高中英语阅读理解(教育文化)解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)及解析

高中英语阅读理解(教育文化)解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类
1．阅读理解
The term "crocodile tears" refers to insincere sadness. This term has an etymology dating back several centuries. As early as the fourth century, crocodile tears are referenced in the literature with the meaning of insincere sorrow. It is said that crocodiles weep while eating their hunted animals because they are sad; however, this sadness is not honest.
The term crocodile tears became widely popular after it was documented in a fifteenth-century book titled The Voyage and Travel of Sir John Mandeville, Knight. A passage from the book reads: "These crocodiles kill men and they eat them weeping."
As you may already know, crocodilians(鳄目动物) likely feel bad about little—especially feeding. However, the assumption of the crocodile-tears metaphor may be true. In a 2007 paper published in BioScience titled "Crocodile Tears: And they eat them weeping", researchers observed 7 crocodilians in cages during feeding time at a reserve (4 caimans and 3 American alligators). The researchers observed the crocodilians outside of water at feeding stations to better find out whether tearing developed.
Five of the 7 crocodilians developed something like tears in their eyes before, during or after feeding. The researchers suggest that these crocodile tears occur because a crocodilian hisses (发出嘶嘶声) while it eats, and this hissing forces air through the spaces in the bone behind the nose and out the eye, in the process picking up nasolacrimal secretions (鼻泪管分泌物.)
In humans, crocodile tears is a medical condition that causes a person to tear up while eating. Crocodile tears typically occur because of a temporary loss of facial control due to damage of the facial nerve. Specifically, when the facial nerve grows again, it does so incorrectly thus resulting in tears during chewing food.
（1）The underlined word "etymology" in Paragraph 1 refers to ________.
A.a reference book containing articles on various topics
B.the origin and history of a particular term
C.a printed sheet of paper that arc given free to advertise
D.the application and influence of a new theory
（2）The term "crocodile tears" ________.
A.is a medical condition that causes a crocodile to tear up
B.became widely popular as early as the fourth century
C.refers to pretended sadness
D.proved to be only an assumption
（3）From the 2007 paper published in BioScience, we can know that ________.
A.crocodilians especially feel bad about feeding
B.not all the 7 crocodilians developed tearing
C.the crocodilians were carefully observed inside water
D.crocodile tears occur because a crocodilian hisses after it eats
（4）The passage is mainly about ________.
A.what the real truth is about crocodile tears
B.when the term "crocodile tears" got popular in literature
C.how researchers made the experiment on crocodilians
D.why crocodile tears typically occur in humans
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过引用“鳄鱼的眼泪”这一说法的来源、发展以及相关实验来告诉读者“crocodile tears”的真实含义。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“dating back several centuries”追溯到几个世纪前；以及“As early as the fourth cen tury, crocodile tears are referenced in the literature with the meaning of insincere sorrow.”早在公元4世纪，鳄鱼的眼泪在文学作品中的意思是假慈悲，可推知， etymology 和一个词条的来源和发展相关。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“It is said that crocodiles weep while eating their hunted animals because they are sad; however, this sadness is not honest.”是指假伤心，假慈悲。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Five of the 7 crocodilians developed something like tears in their eyes before, during or after feeding.”7只鳄鱼中，有5只在吃食之前，之中和之后流下了眼泪，可知，并非所有的鳄鱼在吃食时都会流泪。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据倒数第二段中的“The researchers suggest that these crocodile tears occur because a crocodilian hisses (发出嘶嘶声)while it cats, and this hissing forces air through the spaces in the bone behind the nose and out the eye, in the process picking up nasolacrimal secretions”研究人员发现这些鳄鱼的眼泪是因为它们在进食时发出的嘶嘶声，这种声音迫使空气通过鼻子背后的空间从眼睛出来，在这个过程中带出了鼻内管分泌物，可知，作者通过对“crocodile tears”这一词条的来源、发展以及相关实验来告诉读者有关“crocodile tears”的真实含义。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Dear editor(编辑),
Can't your newspaper do something about the custom (习惯) of hitchhiking?
A short time ago, on a car travel I counted at least 50 people standing beside the road, asking for rides. Many of them were young women.
Don't they understand how dangerous it is to get into the car driven by a stranger? How much do they know about the driver? Is he a good driver or not? They know nothing!
Many of these young hitchhikers may come from good families. Don't their parents teach them anything about the world? I always taught my children not to talk to strangers. I never let them take rides from people they didn't know.
Isn't there enough crime (犯罪) today without asking for trouble by hitchhiking? On the other hand, hitchhiking may bring some traffic trouble. Don't you think what I said is true?
A Worried Grandfather
（1）The word "hitchhiking" means .
A. waiting for a bus at the bus stop
B. driving to somewhere in a dangerous way
C. going somewhere by getting free rides in others' car
D. asking a stranger the way who is in a car
（2）The Worried Grandfather .
A. doesn't like young women to drive cars
B. thinks it is dangerous for a young woman to get into a stranger's car
C. likes drivers to be careful and strict in their work
D. never lets his children get into other people's car
（3）The Worried Grandfather .
A. was hit by a car when he was standing by the road
B. is a good driver and often gives free rides to strangers
C. is in trouble now and he wants to get some help from the newspaper
D. has seen much of the world and he is very careful
（4）The Worried Grandfather wrote the letter to tell .
A. the newspaper to let its readers know the danger of hitchhiking
B. young women never to go on a long travel alone
C. young people to listen to their parents at home
D. his children not to talk to strangers on the road
（5）What do you think a good editor is going to do after he gets the letter?
A. He will either return the letter to the old man or give it to the police station.
B. He will write back to the Worried Grandfather and tell him not to hitchhike
C. He will write something about the danger of hitchhiking in the newspaper.
D. He will hold a meeting to tell the drivers to make less the traffic trouble.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为搭便车，尤其是女性搭便车存在安全隐患。

他向报社求助，希望他们可以让公众意识到这个问题。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“on a car travel I counted at least 50 people standing beside the road, asking for rides.”在车上我看到至少有50个人站在路边请求搭车；以及第三段中的“Don't they understand how dangerous it is to get into the car driven by a stranger?”难道他们不知道上陌生人的车有多危险吗？可推测hitchhiking的意思是“免费乘坐陌生人的车去某地”。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“”Many of them were young women. ”；以及第三段中的“Don't they understand how dangerous it is to get into the car driven by a stranger? ”可知，作者认为女性搭便车非常危险。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“I always taught my childre n not to talk to strangers. I never let them take rides from people they didn't know.”和第五段中的“Isn't there enough crime (犯罪) today without asking for trouble by hitchhiking? On the other hand, hitchhiking may bring some traffic trouble.”可知作者一直教育他的孩子不要和陌生人讲话更不能坐陌生人的车，他认为即使没有搭便车所造成的麻烦，当今的犯罪已经够多了，而且搭便车还会给交通带来麻烦。

故推测作者是一个很细心而且见过很多事的人。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Don't they understand how dangerous it is to get into the car driven by a stranger? How much do they know about the driver? Is he a good driver or not? They k now nothing!” 可知作者认为很多人不知道搭便车很危险，故推测他写信的目的是让报纸提醒人们搭便车危险。

故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Can't your newspaper do something about the custom (习惯) of hitchhiking?”作者反问报纸“难道你们的报纸不能为搭便车的习惯做些事吗？”可推测，如果是一个好的编辑，在看到信后会写一篇关于搭便车会有安全隐患的文章刊登到报纸上。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Who doesn't want to live life in style? Life is like a road on which you never get a chance to return, and is not a very long road either. So we should try to live life to the fullest and enjoy every bit of it.
Every individual has unique likings and preferences, and all of us try to live the lives that suit us best. The world is like a painting cloth on which different people with different races, different languages, and different cultural backgrounds interact. But among these, the arts provide an easy
and natural way for people to connect.
People with a knack for the arts usually discover it in childhood. But art isn't only for the talented; it can help everyone grow. Those with a strong artistic background are often more energetic, and more successful in all fields of life. Art widens the range of a person's life.
Painting is one of the most popular art forms. Those who are interested in taking it up as a career need to go through extensive training to get familiar with the various styles. Professional painters often host art exhibitions, with art lovers from all over the world coming to see and buy their creations. Sometimes the paintings are sold at high prices.
Performing arts are equally popular and admired. Dance, instrumental music, drama and so on require unusual artistic talent as well as a long period of education and training before audiences start to applaud the performances. But anyone with some artistic sense can make art part of his/ her life, and benefit from it.
（1）People should make the most of life because ______ .
A. life is difficult but enjoyable time
B. life is valuable and ordinary
C. life is too short to be wasted
D. life is like a road full of tomorrows
（2）What's the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Different people have different lifestyles.
B. Different peoples have different cultures.
C. Art can make people happier.
D. Art can connect people together.
（3）he underlined word "knack" in Paragraph 3 possibly means "______".
A. character
B. ability
C. power
D. favour
（4）What is the passage mainly about?
A. How great artists make a living by selling their works.
B. How to live a unique and colorful life.
C. How the arts contribute to people's lives.
D. How much performing arts have to do with talent and education.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人生苦短没有回头路，但艺术可以把不同背景的人联系在一起，有艺术天赋的人通常在各个领域都会更加成功。

