高中名词和冠词
高中英语_名词冠词数词
英语冠词用法聚焦一、冠词的概述：冠词是英语中最常见的一种限定词，它属于虚词，在句子中不能充当任何句子成分，所以也不能单独使用，只能用在名词前面，说明所指的人或物。
冠词有：定冠词（the Definite Article）和不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。
不定冠词有a和an，定冠词有the。
在实际使用中，零冠词即在名词的前面不用任何冠词。
列表如下：二、冠词的用法（一）不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a和an，没有特指作用，通常泛指同类事物中的某一个（位、支、块、片……）。
其中，不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面，如 a book；an用在以元音音素开头的单词前面，如an apple 。
另外，在表示一个以辅音音素开头的字母（如：b，c，d，g，j，k等）时，字母前面用a；在表示一个以元音音素开头的字母（如：a，e，l，m，n等）时，（二）定冠词的用法定冠词有the通常对所修饰的名词有指定作用，表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”。
在辅音音素前读[ ]，如，The [ ]book is mine.在元音音素前读[ ]，如，The[ ]air was（三）零冠词的用法（四）用与不用不定冠词的差异1.英语中的某些名词既可用作不可数名词又可用作可数名词，但含义不同，用法也不一样。
例如：glass玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯 Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快。
Be quiet. Don’t let me hear a sound.请安静，不要让我听到动静。
另有一些不可数名词如果有形容词作定语，一般要用a 于前面：a heavy rain一场大雨2．“with+抽象名词=副词”时，抽象名词前不用不定冠词。
如：with pleasure乐意地；with anger 生气地但在“with + a +名词”这种结构中，虽用不定冠词，却没有实际意义。
最新高三英语高考英语语法课件：名词与冠词
注1：fishes指不同种类的鱼，people是集体名词“人（民）” peoples指民族 注2：以ese结尾的国籍名词，如Chinese, Japanese为单复数同形
4)有些名词经常以复数形式出现，这些名词中有的表示 由两部分构成的东西（A），有的是以ing收尾的词（B）， 也有一些其他的情形（C）， 例如： A）scissors 剪刀, trousers 裤子，pants 裤子，shorts 短裤， jeans 工装裤，compasses 两脚规，scales 天平，glasses 眼镜。 B）belongings 所有物，surroundings 环境，greetings 致敬 doings 行为，savings 储蓄，findings 调查结果，shavings 刨花， earnings 挣的钱，sweepings 扫拢的垃圾。
baby----babies family---families pony-----ponies小马 city---cities country ---countries
注：以下以f或fe结尾的，直接加 roof---roofs gulf---gulfs 湾 chief---chiefs belief---beliefs proof---proofs safe---safes 保险箱 cliff---cliffs reef –reefs 暗礁 brief –briefs 纲要 注：handkerchief ---handkerchiefs / handkerchieves staff—staffs职员----stafves棒杖 (5) 以辅音字母+O结尾的，多数+es hero negro黑人 tomato potato echo 回声;回响[C][U] buffalo水牛,(北美)野牛 注：以元音字母+O结尾的，以及某些以O结尾的外来词，变成 复数只加S bamboo , zoo， radio ， tobacoo , two , studio工作室， Piano, kilo，photo ，kangaroo袋鼠 (6)有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero — zeros 、zeroes, volcano
高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词
高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词1.冠词和名词一、不定冠词a(an)的主要用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。
表示one 概念。
eg. ①a girl 一位女孩 ②an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个。
eg. ① His father is a doctor. ② I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于表示时间、速度或价格等意义的名词之前，表示单位，译为“每一”。
eg.① The rent is $100 a week.D. 指某人或某物，意为a certain ，常用在第一次提到某人或某物时。
eg. ① A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。
E. 用于抽象名词前，表示抽象名词具体化。
(success,difficulty, failure,help, beauty, comfort,danger, pride, honor, pleasure,pity)eg. ① What a pleasant surprise you brought us. F. 表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念，常与动词连用构成短语，名词前常有形容词修饰。
eg. ① have a good time ，have a wonderful supper ，have a good knowledge/understanding of ；have a population of ，have an income of ，cover an area of ，reach a height of 。
② have a good time ，have a wonderful supper ，have a good knowledge/understanding of ；have a population of ，have an income of ，cover an area of ，reach a height of 。
高中英语中名词、冠词和介词的用法
介词
一、介词的概述:
介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词,不能单独作句子成分, 必须与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语,才能 在句子中充当一个成分。
介词是英语中一个十分活跃的词类，也是一个最 少规律可循的词类，几乎每一个介词都可以用 来表达多种不同的含义；而不同的介词往往又 有十分相似的用法。因此，要学好介词，最好 的方法就是通过广泛的阅读去揣摩，比较和归 纳介词的用法，方能收到良好的效果。
The new film will last two hours. 7. 作同位语
Mr Wang , our headmaster gave us a talk yesterday. 8. 作呼语
Boys and girls, look at the blackboard.
冠词
一、冠词概述：
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词 的前面，帮助说明名词的含 义，不能离开名词而单独存 在。
1. 作主语 The bag is mine.
2. 作表语 This is an apple.
3. 作宾语 Would you like some coffee?
4. 作补语 We made him monitor of our class.
5. 作定语
We will meet at the school gate. 6. 作状语
四、名词所有格
概述： 所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名 词，作定语。
形式：由名词词尾加’s构成,多用来表示有生 命的东西.如: Mike’s pen , the boy’s mother 由介词of + 名词构成,多用来表示无生 命的东西. 如: the name of the book
名词所有格的几个要点：
高三英语语法知识：名词、代词和冠词知识精讲
高三英语语法知识：名词、代词和冠词【本讲主要内容】英语语法知识：名词、代词和冠词【知识总结归纳】1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词在句子中可以作主语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，定语，名数词连用可以做状语。
在使用名词时，要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词，以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。
如：a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
而：many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前，much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。
2. 冠词：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的意义。
冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。
a (an)是不定冠词，an用在元音发音开始的词语前。
如：an hour, an English book。
the 是定冠词。
1〕不定冠词：不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。
关于它的用法，用四个字概括，“每、一、类、某〞。
①表示“每日〞、“每周〞……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。
All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。
It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个〞，但仍译为“一个〞、“有个〞。
One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2〕定冠词的用法：①特指某人或某物，指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。
Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。
高中英语语法名词__冠词__代词
I．名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：desk time life book room honesty worker pencil computer Ⅱ．名词的分类1．名词分为专有名词和普通名词：．专有名词：表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称。
如：Asia；Washington，English,the United Nations, WTO, WHO.2. 普通名词：表示某些人、某类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
如：teacher；tea, peace, weapon(武器)。
普通名词又可进一步分为四类：1)个体名称：表示单个的人和事物。
horse , car, room ( 房间 ), apple, fan 风扇 picture.2)集体名称：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
people (人们) family army team, group3)物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
steel；air, water ,milk, ink, gold, sugar.4)抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。
．health, life, friendship, patience2．名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词: 有单、复数之分，表示一个或多个。
a book一本书；two books两本书。
不可数名词：抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般不可数。
有少数名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但含义不同。
paper纸 a paper 报纸 glass 玻璃 a glass 玻璃杯；wood 木头 woods 树林 iron 铁 an iron 熨斗room 空间 a room 房间 chiken 鸡肉 a chicken 小鸡lamb羊肉 a lamb 羊 work 工作 a work 著作／工艺品youth青春 a youth (男)青年 relation 关系 a relation 亲属power 威力／电力a power大国 beauty 美 a beauty 美人／美的东西fire 火 a fire 炉火 hair 总称头发 a hair 一根头发water 水 waters 水 sand 沙 sands 沙滩light 光lights 灯光 kindness 好意 kindnesses 几件好事knowledge知识 a good knowledge of English精通英语custom 风俗 customs 海关 spirit 精神 spirits 酒精，情绪time 时间times 时代 tea 茶 a well-known tea 一种名茶pleasure 高兴 a pleasure 高兴的事Ⅲ．名词的数1．不可数名词1)不可数名词一般没有单、复数之分，包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
高中英语名词和冠词讲义
主谓一致
6、there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如： There is a table and four chairs in the room
7、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如： Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow
名词的单复数
(3)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：
the Greens( 格林一家人)。
3.单复数同形的名词，如：
fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li（里）, yuan（元）, mu（亩）等
主谓一致
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用 单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院 子里有一些绵羊) 4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数： The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋) 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形 式,故谓语用复数。如： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便 宜,我想买)
4.合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为 复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变为复数，如：
冠词的用法和名词的分类
冠词的用法和名词的分类冠词的用法：冠词是用来限定名词的词语，分为定冠词和不定冠词。
1. 定冠词：- "the" 是用于特定的、已知的人或物，或以前提及过的人或物，表示特指。
- 例如：- "I saw the dog in the park." （我在公园看见那只狗。
）- "The book you borrowed is on the table." （你借的书在桌子上。
）2. 不定冠词：- "a" 或 "an" 用于泛指的人或物，表示不特定。
- "a" 用于以辅音音素开头的词前，"an" 用于以元音音素开头的词前。
- 例如：- "I saw a dog in the park." （我在公园看见一只狗。
）- "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." （一天一苹果，医生远离我。
）名词的分类：名词是用来表示人、事物、地方、抽象概念等的词语，分为多种分类。
1. 可数名词（Countable Nouns）：- 可单独计数的名词，可以有单数和复数形式。
- 例如：- "book" （书） - "books" （书籍）- "apple" （苹果） - "apples" （苹果）2. 不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）：- 无法单独计数的名词，只有单数形式。
- 例如：- "water" （水）- "rice" （大米）3. 可数和不可数名词（Countable and Uncountable Nouns）： - 有些名词既可以用可数形式表示，也可以用不可数形式表示，意义有所区别。
十大词性 高中完整
英语十大词性一、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy,morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right,white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first,second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi,hello.二、名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
字母要大写。
m, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。
如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。
如：pupil, family, man,foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
高考英语_名词和冠词
2.不可数名词常用(a) little,much,a great deal of等修饰,可数名词常用(a) few, many,a number of等修饰。a lot of,lots of,plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数 名词。 3.抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽 象名词可作为可数名词。 difficulty困难;a difficulty一件难事 failure失败;a failure一个失败者;一件失败的事 success成功;a success一位成功者;一件成功的事 surprise惊奇;a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 honour荣誉; an honour一位带来荣誉的人,一件带来荣誉的事 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
appear→appearance出现/外表 perform→performance履行
resist→resistance抵制
guide→guidance指导
enter→entrance进入
insure→insurance保险
assist→assistance帮助
endure→endurance/tolerate—tolerance忍受
④有些名词的单数形式和复数形式表示不同的意思。如:arm手臂/arms武器; cloth布/clothes衣服;content内容/contents目录;custom风俗;习惯/ customs海关;force力量/forces武装部队;good好事、好处/goods货物; green绿色/greens蔬菜;interest兴趣/interests利益、爱好;look看/ looks外貌;manner态度、方式/manners礼貌;pain痛苦/pains辛苦;paper 纸/papers论文、报纸、文件;people人们/peoples民族;sand沙/sands沙滩; time时间/times次数、时代;thing东西、事情/things形势;word单词,消息/ words话语;work工作/works工厂、著作;wood木头/woods树林。
高中英语语法讲解 pdf
高中英语语法讲解pdf一、名词的种类和名词的数1.名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
2.普通名词又可分四类：（1）个体名词。
例如：cup，desk，student等。
（2）集体名词。
例如：family，team等。
（3）物质名词。
例如：rice，water，cotton等。
（4）抽象名词。
例如：happiness，music，sleep等。
3.个体名词和集体名词可以用数来计算，称为可数名词；物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数来计算，称为不可数名词。
二、冠词的种类和冠词的用法1.冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种：（1）不定冠词a，an表示泛指，意为“一个”。
（2）定冠词the表示特指，意为“那个”。
2.a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the用在单数或复数名词前。
三、代词的种类和代词的用法1.代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等种类。
人称代词又分为主格和宾格两种形式。
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
反身代词可以用作宾语或表语。
指示代词可分单数和复数两种形式。
不定代词指一些表示泛指、不定指的代词。
2.代词有人称、数、格的变化。
四、数词的种类和数词的用法1.数词可分为基数词和序数词两种。
2.基数词表示数量，序数词表示次序。
3.数词常用来表示数量、顺序和编号等。
五、介词的种类和介词的用法1.介词可分为简单介词、复合介词和短语介词三类。
2.介词常用来表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的等。
3.介词后面一般接名词或代词作宾语，表示与其他事物的关系。
六、形容词的种类和形容词的用法1.形容词可分为描述性形容词和限定性形容词两类。
描述性形容词表示事物的性质和特征；限定性形容词用来修饰名词，表示所属关系。
2.形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语或补足语等成分。
修饰名词时放在名词之前，称为前置修饰语；作表语或补足语时放在名词之后，称为后置修饰语。
3.形容词可以比较级和最高级的形式出现，表示程度的差异。
高中英语语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词
名词和冠词名词一. 名词的分类1. 普通名词：○1个体名词，如man，woman，desk，pencil 一般可数，○2集体名词，如class，family，police，army 有单、复数形式。
○3物质名词，如meat，rice，cotton，iron 一般不可数，○4抽象名词，如life，help，happiness，sadness 没有单、复数之分。
2. 专有名词，如England，Shanghai，London，Smith，Karl Marx二. 名词的数1. 可数名词单复数变化形式可数名词是表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。
可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式，有些词单复数形式相同。
单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
○1规则变化A. 单数名词词尾直接加-s。
如bo y—boys，pe n—pens。
B.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词一般加-es。
如glas s—glasses，bo x—boxes，watch—watches。
C. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es。
如baby—babies，lady—ladies。
D.以o结尾的词有些加-es。
如tomato—tomatoes，potato—potatoes，hero—heroes。
以“元音+ o”或“oo”结尾的词和一些以“o”结尾的外来词只加-s。
如radi o—radios，zoo—zoos，photo—photos，piano—pianos，kilo—kilos，tobacco—tobaccos。
E. 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v，再加-es。
如wif e—wives，life—lives，knife—knives，wolf—wolves，self—selves，leaf—leaves。
特例：handkerchie f—handkerchiefs或handkerchives，roof—roofs，chief—chiefs，gulf—gulfs，belief—beliefs，cliff—cliffs。
高中英语的名词和冠词
题组训练·冠词填空 1.I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 2.The teacher asked us to write an 800-word-long composition. 3.Christmas is a special holiday when the whole family are supposed t o get together. 2.含有不定冠词的常考短语 have a cold得了感冒 have a good time玩得高兴 have a gift for有……的天赋 have a word with与……谈话 have/take a rest休息一下 have a holiday度假 make a living谋生
表语 补语
She is a lovely girl. Everyone elected him monitor.
定语
We will have a meeting on Friday evening.
(二)英语名词作定语的三种形式
作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、 地点、内容、类别等。作定语的名词有以下三种形式
表示“性质、 able—ability能力
状态”
honest—honesty诚实
后缀
-ance -ence -ancy -ency -age
-ship -dom
-ure
意义
例词
表示“性质、状态或行 accept—acceptance接受
为”
exist—existence存在
expect—expectancy期望
jewelry 珠宝
高中英语语法知识：名词与冠词讲义
高中英语语法知识讲义名词与冠词一、牢记名词变复数的6种变化形式1一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s:book→books，mouth→mouths,house→housesgirl→girls2.以-s，x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es:glass→glasses,box→boxes，matchmatches，brush→ brushes3.以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-escity cities,country→countries,party→parties, factory→factories4.以-o结尾的名词:(1)无生命的常在词尾加s:radio→radios，zoo→zoos,piano→pianoskilo→kilosphoto→photos(2)有生命的常加-es:hero→heroes，tomato→ tomatoes,potato→potatoes5.以-f，-fe结尾的名词:(1)一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词，要变f或fe为v再加-es:self→selves,life→lives，thiefthieveswife>wives.knife→knivesleaf→leaves.shelf→ shelves,wolf→wolveshalf→halves(2)少数直接加-s:roof→roofs，belief→beliefs6一些不规则变化的名词复数，如:child→children，man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→ feet等。
二、常见的10个不可数名词fun 乐趣advice progress 进步work 工作建议information 信息homework 家庭作业equipment 设备weather 天气housework 家务furniture 家具三、抽象名词的具体化具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数抽象名词(不可数) 名词)surprise惊讶asurprise一件令人惊讶的事success成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)honour荣誉(事) anhonour一个(件)光荣的人failure失败afailure一个(件)失败的人(事)beauty美;美丽 a beauty一个美丽的人或事物pleasure快乐apleasure一件乐事四、冠词用法1.用a/an还是the(1)用定冠词的情况①特指某人或某事:“the+姓氏复数”表一家人。
第一讲 冠词和名词
the son of the man you just talked to 刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子 (4)双重所有格 “of＋名词所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。 of 后名词所有格中的名词必须指人，而且是特指。如： an old friend of my uncle’s 我叔叔的一个老朋友
有生命的东西或时间、空 间、距离、价格、重量等 名词的所有格 无生命的东西的名词所有 格
二、其他需要注意的几点 1．名词的数 (1)复合名词的复数 有主体名词的复数形式(lookers-on, passers-by 等)和无主体 名词的复数形式(grown-ups, go-betweens 等)。 (2)集体名词的数 ①有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle, police, people 等。
第二部分
语法专题
第一讲
冠词和名词
冠词
一、不定冠词 考点
表示泛指，与 any 同义
示例
A square has four sides. He will be back in a week. a feather flock
表示数量“一”，与 one 同义，但
其数的概念不如 one 强烈
表 示 “ 一 类 人 或 东 西 ” ， 与 the Birds of same 同义 together.
续表
考点
表示“每一个”，与 every, each, per 同义 表示“某一”，与 a certain 同义
示例
I visit my father once a month. A Mr.Smith wants to see you.
表示“像……似的”，与 like 同义 He is a Lei Feng in our class.
高中语法复习专题一--名词和冠词
专题一名词和冠词（一）名词知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。
friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interestschange变化→changesmember成员→memberspainting油画→paintings(2)词尾是s，x，ch，sh时一般加es。
bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
(3)词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i再加es。
enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。
guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys(4)词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。
shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives(5)词尾是o的名词，有些直接加s，有些加es。
bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes实录：名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语，但不能作谓语。
记法：规则变化名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；s，x，z，ch，sh来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f或fe，加-s之前先变ve；辅母＋y在词尾，把y变i再加-es；词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
2.常用特殊名词的复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→men woman女人→womentooth牙→teet hfoot脚；英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micecriterion标准→criteriaphenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media(3)合成名词的复数变化规则①有中心名词的合成词的复数，是在中心名词后加-s。
名词和冠词讲义
一、名词（一）名词的定义名词是表示人、食物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念的词。
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
（二）可数名词和不可数名词名词按其所表示的食物性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1.不可数名词——不可数名词没有反复数形式。
如：water, some milk, some bread.2.可数名词——可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。
如：a girl, some girls可数名词的单数就是该词本身，在句中试用时，在其前加a或an。
注意:a 用于以辅音音素（指音标）开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素（指音标）开头的单数名词前。
如：book, an English book, an apple,a red apple, a man, an old man. （二）名词的数（1）元音发生变化如：man, men, woman, women, tooth, teeth, foot,feet, goose, geese, mouse,mice(2) 词尾发生变化Child children(3) 单复数形式相同如：fish, sheep,deer, Chinese, yuan,jin注意：作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。
有时也可用指各种不同种类的鱼，如果指一种鱼时，单复数相同。
（4）形似单数，实为复数如：people（人，人们），可以说some people，但不能说a person（要表示“一个人”可用a person）.Police(公安，警察)，指的是“警察”的统称，要说“一名警察”要用 a policeman/policewomen.5) 由man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是－men,-women如如frenchmen,englishmen，，还有起修饰作用的，woman doctor---women doctor(女医生) 但是其他合成词，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如：Banana tress----------banana trees 香蕉树（6）只用作单数，但以复数形式出现的名词有：maths physics, the United States, 等3.物质名词的定量表示方法不可数名词的定量表示不可数名词一般不可以直接被基数词修饰。
十一、名词和冠词讲解
energy 主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。
I’ll do everything in my power to help you. 我将尽全力帮助你。 A washing machine is a saver of time and strength. 洗衣机省时又省力。 The UN tries to limit the use of force in conflicts. 联合国尽力禁止在冲突中使用暴力。 You’ll need to apply all your energy to this job. 你需要把全部精力投入到这项工作中去。
wishes 问候
She wears a pair of glasses.她戴着一副 眼镜。 Her desk was covered with books and papers. 她的办公桌上全是书和文件。
考点二 名词作定语
1.名词作定语时,大多数情况是用单数形式(即使在 意义上是复数)。如:radio programs 电台节目。 2.man/woman 作定语修饰名词时,随名词单复数的 变化而变化。如:a man doctor 一位男大夫;two men doctors 两位男大夫。但 girl 与 boy 作定语时用其 单数形式,如:many boy students 许多男学生。
2.power,strength,force 与 energy
主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能,也可
power 指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来
的力量,还可以指职权或政权。
指固有的潜力。说人时,指“力气”; strength 说物时,指“强度,强项”。
force
主要指自然界的力量;暴力、势力以及 法律、道德或感情的力量;军事力量等。
修改名词为冠词：高中英语常考词性转换冠词
修改名词为冠词：高中英语常考词性转换冠词修改名词为冠词: 高中英语常考词性转换—名词变冠词在高中英语中，词性转换是常见的题型，其中一种常见的转换是将名词转换为冠词。
本文将介绍一些常考的名词变冠词的规则和例子。
1. 定冠词 "the"1.1 特指某个人或物- "the" 用来指代特定的人或物例子：- I want to buy the book.（我想买那本书。
）- The cat is on the roof.（那只猫在屋顶上。
）1.2 同类事物中的特定人或物- "the" 也可以用来指代同类事物中的特定人或物例子：- The sun is shining.（阳光灿烂。
）（同类事物中的特定太阳）- The bird is singing.（鸟儿在唱歌。
）（同类事物中的特定鸟）1.3 同一地点、单位、机构等- 当涉及同一地点、单位、机构等时，使用 "the" 进行指代例子：- I work at the school.（我在学校工作。
）- The students are studying in the classroom.（学生们在教室里研究。
）2. 不定冠词 "a/an"2.1 泛指某个人或物- "a" 或 "an" 用于泛指某个人或物例子：- I need a pen.（我需要一支笔。
）- She has an umbrella.（她有一把雨伞。
）2.2 表示职业或身份- "a" 或 "an" 用于表示职业或身份例子：- He wants to be a doctor.（他想成为一名医生。
）- She is an engineer.（她是一名工程师。
）2.3 表示数量- "a" 或 "an" 用于表示数量，意为 "一个"例子：- I ate an apple.（我吃了一个苹果。
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高中名词和冠词1.冠词与名词连用表示种类1) a surprise a blue sky a pleasure a peaceful seaa pity a shame a good breakfast2)不可数名词加“s”表示种类foods, drinks, waters, seas, fruits, medicines3)科技名词与“the”连用表示类别the telephone,the computer等4)普通名同用“a”或用the表示一类A horse is a useful animal. The tiger is in danger.5)有些名词用作不可数意义笼统，用作可数名词意义具体。
