and sublimation—the process by which ice changes directly into water vapor—exceed new ice formation.Rising global temperatures tip the balance toward more melting and less ice formation,leading to reduced glacier size and even complete disappearance in some areas.This melting trend brings a myriad of environmental consequences.One immediate effect is the rise in sea levels.Glaciers and ice caps contain a significant amount of freshwater;as they melt,this water flows into the oceans,contributing to sea-level rise.This poses a severe risk to coastal communities and low-lying countries,where flooding and saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources become pressing issues.Furthermore, the loss of glaciers means the loss of a natural storehouse for freshwater. In regions dependent on glacial melt for agriculture and drinking water, such as parts of South America and Asia,this can lead to water scarcity during the dry season,affecting local economies and food security.Glaciers play a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns through their influence on ocean currents.Meltwater from glaciers contributes to the formation of cold,dense water that drives the ocean's overturning circulation,including phenomena like the Gulf Stream. Changes in glacier melt rates can disrupt these currents,potentially altering weather patterns across the globe.Additionally,melting glaciers release ancient carbon trapped in ice and soil into the atmosphere, further exacerbating climate change.The loss of ice also impacts biological diversity.Many animals,such as the Arctic polar bear,have adapted to live in close association with glaciers.As these icy habitats diminish,so too does the habitat available for these specialized species,leading to declines in their populations and, potentially,extinction.The thawing permafrost also releases nutrients and organic matter once locked in ice,leading to changes in ecosystem nutrient cycles that can affect vegetation growth and wildlife populations.In confronting the challenge of glacier retreat,it becomes imperative to address the root causes of climate change.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions globally is critical to mitigating further warming and preserving the world’s remaining glaciers.Adaptation strategies such as sustainable water management and the development of drought-resistant crops are essential to cope with the changing conditions. Research and monitoring of glaciers also play a vital role in understanding the implications of their changes and developing informed policies to protect these natural wonders.As we witness the accelerated thawing of our planet's glaciers,we are faced with a profound reminder of the delicate balance of Earth's systems and the urgent need for action to combat climate change.The fate of glaciers rests in our collective hands,and the future they foretell depends on the measures we take today to safeguard our shared environmental heritage.。
冰川消融英文作文
冰川消融英文作文The melting of glaciers is a serious issue that affects many parts of the world. It is causing sea levels to rise, which in turn leads to coastal flooding and the loss of land. This is a problem that needs to be addressed urgently.Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate due to climate change. The increase in global temperatures is causingthese massive ice formations to shrink and disappear. This not only affects the environment but also has a significant impact on the people who rely on glaciers as a source of water.The loss of glaciers also has a devastating effect onthe local ecosystems. Many species of plants and animals depend on the meltwater from glaciers for their survival. With the disappearance of these ice formations, these ecosystems are at risk of collapsing, leading to a loss of biodiversity.In addition to the environmental and ecological impact, the melting of glaciers also has social and economic consequences. Many communities rely on glaciers for water supply, agriculture, and hydropower. The loss of this valuable resource can lead to water shortages, crop failures, and energy crises.Efforts to mitigate the melting of glaciers are crucial. This includes reducing carbon emissions, investing in renewable energy sources, and implementing sustainablewater management practices. It is important for governments, organizations, and individuals to work together to address this pressing issue.The melting of glaciers is a complex and multifaceted problem that requires immediate attention. It is not only a threat to the environment and ecosystems but also to the livelihoods and well-being of people around the world. Itis essential to take action now to prevent further damage and secure a sustainable future for the planet.。
