亭台楼阁

• 天坛 The Temple of Heaven • 天坛位于北京城的南端，始建于明初永乐 十八年，是明，清两代皇帝祭天和祈求丰 年的地方，清乾隆年间改建后成为今天这 一辉煌壮观的建筑群。 中国古代帝王自称 “天子”，他们对天地非常崇敬，历史上 的每一个皇帝都把祭祀天地当成一项非常 重要的政治活动，而祭祀建筑在帝王的都 城建设中具有举足轻重的地位，集中了大 量的人力，物力和财力，以最高的技术水 平，最完美的艺术去建造，在封建社会后 期营建筑中最具代表性的作品，天坛不仅 是中国古建筑中璀璨的明珠，也是世界建 筑史上的瑰宝。
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湖心亭 尘境纷纷俗累增，故寻幽径访南能。 湖波浩渺无穷绿，寺屋高低不计层。 诗老新吟工恼客，使君余暇得陪僧。 棋中得失何时了，一局输赢未可凭。 作者简介 陈瓘（1057-1124年），字莹中，号了斋， 沙县城西劝忠坊人。宋元丰二年（1079年） 探花，授官湖州掌书记。 历任礼部贡院检 点官、越州、温州通判、左司谏等职。 陈 瓘为人谦和，不争财物，闲居矜庄自持， 不苟言谈，通《易经》。
Concubine 妃子，妾
Situated in the center of Rear Lake and originally called Business Street, the Suzhou Street was built in the style of southernChina towns. The 300-meter-long street was built along the river bank with more than 60 shops including teahouses, restaurants, pharmacies[ˈf :məsiz] （药店）,banks and ɑ etc. It was the place where the emperor, empress, and concubines took a stroll in leisure.
This large water surface is the Kunming Lake. It is the best part of the summer palace. Covering an area of 220 hectares, the Kunming lake takes up three quarters of the entire garden. In order to celebrate the birthday of his mother, Empress Qianlong ordered to shape the lake like a peach. In China, peach is the symbol of longevity. The sight of Kunming Lake is beautiful. The average depth of the lake is about one and half meters, and most of the place along the bank is within one meter, so when you fall into the lake accidentally, you don’t have to worry about your life, just stand up!
• THE YELLOW CRANE TERRACE • Cui Hao • Where long ago a yellow crane bore a sage to heaven， • Nothing is left now but the Yellow Crane Terrace. • The yellow crane never revisited earth， • And white clouds are flying without him for ever. • Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water， • And Parrot Island is a nest of sweet grasses； • But I look toward home， and twilight grows dark • With a mist of grief on the river waves.
The buildings on the southern slope of Longevity Hill are characteristic of the garden. Cloud-Dispelling Hall, the Pavilion of the Buddhist Incense and the Wisdom Sea on the axis line are flanked by the Wheel Hall, Wufang Pavilion and Baoyun Pavilion and are major attractions. The Pavilion of the Buddhist Incense is 41 meters high and stands on a 20meter-high terrace. At the foot of Longevity Hill is the 728-meter-long passageway which links the three areas together. The passageway is famous for its paintings and at its western end is a 36-meter-long Marble Boat
• 陶然亭的由来 • 与梦得沽酒闲饮且约后期 • 白居易 • 少时犹不忧生计， 老后谁能惜酒钱？ • 共把十千沽一斗， 相看七十欠三年。 • 闲征雅令穷经史， 醉听清吟胜管弦。 • 更待菊黄家酝熟， 共君一醉一陶然。
• • Trip among Hills • The upper distant cold mountain stone footpath is tilted , • The white cloud life place has a household. • I stop my coach at maple woods to gaze my fill , • Frost-bitten leaves look redder than early spring flowers.
登岳阳楼
杜甫 昔闻洞庭水， 今上岳阳楼。 吴楚东南坼， 乾坤日夜浮。 亲朋无一字， 老病有孤舟。 戎马关山北， 凭轩涕泗流。
• “亭、台、楼、阁、轩、榭、斋、辕”
亭：有顶无墙，供休息用的建筑物，多建筑在路旁或花园 里。 台：用土或砖石筑成的方形的高而平的建筑物。 楼：重屋也，两层以上的房屋。
阁：一种架空的小楼房，传统建筑物的一种。其特点是通 常四周设隔扇或栏杆回廊，供远眺、游憩、藏书和供佛之 用。
中国古代建筑与文化 Ancient Chinese architecture and culture
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中国四大名亭 China's four famous Pavilion 安徽滁县醉翁亭 Old tippler’s pavilion 北京先农坛陶然亭 Joyous Pavilion 湖南长沙爱晚亭 Evening Enjoying Pavilion 浙江杭州湖心亭 Mid Lake Pavilion
• 黄鹤楼 • 崔颢 • 昔人已乘黄鹤去， 此地空余黄鹤楼。 • 黄鹤一去不复返， 白云千载空悠悠。 • 晴川历历汉阳树， 芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。 • 日暮乡关何处是？ 烟波江上使人愁。
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On Yueyang Tower Long have I heard of Dongting Lake, Now I ascend the Yueyang Height. Here eastern state and southern break; Here sun and moon float day and night. No word from friends or kinsfolk dear, A boat bears my declining years. War’s raging on the northern frontier, Leaning on rails, I shed sad tears.
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中国三大名楼 Three great towers of China 江西南昌的滕王阁 Pavilion of Prince Teng 湖北武汉市的黄鹤楼 Yellow Crane Tower 湖南岳阳市的岳阳楼 Yueyang Tower
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题滕王阁
年代：【宋】 作者：【周弼】 高阁巍峨接水滨，兴亡才问便伤神。 鸣鸾东阁知何处，跨鹤西山别有人。 柳映落霞江渚暮，草铺斜日野田春。 群鸥亦厌多悲感，偏与忘机客最亲。
Garden of suzhou
下 有 苏 杭
上 有 天 堂
1.the Humble Administrator's Garden
• Covering 51,950 sq.m,the Humble Administrator's Garden is the largest of all classical gardens in Suzhou.
榭：建在高台或水面(或临水)上的木屋。 轩：原指古代有围棚或帷幕的车。也指以轩敞为特点的亭 阁台榭一类建筑物和有窗的长廊或小屋。
斋：原指古人斋戒时的居所。也常指雅静的书房、学舍等。
辕：旧时指军营、官署的外门，借指衙署。
The summer palace
• The Summer Palace is the largest and best-preserved royal palace in China, located in the northwest Beijing Haidian District. it is one of Beijing’s major sights, attracting large numbers of visitors, particularly on summer weekends. The Summer Palace mainly composed by the Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake .