2016年职称英语试题卫生类A级阅读判断练习

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2016职称英语卫生a级最后冲刺阅读判断模拟题

2016职称英语卫生a级最后冲刺阅读判断模拟题Plants and MankindBotany, the study of pants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapon, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of" knowledge " at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct out knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose an apple or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel ofagriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. People cannot survive without plants.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案: AABBBAB更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

职称英语卫生类a级全真试卷带答案

职称英语卫生类a级全真试卷带答案2016职称英语卫生类a级全真试卷（带答案）第一部分词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的.选项。

1、Have you talked to her lately?stlyB.finallyC.shortlyD.recently2、While we don't agree, we continue to be friends.A.BecauseB.WhereC.AlthoughD.Whatever3、Jack is a diligent student.A.hardworkingB.ambitiouszyD.slow4、Mary said mildly, that she was just curious.A.gentlyB.shylyC.weaklyD.wildly5、The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A.secretsB.detailsC.benefitsD.words6、I'm content with the way the campaign has gone.A.tiedB.satisfiedC.filledD.concerned7、This table is strong and durable.A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far reachingD.eternal8、He endured agonies before he finally expired.A.firedB.resignedC.diedD.retreated9、The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A.staringughingC.shoutingD.smiling10、For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.A.reallyB.basicallyC.fundamentallypletely11、Mary has blended the ingredients.A.mixedB.madeC.cookedD.eaten12、They agreed to modify their policy.A.clarifyB.changeC.defineD.develop13、The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A.playB.sendC.showD.tell14、It is difficult to comprehend, but everything you have ever seen, smelt, heard .or felt is merely your brain's interpretation of incoming stimuli.A.explanationB.evaluationC.recognitionD.interruption15、The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A.take outB.repairC.push inD.dig参考答案：1-15 DCAAB BACAD ABCAA第2部分阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2016职称英语卫生A级考试用书

2016职称英语卫生A级考试用书职称英语考试练习题库，点击天宇考王免费下载试用第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 Most animal fats are saturated, containing more hydrogen than carbon, and do not spoil as easily as unsaturated fats.A meltB get used upC go badD liquify2 Before the first Apollo rocket went to the Moon, a spot for landing the lunar module was carefully chosen.A climateB latitudeC seaD location3 The osprey flies above the water and when it spots a fish it swoops down to catch it.A dropsB seesC wantsD selects4 My aunt said that she couldn't stand being kept waiting.A representB crumbleC tolerateD put out5 The trumpet was part of the opera orchestra long before it became a standard orchestral instrument.A majorB tunefulC desirableD regular6 It has taken many years to adopt internationally recognized standards for the licensing of aircraft pilots.A dataB criteriaC committeesD flags7 Recent studies have shown that the stature of male Americans has scarcely changed in the past two hundred years.A weightB heightC life spanD head size8 Emily Greene Balch's steadfast labor for freedom and for cooperation among individuals and peoples brought her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946.A unwaveringB acceleratedC uninhibitedD aggressive9 The amount of time spent watching television in the average household in the United States has risen steadily since television sets were introduced in the 1950's.A discreetlyB consistentlyC automaticallyD disproportionately10 Even with detailed knowledge about an area, geologists cannot easily locate stores of underground natural gas.A varietiesB mapsC suppliesD shops11 It is understandable that early civilizations blamed storms on the gods.A bad weatherB unsuccessful harvestsC illnessD warfare12 Many of Edith Wharton's best stories were completed under great personal strain.A povertyB privacyC resentmentD tension13 United States Navy Admiral Alfred Mahan wrote many books on naval strategy and sea power.A tacticsB historyC battlesD armaments14 A whale shark's body is stout but streamlined, like that of a whale.A toughB brightly spottedC stripedD smoothly shaped15 It is easy to misjudge the strength of the wind.A forceB directionC temperatureD effect第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2016年职称英语卫生类A级教材阅读理解打印版

阅读理解+第三十四篇谁想永生？If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will we get as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. T op posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."live a long life is describes Callahan 's attitude to anti-ageing如果你的医生能给你一种药，这个药能让你健康的活两倍长的时间，你会服用吗？好消息是我们离这一天越来越近了。