冰川消融的危害作文英文
冰川消融的危害作文英文Consequences of Glacial Retreat.Glaciers, majestic rivers of ice, serve as vital components of Earth's ecosystems. Their vast icy expanses regulate global water cycles, support biodiversity, and provide crucial resources for human societies. However, the relentless effects of climate change are causing glaciers to rapidly recede, with dire consequences for the planet and its inhabitants.Altered Water Availability and Security:Glaciers act as natural reservoirs, storing immense volumes of freshwater. Their gradual melting during warmer months replenishes rivers, lakes, and groundwater aquifers, providing essential water resources for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use. As glaciers retreat, this vital water supply diminishes, leading to water scarcity, drought conditions, and conflicts over water resources. Inregions heavily dependent on glacial meltwater, such as the Andes and the Himalayas, communities face an uncertain future with dwindling water availability.Loss of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Disruption:Glaciers and the surrounding glacial ecosystems are home to a diverse array of flora and fauna. Receding glaciers disrupt these delicate habitats, leading to the loss of specialized plant and animal species. Cryophilic organisms, adapted to the cold and icy conditions of glaciers, are particularly vulnerable to the changing climate. The disappearance of glaciers also alters nutrient cycles and ecological processes, impacting downstream ecosystems and food webs.Sea Level Rise:Glacial retreat contributes significantly to global sea level rise. As glaciers melt, the vast amounts of water released into the oceans increase their volume, leading to higher sea levels. This poses severe threats to coastalcommunities, exacerbating erosion, flooding, and salinization of freshwater sources. Rising sea levels displace populations, damage infrastructure, and disrupt entire ecosystems, particularly in low-lying coastal areas.Climate Feedbacks and Amplification:Glacial retreat amplifies climate change through positive feedback mechanisms. White, reflective glacier surfaces play a crucial role in regulating Earth's energy balance. As glaciers recede, darker land or ocean surfaces are exposed, leading to increased absorption of solar radiation and further warming. This feedback loop intensifies global warming, accelerating the pace ofglacial retreat and contributing to a vicious cycle of environmental degradation.Geopolitical Implications:Glacial retreat can have significant geopolitical implications, especially in regions where glaciers serve as natural borders or sources of water conflict. Disappearingglaciers can lead to disputes over territorial boundaries, water rights, and access to resources. The potential for conflict escalates as water scarcity and competition intensify, threatening regional stability and cooperation.Economic Impacts:Glacier-dependent industries, such as tourism, mountain recreation, and hydroelectric power generation, face severe economic challenges as glaciers recede. Glacial tourism, a major source of income for many communities, diminishes with the loss of iconic ice formations and scenic landscapes. Hydroelectric power generation, reliant on glacial meltwater, experiences disruptions, affecting energy production and economic development. The consequences of glacial retreat extend far beyond environmental concerns, impacting livelihoods, economies, and social structures.Mitigation and Adaptation Measures:Addressing the consequences of glacial retreat requiresa comprehensive approach involving mitigation andadaptation strategies. Mitigation measures focus onreducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change, thereby slowing down glacial retreat. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, promoting sustainable land use, and implementing carbon capture and storage technologiesare essential. Adaptation strategies aim to minimize the impacts of glacial retreat and enhance resilience. This includes developing water conservation plans, investing in alternative water sources, adapting agricultural practices, and implementing coastal protection measures.Conclusion:Glacial retreat is a pressing environmental issue with far-reaching consequences. The loss of glaciers threatens water availability, biodiversity, sea level rise, climate feedbacks, geopolitical stability, and economic prosperity. Urgent action is required to mitigate climate change and implement adaptation measures to minimize the devastating impacts of glacial retreat. By working together, we can protect these majestic ice formations, safeguard ourplanet's ecosystems, and secure a sustainable future for generations to come.。