作者还列举了绘画、音乐、舞蹈等艺术形式对人们生活的影响。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Life is like a road on which you never get a chance to return, and is not a very long road either. So we should try to live life to the fullest and enjoy e very bit of it.”可知人生没有回头路，而且非常短暂，我们要努力享受生活的一点一滴。

我们不能浪费生活，要珍惜生活给我们的一切，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第二段中的“But among these, the arts provide an easy and natural way for people to connect.”可知艺术可以很自然地把不同背景的人联系在一起，故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“People with a knack for the arts us ually discover it in childhood. ”可知在童年时期有艺术天赋地人就可以发现自己这方面的才能。

与“ But art isn't
only for the talented; it can help everyone grow. ”艺术不仅对有才能的人有好处，它可以帮助所有成长，是一致的。

划线词knack意为”ability/talent“，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍的是艺术如何影响人们的生活的内容，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Stepinac has become one of the first high schools in the country to drop all textbooks and replace them with a "digital library". When students started classes on Monday, they were zipping to an app on their tablets or laptops and bad instant access to all 40 texts in the Stepinac curriculum (课程).
Dennis Lauro, director of an information center which provides technical support to public schools in New York, said neither he nor his colleagues were aware of a similar digital effort in a public school setting. "This is the wave of the future." Lauro said. "I'm not surprised that a private school would beat the public schools to it. They have the ability to just do it. There is so much politics involved in public schools, when it comes to a move like that, needing approval from boards and committees."
For Tom Collins, Stepinac's president, the commitment to digital source material was not so difficult a decision. In the past, students' families had to spend up to $ 700 a year on textbooks. This year — after the one-time purchase of a tablet or laptop — families only need to pay $ 150. Using the digital library is almost as easy as opening a new book. A student can instantly lap into a digital book and open a map of Egypt or a speech by President John F. Kennedy. A teacher can show a page from a digital book on a whiteboard at the front of the class or send students a link to a particular math problem with notes added in.
The first few weeks may bring some challenges. Stepinac officials expect some parental discomfort over dropping concrete books. They recognize there may be technical faults at first. And they will have to encourage students to leave space-eating photos and music off their tablets — and to keep their tablets charged.
（1）What is going on in Stepinac?
A. It's building a new library.
B. It's reforming its textbooks.
C. It's updating its digital resources.
D. It's changing its management pattern.
（2）By saying the underlined sentence. Lauro believes .
A. public schools face great challenges
B. private schools have their advantages
C. the effort is to cause instant changes
D. it's a trend for schools to go digital
（3）Who may worry about the move in Stepinac?
A. Officials.
B. Technicians.
C. Parents.
D. Teachers.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲了Stepinac是第一个放弃了传统意义上的教科书，改用数字图书馆的学校。

这是未来学校向数字化发展的一种趋势，但是家长们对这一进程心存疑虑。

（1）细节理解题。

由第一段Stepinac has become one of the first high schools in the country to drop all textbooks and replace them with a "digital library"可知Stepinac把text book变成了digital library，应该是改革了教科书，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。

由第二段 Lauro said. "I'm not surprised that a private school would beat the public schools to it. They have the ability to just do it. There is so much politics involved in public schools, when it comes to a move like that, needing approval from boards and committees.可知Lauro认为在学校发展数字化并不是一件令人吃惊的事，私立学校在政策决定上比公立学校更有优势，如果在公立学校推行，需要得到很多人的同意。