2016年职称英语卫生类A级教材阅读判断打印版

阅读判断+第十一篇Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention生病、诊断、治疗与预防Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness –that is, make a diagnosis. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physician in making his diagnosis.Although nurse do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as therapy. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the n urse under the physician’s orders.In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop disease before it actually happens—to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is education individual patients toward the maintenance of total health—physical and mental.1.By disease is meant the condition in which one or more parts of the body fail to function properly. A. Right2.A syndrome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease. A. Right3.The diagnostic aids are indispensable in any case for a physician to diagnose a disease. B. Wrong4.Because nurses can observe patients closely, they have the authority to deal with any critical condition happening to patients. B. Wrong5.Modern medicine attaches much more importance to disease prevention than traditional medicine. A. Right6.An effective system of disease prevention and treatment has been established in every country all over the would. C. Not mentioned7.Generally speaking, the physician is more willing to treat patients’ physical disease than their mental illness. C. Not mentioned译文：所谓生病，即部分或整个身体不能够正常调节，或不能够维持应有的功能。

2016年职称英语卫生类A(a)级教材题库

2016年职称英语卫生类A(a)级教材题库职称英语考试练习题库，点击天宇考王免费下载试用第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A.take outB.break offC.push inD.dig up2、The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A.playB.showC.sendD.tell3、This table is strong and durable.A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far-reaching4、He endured great pain before he finally expired.A.firedB.resignedC.dieD.retreated5、The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A.smilingughingC.shoutingD.staring6、The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.A.jumpsB.risesC.fallsD.changes7、Did you do that to irritate her?A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.protect8、Mary looked pale and weary.A.illB.tiredC.worriedD.peaceful9、The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage (污水).A.pollutedB.downgradedC.mixedD.blackened10、Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive.A.boringB.thoroughC.interestingD.touching11、These are their motives for doing it.A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans12、The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A.twistsC.broadensD.bends13、Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption14、These programs are of immense value to old people.A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous15、A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect第二部分-阅读判断Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’S rest.It's a huge quality—of-life problem，experts say，because contrary to popular belief，seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)pa rt of aging，”said Dr.Harrison G.Bloom，an associate clinical professor of geriatrics(老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.“It’S pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.”Yet.in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine，researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.older people tend to have“sleep fragmentation，”meaning they wake up more often during the night，said study author Dr.Julie Gammck，an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St.Louis University.They also seem to get less“REM”sleep，the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs，Bloom added.It’s unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person’s quality of life，Bloom said.“What is important，though，is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep，”he said.And，experts say，there is usually more than one cause.“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses，including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations，”said Michael V.Vitiello , a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington’S Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications，as many older people do，can also lead t0 fatigue a“ hypersomnia ，”or being tired all the time，Bloom added.Another big problem，he noted，IS depression and anxiety.“Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.”Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults，many patients Aren’t getting the help they need。

2016年职称英语(卫生类)A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年职称英语（卫生类）A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．He wore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.A．oldB．bigC．newD．small正确答案：A解析：句意：在寒冷的冬日，他穿着一件又旧又薄的外套，所以生了病。

shabby 意为“破旧的衣衫褴褛的”，old意为“破旧的”，意思相近。

big意为“巨大的”；new意为“新的”；small意为“小的”，均排除。

2．The weather was so gorgeous that many people went outing.A．uncontrollableB．pleasantC．cloudyD．unbearable正确答案：B解析：句意：天气很好，所以很多人都外出郊游了。

gorgeous意为“极好的，灿烂的”，pleasant意为“极好的，宜人的”，意思相近。

uncontrollable意为“难以控制的”；cloudy意为“多云的”；unbearable意为“难以忍受的”，均排除。

3．Competitors must abide by the judge’ s decision.A．keepB．readC．understandD．obey正确答案：D解析：句意：参赛者必须遵守裁判的决定。

abide by意为“遵守，服从”，obey意为“遵守，听从”，意思相近。

keep意为“保持，留下”；read意为“阅读”；understand意为“理解，知道”，均排除。

4．The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket.A．seriouslyB．cleverlyC．attentivelyD．carefully正确答案：B解析：句意：雨伞设计巧妙，可以折叠后放在口袋里。

职称英语A级阅读判断真题

2016年职称英语（卫生类）阅读判断真题一、The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and college. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horse race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. The professional baseball teams that play well are allowed to play in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Football can be classified as a spectator sport.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nation-wide university matches are held yearly.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whoseprimary interest is gambling.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned二、It is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they don't hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However, women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem, especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problem might only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing.The age at which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30's, but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms. I've watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety. He tells me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them "tailored."Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often, wives and children play important roles in their fat-inspection rituals. Take my oldest brother, a former college football player. His daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out, "Fat, medium or thin?" She knows the correct answer: medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch, and fat may not get her that new video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning (before the day's meals take their toll), puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says, "Am I getting fatter?" His wife is expected to answer, "You look like you may have lost a few pounds."And then there are the ex-husbands, a pitiful group. They are extremely vocal. When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasn't eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restaurant, where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive. Do I think he's fat?1. Men of a certain age are always ready to talk about their fat problem.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. Women of a certain age do not discuss the fat problem, especially in the presence of men.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Men usually begin to worry about their weight when they are nearly 40.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. The journalist used to drink Diet Coke and tuck his shirts in order to keep trim.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Men older than the journalist never hesitate to talk about their fat problem yet would be displeased if their family members tell them the truth.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. My oldest brother's daughter would not tell her father he is fat because she loves him so much that she cannot bear to upset him. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. The ex-husbands are pitiful because they have got no wives to sympathize with their fat problem. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned三、It is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus's journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal" title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans' interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus's first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1610 the colony had only a thousand people.1. We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th centuryA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. With John Cabot's arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580sA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter RaleighA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companiesA. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned四、The Education of Benjamin FranklinHistory has given Benjamin Franklin a place of enduring fame. He was a writer, an inventor, a scientist, and a statesman. His life history has enjoyed popular success for more than 200 years.Franklin's education at school stopped when he was ten years old. But he never stopped learning. For him, books held the key to living happily and successfully. They were precious gifts.In his early youth, he had a friend who worked for a bookseller. Sometimes his friend would lend him books, which he was careful to return quickly. Often he sat up in his room reading most of the night in order to return a book before his friend's employer noticed its absence.But Franklin was not a lonely scholar. For him, learning was a social experience. In his Autobiography, he tells about organizing a club called the "Junto", which met every Friday night to improve its members' minds:"The rules I made required every member, in turn, to produce one or more questions on any point of Morals, Politics, or Natural Philosophy. The question would then be discussed by the whole group. Also, once in three months, each member was required to read an article he had written on any subject he pleased."Our discussions were directed by a president and conducted as an honest search for truth. We were to avoid unpleasant arguments or a desire for victory. Any member who did not obey these rules had to pay a fine."The Junto which Franklin organized continued for many years. It was the best group for the discussion then. The questions were given to the members during the week before they were to be discussed. This encouraged the members to read carefully about each subject so that they might speak with more understanding.When the Junto was organized, before the middle of the 18th century, there were no public libraries. There was not even a good bookstore south of Boston. Franklin decided to improve this situation.Each member of the Junto owned a few books. A room had been rented in which the members held the meetings. Franklin suggested that all the members should bring their books to the room. In this way the book would be a help to all during the weekly discussion. Also, each member would be allowed to take and read at home any book be chose.Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books.EXERCISE:1. Benjamin Franklin stopped his education because his father could not afford the tuition.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned2. According to Benjamin Franklin, living happily and successfully lies in reading.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned3. He often read most of the night to finish a book that he borrowed from his bookseller friend.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned4. Every member of the Junto should present an article he wrote in regular intervals.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned5. Every time the Junto members met, each brought with him some questions for the group to discuss.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned6. Franklin organized a private library for the Junto because there was no public library in his city.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned7. The weekly discussions were held at Franklin's.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned五、Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day,but also the most neglected or mon reasons for not eating breakfast include lack of time,not feelinghungry,traditional dislike for breakfast,and dieting.Breakfast simply means the fast.Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state.In the morning your body needs energy to rev up(转动起来)into high gear for the day’s work ahead.If you skip breakfast,you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning,feel irritable(易怒的),short-tempered,tired,or weak.When you choose not to eat breakfast,your body stays in slow gear.Also,people who skip breakfast often binge(无节制的吃)later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie snack in the morning .breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day,have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem solving ability.Not hungry in the morning ? well,what time was dinner? Did you have a large evening snack?A large dinner or a large bedtime snack can cause you to not feel hungry in the morning.It makes sense to eat more in the morning when there is a full day of activity ahead of you.Instead we,tend to have our largest meal in the evening when we are gearing down for sleep.A good breakfast should provide up 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day.On the average we eat 400 less calories for breakfast then for dinner.If breakfast doesn’t appeal to you in the morning,try eating a lighter diner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast inthe morning.16.the writer thinks breakfast can be neglected or skipped in the day.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.some people do not eat breakfast because they want to lose weight.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.if a person does not have breakfast,he would likely find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned19.a good breakfast should provide up half of your total calorie needs for the day.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.the best breakfast foods are fruits,juice,lean meat,and grain products such asbreads,rice,noodles,and cereals.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned21.eating breakfast regularly can help you lose weight.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned22.to make a breakfast more attractive,we can eat lighter dinner early in the evening.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned六2016职称英语卫生a级最后冲刺阅读判断模拟题Plants and MankindBotany, the study of pants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapon, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of" knowledge " at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct out knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose an apple or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. People cannot survive without plants.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned。