英语作文有关地震讲座的报道
英语作文有关地震讲座的报道English Response:On a recent Tuesday afternoon, the campus auditorium was filled with students, faculty, and members of the local community eagerly awaiting a special lecture on the topicof earthquakes. The event, organized by the university's Geology Club, featured a renowned seismologist who had traveled from a prestigious research institute to share his expertise and insights on this critical natural phenomenon.As the lecture commenced, the speaker, Dr. Emily Wilkins, took the stage with a calm and authoritative presence. She began by providing a comprehensive overview of the Earth's tectonic plate system, explaining the forces that drive the constant movement and shifting of these massive structures beneath the surface. With the aid of detailed visual aids, she delved into the science behind earthquakes, discussing the various types of seismic waves, the factors that contribute to the intensity and magnitude of quakes, andthe methods used by scientists to monitor and predict these events.One of the key highlights of the lecture was Dr.Wilkins' discussion of the recent advancements inearthquake early warning systems. She detailed how sophisticated sensor networks and advanced data analysis techniques are enabling scientists to detect the initial signs of an impending earthquake and issue alerts to the public, potentially saving lives and minimizing damage. The audience listened intently as she shared real-world examples of how these systems have been successfully implemented in various regions around the world.Throughout the presentation, Dr. Wilkins encouraged the audience to ask questions, fostering an engaging and interactive atmosphere. Students eagerly raised their hands, seeking clarification on complex topics or diving deeperinto specific aspects of earthquake science. The speaker's responses were thoughtful and comprehensive, demonstrating her deep understanding of the subject matter and herability to communicate complex ideas in a clear and accessible manner.One particularly compelling moment came when Dr. Wilkins addressed the topic of earthquake preparedness andmitigation strategies. She emphasized the importance of community-wide efforts, highlighting the need for robust infrastructure, emergency planning, and public education initiatives. The audience nodded in agreement as she shared practical tips and resources for individuals and familiesto enhance their readiness in the event of a major seismic event.As the lecture drew to a close, the audience erupted ina round of enthusiastic applause, expressing theirgratitude and appreciation for the valuable insights and knowledge shared by Dr. Wilkins. Many attendees lingered after the event, eager to engage in further discussionswith the speaker and learn more about the latest advancements in earthquake science and disaster management.Overall, the earthquake lecture was a resounding success, captivating the audience with its blend of scientific rigor, practical applications, and engaging presentation style.The event served as a testament to the university's commitment to fostering intellectual discourse and empowering the community with crucial knowledge on natural hazards and disaster preparedness.中文回应:上周二下午,校园礼堂里座无虚席,学生、教职员工以及当地社区成员都迫不及待地等待着一场关于地震的特别讲座。
冰川消融的危害作文英文
冰川消融的危害作文英文英文回答：The Perils of Glacial Retreat.Glaciers, colossal rivers of ice, are vital componentsof our planet's ecosystems, serving as water reservoirs, shaping landscapes, and supporting diverse wildlife. However, due to the relentless march of climate change, glaciers worldwide are experiencing unprecedented rates of melting, leading to a myriad of profound consequences.1. Rising Sea Levels.As glaciers melt, they release enormous volumes ofwater into the oceans, contributing to global sea-level rise. This phenomenon poses significant risks to coastal populations, threatening homes, infrastructure, and livelihoods. Moreover, rising sea levels can exacerbate coastal hazards such as flooding, storm surges, and erosion,further compromising the safety and well-being of coastal communities.2. Disruption of Water Resources.Glaciers serve as crucial water sources for millions of people around the world. Their melting replenishes rivers, lakes, and groundwater systems, particularly during dry seasons. Glacial retreat disrupts these water cycles, leading to water scarcity, reduced