从中可以看出Lauro认为未来学校向数字化发展是一种趋势，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

由最后一段The first few weeks may bring some challenges. Stepinac officials expect some parental discomfort over dropping concrete books.可知在Stepinac，父母们对这一进程很担心，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

考涉及细节理解题和推理判断题，细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择。

推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。

5．阅读理解
Can you imagine a world without music? Studies show that public schools across the country are cutting back on music classes to save money. Even worse, some schools have never had music classes to begin with. But without them, students' academic (学术的) growth and spiritual health could suffer. In fact, music classes are necessary for all students in schools.
Recent studies Brown University have shown that students who received music education classes were better in math and reading skills than those without music classes. Another study by The College Board found that students taking music and art classes got higher points. Students' academic success seems to depend on their taking part in music education.
Music programs in public schools also help to add to a student's sense of pride and self-confidence. Teens today have too many learning tasks. Besides, they have family problems, self-confidence problems, relations hip troubles, and choices about smoke and alcohol (酒精). All of these can stop academic success, but music education can help. A study by The Texas Commission on Drug and Alcohol Abuse found that students who took part in school music programs were less likely to turn to smoke. Music programs encourage students to work together to produce an excellent performance.
Music crosses language, class and culture. Music allows students from different countries to connect. For example, at a school talent show, a new Japanese student played a piano duet (二重奏) with an American classmate. Two students from different cultures worked as a team with self-confidence and common purpose through music.
The gift of music is priceless. We need to be sure to have necessary music classes for all
students. The world is losing its music, and putting music into schools is the first step to get it back.
（1）The two studies seem to show that ________.
A.students with great success attend music lessons
B.music classes play an important role in students' growth
C.not all students could have music classes at school
D.students who have music classes do better in all subjects
（2）The example in Paragraph 4 mainly suggests that ________.
A.music makes cross-cultural communication possible
B.different cultures have different styles of music
C.Japan has a good relationship with America
D.Japanese and American students are good at playing the piano
（3）What can we learn about education with music classes?
A.It allows schools to make more money.
B.It can cause a lot of academic problems.
C.It will affect the world cultural communication greatly.
D.It does good to students' academic success and spiritual health.
（4）What is the best title for the text?
A.The Importance of Music Classes in School
B.Music—A Bridge to Understanding
C.Studies on Music Education
D.How to Get Music Back
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，全国各地的公立学校正在削减音乐课，以节省开支。

但作者认为学生的学业成绩似乎取决于他们是否参加音乐教育；音乐课程也有助于增强学生的自豪感和自信心，音乐跨越语言、阶级和文化。

音乐使来自不同国家的学生相互联系。

作者提出需要确保所有学生都参加必要的音乐课。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Students' academic success seems to depend on their taking part in music education. ”学生的学业成绩似乎取决于他们是否参加音乐教育。

上音乐课对学生的学业有帮助，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Two students from different cultures worked as a team with self-confidence and common purpose through music. ”两个来自不同文化背景的学生作为一个团队通过音乐自信、有共同目标在一起合作。

一个是日本学生，一个美国的学生，借由音乐而合作、交流。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Students' academic success seems to depend on their taki ng part in music education. ”学生的学业成绩似乎取决于他们是否参加音乐教育；第三段中的”Music programs in public schools also help to add to a student's sense of pride and self-
confidence. ”公立学校的音乐课程也有助于增强学生的自豪感和自信心。

两处结合，可以推断出音乐即可以有助于学生的学业成绩，又可以有益于学生的心理健康，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“But wi thout them, students' academic (学术的) growth and spiritual health could suffer. In fact, music classes are necessary for all students in schools.” 但是，没有他们（音乐），学生的学业提高和精神健康可能会受到影响。