2016年职称英语卫生类阅读判断习题及答案（1）

Studies Show US Spending Doesn't Get Best HealthThe United States many spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries1,but it is not getting results to match2 according to studies released on Tuesday.But in the study of five wealthy countries,published in the journal Health Affairs,researchers found no single nation had clearly the worst or best health care system.Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins University's school of public health and colleagues came up with3 a list of 21 health fields they could evenly compare across the five countries —Australia,Canada,Britain,New Zealand and the United States."None of the five countries is consistently the best or the worst on all 21 indicators." Anderson said during a telephone briefing for reporters."If you are looking for the place to get the best care,there isn't a single place.Every country has at least one indicator where it scores the best of the five countries and each country has at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries."But,he said,the United States is not getting value for money."The United States should be particularly concerned about these results,given that we spend twice as much on health care as any other country.So spending more doesn't necessarily result in4 "better outcomes."Anderson's group of international health experts sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study,getting the latest possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leukemia survival,suicide rates,death rates from asthma,vaccination rates and cancer screening.练习：1.The US spends twice as much on health care as other rich countries.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.The US is the place where people get the best health care.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.Each year,the US spends more money on health care than the previous one.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.The more a country spends on health care,the better care its people enjoy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.The study involved 5 countries and lasted 5 years.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.The other four countries provide better health care than the US.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.The US is determined to do something about its health care system.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案与解析1.A ⽂章第⼀、六两段分别提到，美国在卫⽣保健⽅⾯的开⽀是其他富裕国家的两倍。

职称英语卫生类a级全真试卷及答案

职称英语卫生类a级全真试卷及答案2016职称英语卫生类a级全真试卷及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. Our English teacher is sick.A. fatB. weakC. illD. mad2. Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterday.A. trying to findB. trying to readC. trying to buyD. trying to bo3. I rarely play basketball.A. normallyB. seldomC. frequentlyD. usually4, My father is a physician.A. researcherB. professorC. doctorD. student5. The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State.A. centerB. divisionD. base6. In order to survive man needs to consume food and water.A. workB. playC. liveD. walk7. The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.A. startedB. finishedC. changedD. made8. It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.A. veryB. completelyC. usuallyD. mostly9. Their parents once lived under very severe condition.A. soundB. hardC. strictD. tight1O. Michael is now merely a good friend.A. largelyB. possiblyC. justD. rarely11. Since ancient times people have found various ways to preserve meat.B. cookC. freezeD. keep12. We packed up the things we had accumulated (积累) over the last three years andleft.A. lateB. recentC. pastD. final13. The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning.A. bottom of the mountainB. foot of the mountainC. top of the mountainD. starting point14. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previousrecord of performance.A. beatsB. destroysC. maintainsD. defends15. The president proposed that we should bring the meeting to a close.A. statedB. saidC. suggestedD. announced第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题l分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。