agricultural productivity, and increased competition for water resources.3. Loss of Biodiversity.Glaciers and their surrounding ecosystems support awide range of plant and animal species adapted to cold, icy conditions. As glaciers melt and ice caps shrink, these species face habitat loss, fragmentation, and reduced food availability. This can lead to population declines, species extinctions, and disruptions to fragile ecosystems.4. Impacts on Tourism and Recreation.Glaciers and the surrounding landscapes attract tourists and outdoor enthusiasts from around the world. Their aesthetic beauty, recreational opportunities, and scientific value are significant economic drivers for many communities. Glacial retreat diminishes these attractions, leading to a loss of revenue and undermining local economies.5. Climate Feedbacks.Glacial retreat exacerbates climate change through a series of positive feedback loops. Ice and snow reflect more sunlight back into space than dark water, so as glaciers melt, more heat is absorbed by the ocean and atmosphere. This further accelerates glacial melting, contributing to a vicious cycle that drives global temperatures higher.中文回答：冰川消融的危害。
冰川融化带来的危害英语作文
冰川融化带来的危害英语作文英文回答：The melting of glaciers is a pressing environmental issue with severe consequences for both natural ecosystems and human societies.Impacts on Natural Ecosystems:Loss of biodiversity: Glacial meltwater supports unique and fragile ecosystems, including cold-waterhabitats for fish and other aquatic life. As glaciers recede, these habitats are lost, leading to species decline and extinction.Disruption of food chains: Glacial meltwater nourishes downstream ecosystems, providing nutrients and supporting plant growth. Glacier loss disrupts these food chains, affecting bird populations, mammals, and other organisms.Altering streamflow: Glaciers act as natural water reservoirs, storing water during the winter and releasingit during the summer. Glacial melting alters streamflow patterns, causing flooding and droughts in downstream areas.Impacts on Human Society:Sea level rise: Glacier meltwater contributes significantly to sea level rise. As glaciers lose mass, the water released into the ocean increases global sea levels, leading to coastal erosion, flooding, and increased risk of extreme weather events.Water scarcity: Glacial runoff is a crucial source of water for communities and industries in arid and semi-arid regions. Glacial melting reduces water availability,leading to water scarcity and conflict.Food insecurity: Glacial loss impacts agricultural production in downstream areas by altering wateravailability and soil moisture. This can lead to reduced crop yields and food insecurity for vulnerable populations.Economic disruptions: Glacial melting affects tourism, fisheries, and other industries that rely on glaciers and their ecosystems. Economic losses can be substantial, particularly in communities that depend on these sectors.Mitigation Efforts:Addressing the impacts of glacial melting requires a multifaceted approach:Reducing greenhouse gas emissions: The primary cause of glacial melting is climate change. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through clean energy transitions and carbon capture technologies is crucial.Glacial protection and restoration: Implementing measures to protect and restore glaciers, such as snowpack management and artificial glaciers, can slow down melting and preserve glacial ecosystems.Adaptation strategies: Adapting to the impacts ofglacial melting is essential. Building resilient infrastructure, investing in early warning systems, and developing drought-resistant agricultural practices can reduce vulnerability to water scarcity and extreme weather events.中文回答：冰川融化的危害。
低温驯化下黄粉虫抗冻蛋白基因应激表达
山东农业大学硕士学位论文摘要黄粉虫在遇到低温时会增高抗冻蛋白的表达，然而抗冻蛋白是一个基因家族，其中蛋白的长度和结构存在着差异。
在生物体的适应过程中，哪种抗冻蛋白的基因的表达量更高，尚不清楚。
本文就黄粉虫抗冻蛋白基因家族，保守序列长度存在差异的基因进行研究，选取了黄粉虫抗冻蛋白基因家族中三个具有代表性的基因，NCBI数据库编号分别为：AF160497，AF160496，AF160494，进行了实时荧光定量PCR，测定其基因相对表达水平。
处理如下，4°C下驯化4天、8天、16天、24后，对上述三个基因的表达量进行了测定，同时还进行了4°C下低温驯化4天、8天、16天、24天，经-11°C处理后，黄粉虫死亡率的统计。
此外还进行了抗冻蛋白的在真核细胞SF-9中的表达试验。
试验结果表明，随着黄粉虫在4°C下的处理时间延长，经-11°C处理后，黄粉虫的死亡率呈现下降的趋势，4天、8天、16天都有明显的降低，24天处理样本与16天处理样本的差异不显著。
黄粉虫4°C下驯化4天、8天、16天，分别取样对基因Af160497进行RTPCR。
基因Af160497的表达量，在4天取样点表达量剧烈上升，而到了8天左右表达量则低于4天，经过16天处理后基因的表达量继续增加，总体呈现上升趋势。
黄粉虫4°C下驯化4天、8天、16天，分别取样对基因AF160496进行RTPCR。
基因AF160496的表达量，在4天取样点有了较大提升，在8天和16天取样现点，它的表达量持续走低。
黄粉虫4°C下驯化4天、8天、16天，分别取样对基因AF160494进行RTPCR。
基因AF160494的表达量，在4天的取样点也是有了很大提升，在8天取样的点表现出与基因Af160497表达量降低，在16天取样点，该基因又恢复到4天取样点的表达水平。
通过对三个基因的对比，基因AF160494的整体表达量高于其他两个处于主导地位，AF160496、AF160497基因表达水平相当，显著低于基因AF160494的表达水平。