事实上，音乐课是学校所有学生所必需的。

作者认为音乐课是重要的，这是文章的主旨，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
As we reflect on the evolution of fitness over the centuries, and the emergence of a well- organized and growing "fitness" market and industry, it is well to ask ourselves: what have we lost, and what have we gained?
Obviously, much good has come out of these recent developments: there's widespread awareness of the importance of regular exercise, nearly every community has a gym or fitness club where people can go or pay to work out, and we understand more about how the human body works. Yet despite the many health and fitness methods, programs, and resources, the general population has never been so physically sedentary (久坐的)and out-of-shape. A recent World Health Organization report indicates that life expectancy (寿命)in the U. S. dropped for the first time since 1993. The health of modem people is declining, despite highly advanced medical technologies and the booming health and fitness industry.
How could that be? A large part of it is motivation. People are simply not as motivated to move their body and get healthy as they were in the past. We live in a society where the inability to operate one's body in a practical and effective manner is no longer an embarrassing condition. The fitness industry no matter how good each new program claims to be, has failed to get the majority of people to value, practice, and enjoy physical exercise.
So, should we expect the answer to this dilemma to come from even more varied, or more technologically advanced programs and equipment? Or will the solution come from a different mindset, a simpler approach and practice, and overall a new culture?
（1）What does the author tell us about fitness industry in paragraph 2?
A.It provides better technology.
B.It is supported by most people.
C.It brings about positive effects.
D.It costs people too much money.
（2）What is the main reason why people fail to do physical exercise?
A.Not enough equipment.
ck of inner drive.
C.Misguided instructions.
D.Embarrassing living conditions.
（3）What does the author seem to agree with?
A.Change attitudes to fitness.
B.Rely on standard practice.
C.Seek more potential customers.
D.Turn to more advanced programs.
（4）What is the best title for the text?
A.Lost in fitness
B.Misunderstanding about fitness
C.Evolution of fitness
D.Importance of fitness
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了健身市场的发展带来的好处，尽管医疗技术高度发达，健康健身产业蓬勃发展，但现代人的健康水平却在下降。

问题产生很大一部分原因是人们缺乏内在动机。

作者建议应当改变对健康的态度。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Obviously, much good has come out of these recent developments: there's widespread awareness of the importance of regular exercise, nearly every community has a gym or fitness club where people can go or pay to work out, and we understand more ab out how the human body works.”显然，这些最新的发展带来了很多好处:人们普遍意识到定期锻炼的重要性，几乎每个社区都有一个健身房或健身俱乐部，人们可以去那里或花钱去那里锻炼，我们对人体如何工作了解得更多，可知健身产业带来了积极的影响。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“A large part of it is motivation.”其中很大一部分是动机，可知人们不锻炼身体的主要原因是缺乏动机或内在驱动力。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Or will the solution come from a different mindset, a simpler approach and practice, and overall a new culture?”或者，解决方案将来自一个不同的心态，一个更简单的方法和实践，以及一个全新的文化?可推知作者似乎同意改变对健康的态度。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段“As we reflect on the evolution of fitness ov er the centuries, and the emergence of a well- organized and growing ‘fitness’ market and industry, it is well to ask ourselves: what have we lost, and what have we gained?”当我们回顾几个世纪以来健身运动的演变，以及一个组织良好、不断发展的“健身”市场和行业的出现，我们有必要扪心自问:我们失去了什么，又得到了什么?以及文章主要内容为分析健身市场的发展带来的好处，以及其中存在的问题和问题产生的原因。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Many kids help out around the house with chores(家庭杂务) such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances(补贴) or other rewards such as extra computer time.
But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn't worth doing unless you get something in return. "Running any kind of household is a team effort," Susie said, "a home is a living space for everyone in the family. It's important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look."
Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed(兑取) either online or in the real world. With the Chore Monster app kids earn digital points by completing chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. "Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards" says Chris Bergman, founder of Chore Monster, "Kids need positive reinforcement(强化) to help motivate them."
What do you think? Should kids be rewarded for doing chores? Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return? Write a 200-word response. Send it to tfkasks4you@. Your response may be published in a future issue of Time For Kids. Please include your grade and contact information of your parent or teacher if you want your response to be published. The deadline for responding is February 18.
（1）How does the author start the passage?
A.By listing some evidence.
B.By presenting some facts.
C.By comparing different views.
D.By stating his own experiences.
（2）Which statement is true according to Susie Walton?
A.Kids should be rewarded for doing chores.
B.Parents decide what kids can do for the family.
C.Kids have the responsibility to share housework.
D.Kids can get extra computer time for doing chores.
（3）The purpose of writing the text is to .
A.invite readers to express their opinions
rm readers of two different opinions
C.call on readers to reflect on their behavior
D.present the author's viewpoint about parenting
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，针对“家长该不该奖励孩子做家务”介绍了两种观
点：一个是孩子有义务帮助家长做家务，家长不应奖励；另一个是获得现金或其他奖励会激励孩子们做家务，这会教会他们在现实生活中需要工作才能挣钱。

文章最后向读者征求看法并为读者提供了回复看法的邮箱地址。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段“Many kids help out around the house with chores(家庭杂务) such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances(补贴) or other rewards such as extra computer time.In exchange, some kids get allowances (补贴) or other rewards such as extra computer time.”许多孩子在家里帮忙做家务，比如清空洗碗机、把洗好的衣服收起来、倒垃圾。

作为交换，一些孩子可以得到津贴或其他奖励，比如额外的玩电脑时间，可知，作者首先陈述目前一些家长常见的做法，从而引出本文讨论的话题：家长该不该奖励孩子做家务。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“It's important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house.”重要的是要让孩子们看到在家里每个人都要承担做家务的责任，可知，Susie Walton认为孩子有义务帮助家长做家务，即家长不应奖励孩子做家务。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“What do you think? Should kids be rewarded for doing chores? Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return? Write a 200-word response. Send it to tfkasks4you@.”你怎么认为？孩子们做家务应该得到奖励吗？或者孩子们应该在家里帮忙而不得到任何回报？写一个200字的回答并发送到邮箱，可知，作者这是在邀请读者针对“该不该奖励孩子做家务”这个问题发表看法，并提供了邮箱地址。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Mistakes are a part of life. To err is human. Failure is also a part of life, not the end of life. Be happy facing life's challenges. When you make the effort to be happy and to improve your life, you are actually rewarded along the way.
Life is like a game and maybe you can award(奖励) points for every effort that has been a success for you. Try it. Add ten points for every achievement. And when you have reached 50 points, just yell, " Hey, I've won!" and give yourself a reward. If you happen to have missed your points for whatever reason, tell yourself, "Well, I tried!" which is better than not trying at all. Don't let it be said you didn't try.
What is it that you want to make yourself happy? Actually happiness means different things to different people. For example, an athlete will be happy winning his first race. For a new mother happiness would be seeing her baby's first steps. Happiness for a poor person would mean having a meal just for today. So happiness for you is really something simple that you want for yourself.
It really doesn't have to be big. As a matter of fact you should always have realistic expectations. Make the best out of every given situation. If you expect a certain result from a situation and it does not happen, don't get despondent. This just means trying harder next time. We all have in us the power to succeed. Don't let " give up " be a part of your vocabulary.
（1）By saying "To err is human", the author means that________.
A.human beings should try to avoid(避免) making mistakes
B.no one is perfect(完美的) and everyone makes mistakes
C.mistakes and failures make up our life
D.human beings make mistakes easily
（2）What's the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A.Try to reach 50 points.
B.Never stop trying in your life.
C.Award yourself for your success
D.Don't be afraid of missing your points.
（3）The author proves his idea in Paragraph 3 through_________.
A.examples
B.numbers
C.experiments
D.stories
（4）The underlined word "despondent" in the last paragraph means________.
A.frightened
B.disappointed
C.surprised
D.excited
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，提醒人们在面对充满酸甜苦辣的人生时，在面对失败，成功，欢乐，痛苦时人们应该采取积极乐观的态度。

告诫人们要知道“人非圣贤孰能无过”，要坦然面对失败和错误，要如何去获得快乐和幸福。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Mistakes are a part of life.”可知错误是人生的一部分，人人都会犯错，故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。

在第二段中作者建议人们取得成就的时候要给自己奖励，没能实现目标时要安慰自己“至少努力过了”。

第二段中的“Life is like a game and maybe you can award(奖励) points for every effo rt that has been a success for you.“；为主题句，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

作者首先提出本段中心：Actually happiness means different things to different people. 然后举例说明”For example……”,由此判断作者在本段使用了例证的方法，选A。

（4）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“If you expect a certain result from a situation and it does not happen”可以推断如果期望的结果没有发生，人们会感到沮丧或者失望，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。