2016年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案（4）

Chronic Diseases：The World's Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the st ween in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄⽣的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.36.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015？A.More than 17 million.B.More than 380 million.C.More than 304 million.D.More than 25 million.37.Due to chronic diseases China will have to faceA.great pressure from other countries.B.a limited economic market.C.a shortage of the labor force.D.huge economic losses.38.Which can NOT be learned from the passage？A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.39.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have beenA.economic gains.B.lost productivity.C.chronic diseases.D.infectious and parasitic diseases.40.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths？A.Timely medical treatment.B.Healthy eating.C.More physical activity.D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.答案：36.C37.D38.C39.D40.A。

2016年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解练习题及答案（2）

Declining Interest in Developing Foreign Language SkillsAustralians' foreign language skills are declining,Voice of America has reported.New figures show that only 13 percent of high school graduates can speak a foreign language.But four decades ago,40 percent had foreign language skills.Professor Elise Tipton,from the University of Sydney,says increasingly students do not feel the need to learn another language to boost their career.She believes that Australia's economic boom,which is driven by red-hot demand for its minerals,is helping mask serious deficiencies(缺陷)in its language skillsAustralia does business very successfully in English with most of its trading partners.But as the world's economic power shifts to emerging regions such as Asia,its language gap could soon be exposed.According to the new figures,less than 6.5 percent of high school graduates are proficient in an Asian language.Academics worry that this means Australia will increasingly be isolated from its economically important Asian neighbors.Dilip Dutta,from the economics and business faculty at Sydney University,says language skills can enhance trading opportunities.If Australians want to trade with Asian countries,it is very important for them to learn the language that will help them to get closer to the culture.But students have different opinions about Asian language learning.Pippa McCowage,a 22-year-old Australian student,says many young Australians have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages,and the language curriculum is often weak."While we're encouraged in high school to learn another language,it's not really apparent to me as a realistic expectation that you will have to speak it,"said McCowage."For example,I learned Japanese in high school.When I went on an exchange in Year 10,I found that the Japanese students of my age had a much greater proficiency in English than I did in Japanese.So in that sense,it almost discourages you."At present,about 70 percent of Australia's major exports go to Asia and the Australian government has been keen on developing closer economic and diplomatic ties with Asia.Academics say that,as Asia becomes one of the world's economic powerhouses(经济体),Australia needs to improve its language skills if it is to take full advantage of the business opportunities on its doorstep.1 What percentage of high school graduates were proficient in foreign languages forty years ago?A.70 percent.B.13 percent,C.40 percentD.6.5 percent.2.What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A.Australia has rich deposits of minerals.B.Australia is essentially a self-sufficient country.C.Australia has no intention to trade with Asian countries.D.Australian students are not required to learn a foreign language.3.What does Dilip Dutta think language skills can do?A.Improve your relation with your partner.B.Help settle international conflicts.C.Remove barriers in negotiations.D.Increase trading opportunities4.Why has the Australian government been keenly interested ,n strengthening ties with Asia?A.Because Asia is where Australia is located.B.Because Asia is where Australia's major exports go.C.Because Asia is where Australians go and spend their holidays.D.Because Asia is where Australia can play a big role in international affairs5.The word "faculty' in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byA.office.B.building.C.university.D.department.答案：CADBD。

职称英语考试卫生类A级真题及答案

职称英语考试卫生类A级真题及答案2016年职称英语考试卫生类A级真题及答案导语：以下是2016年职称英语考试卫生类A级真题及答案，供大家学习对比答案。

第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. We are worried about this fluid situationfull with uncertainty.A. stableB. suitableC. changeableD. adaptable2. The umbrella was ingeniously devisedto fold up into the pocket.A. seriouslyB.cleverlyC. attentivelyD. carefully3. Competitors must abide by thejudge's decisionA. keepB. readC. understandD. obey4. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. outstandingB. realC. creativeD. false5. She is an artist whose work willundoubtedly withstand the test of time.A. gradeB. attractC. bearD. suffer6. The new garment fits herperfectly.A. clothesB. haircutC. purseD. necklace7. The way she looked after her young sisterwas reallytouchingA. disturbingB. connectingC. movingD. waving8. Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.A. especiallyB. whollyC. totallyD. fairly9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extreme.A. severeB. hardC. warmD. dry10. They have built canals to irrigatethe desert.A. decorateB. changeC. visitD. water11. He wore a shabby thin overcoatin the cold winter so that he fell ill.A. oldB. bigC. newD. small12. His answers were obscure andconfusing.A. unclearB. obviousC. clearD. direct13. Only people over 18 are eligibleto vote.A. honestB. qualifiedC. enabledD. clever14. The weather was so gorgeous thatmany people went outing.A. uncontrollableB.pleasantC. cloudyD. unbearable15. The latest car model embodies thenew research development.A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD. broadens第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23——30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

2016年职称英语卫生A级阅读理解练习题（3）

2016年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题

Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch （RPS）1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health.“The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch -starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）。

2016年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习（5）

Stomach UlcerStomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people.Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach，the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer？ Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach. This pain often is called heart burn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat， or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids， which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H Pillorie. H Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan， Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To do this， doctors say，people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.1. In the past， doctors could not do anything about stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2.Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experiments.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. There has been a change in doctors' understanding of the cause of stomach ulcer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Stomach ulcer can lead to stomach cancer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. People who eat a lot of spicy food are susceptible to stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：1.B.该句从句意上判断是概括总结句，所以推测很可能该题的解答需要考⽣根据有关句⼦进⾏推断。

2016职称英语考试卫生类阅读判断训练题6

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
参考答案：C
22. When Cousins wrote his book, everyone agreed with him.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
参ad about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health. He believed that positive emotions were good for one's health, and he decided to try an experiment. He would fill his days with good feelings and laughter and see if that might improve his condition.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
参考答案：B
20. Cousins spent a lot of time laughing every day.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
参考答案：A
21. Movies were better than funny stories for stopping pain.
Over time, Cousins was able to measure changes in his body with blood tests. He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie. After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications. Finally his condition improved so much that he could go back to work.

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2016年职称英语试题卫生类A级阅读判断练习When British TV chef Jamie Oliver launched his ‘Feed Me Better’ campaign in 2004 in schools in the Greenwich area of London with the aim of improving the diet of British schoolchildren, some people were skeptical about the impact it would have. Oliver’s highly-publicized television campaign to improve school lunches led to dramatic changes in the meals offered to publics in the Greenwich schools. In order to achieve his arm Oliver needed to show schools how to swap (交换) cheap processed meals, which were high in saturated fat (饱和脂肪) ，salt and sugar, for healthier options.
Now, research at the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) has shown that Oliver’s experiment did not only help pupils eat more healthily, it also resulted in them performing better at school in English and Science and in helping schools reduce their rates of absenteeism (缺勤). The ISER study, carried out by Michele Belot and Jonathan James. Showed ‘substantial’ positive effects, with the performance of 11-year-old pupils eating Oliver’ meals improving by up to 8% in Science and by as much as 6% in English. In addition, the number of children having authorized absences for sickness since 2004 showed a 14% decrease.
The ISER study analysed the academic test results of more than 13,000 children in Greenwich between 2002 and 2007 to evaluate the impact of Oliver’s healthier meals on school performance. Pupils who sat exams in 2006—2007 had been on
the new diet for at least 12 months, and the researchers found that the number of pupils reaching higher levels of achievement had clearly risen. The study also compared the results of the schools in Greenwich those of pupils of the same age in seven other London areas who did not eat the meals created by Oliver. The researchers were surprised by the speed of improvements in the Greenwich pupils. They could find no other explanation for the results expect for the healthier and more nutritious meals created by Oliver.
Commenting on ISER’s findings, Oliver said he felt the research proved that he was right in his decision to remove fatty processed food and replace it with nutrient-rich (营养的) foods such as coconut (椰子) ,fish and broccoli (花椰菜). He commented that ‘we cou ld see that it made them calmer and therefore able to learn’.
16.The ‘Feed Me Better’ campaign targeted a healthier diet at schoolchildren.
A. right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17.Everyone believed the campaign should be successful.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18.The ISER is an institute that does research on pupils’ performance in sport.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19.The pupils in Greenwich said they liked the healthier meals.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20.The number of pupils who asked for sick leave decreased.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The ISER did not do a comparative study on the impact of the new diet.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22.The healthier diet has helped schoolchildren improve academically.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
参考答案：
16.A. right 17. B. Wrong
18. B. Wrong 19.C. Not mentioned
20.A. Right 21.B. Wrong 22.A. Right
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