(1) invite sb to dinner have a dinner(2)have some tea give me a tea(3)a piece of cloth(布料) a cloth(某种用途的一块布)(4)by force (武力) forces军队(5)experience经验experiences经历(6)ash灰ashes(灰烬)残渣(7)manner方式manners礼貌。
6)有些名词只有复数形式，没有单数形式。
clothes, people(人们) cattle, police, customs(海关) surroundings(环境) conditions(环境)youth青年circumstances (环境)trousers, thanks, wishes, regards, congratulations, respects 7)有些名词指整体谓语动词用单数，指个体成员谓语动词用复数。
如:class, family, group, commitee , team等。
8)有些抽象名词与of连用相当干形容词可作表语或定语、补语。
(be) of interest (help, importance ,use, benifit , va1ue等)9) of a+ n. the same + n.表示相同的形状，样式等。
(be) of a kind( weight, height, design, colour, shape, size, quality, width, length等)。
10)下列不可数名词不能与“a”连用。
news, advice, information, practice, energy等。
2.名词作定语名词作定语说明被修饰名词的用途、材料和功能。
(1)单数名词作定语a shoe factory a coffee cup a gold ring paper money traffic lightsa diamond necklace(2)复数名词作定语sports meeting sports car/shoes/clothes salesgirl salesman clothes line(3)定语随着被修饰名词发生单复数变化a man doctor men doctors a woman driver women drivers(4)具体的时间，区域作定语用所有格形式。
泛指的时间不用所有格。
today's newspaper tomorrow's meeting an hour's ridetwo weeks' holiday ten minutes' walk China's industryevening dress morning paper night school winter holidays名词与冠词专练:1. While learning English, we must learn a lot of new words and useful expressions______.A. with mindB. with headC. in heartD. by heart2. The day ended up with_____.A.a heavy rainB. heavy rainC. heavy snowD. much rain3. My father teaches at______university.A. oneB. anC.aD. x4. These football players had no strict______until they joined our club.A. practiceB. educationC. exerciseD. training5. They went to_____theatre.A. some aB. a someC. certain aD. a certain6. Will you join us in_____conversation?A. theB. xC. aD. an7. ......Thank you very much for showing me around, Miss White......._________.A. It's all rightB. It's a pleasureC. I'm pleasedD. The same to you8. It was______that such little insects ate so much food.A. wonderB. wonderfulC. a wonderD. wondering9. One of my good friends is______young man and______man you'll like to work with.A. the, theB. a,theC. a,aD. the,a10. ......When did you arrive here?...... Just_____when he married.A. in the same morningB. on the nightC. at the nightD. on very afternoon11. We can't stand______any longer.A. that bad temper of himB. his that bad temperC. that bad temper of hisD. that his bad temper12 . ...... What did you see?......We saw_____police there.A. manyB. muchC. littleD. the13._____useful information you've gatheredA.WhatB. What aC. HowD. How an14. ......Have you ever heard of Mr Read?...... Yes, he is_______reporter.A. an Australian famous youngB. a famous Australian youngC. a young Australian famousD. a famous young Australian15. ......Can't YOU get the main______of the story?...... No, I'm poor at Japanese.A.ideaB. pointC. messageD. news16. The housewives on______farm often go to______church on Sundays.A. /,/B. the,aC. /,theD.the,/17. They moved to another house to make______the newcomers.A. a room forB. some room toC.room forD. much room for18. Why should______man retire at______age of sixty?A. a, theB. a,anC. the, onD. /,the19. When he returned from abroad ,he was not_____we had known ten years before.A. JohnB. a JohnC. the JohnD. the Johns20. He had written and later destroyed_______papers.A. many soB. so muchC. such manyD. many such21. I need_______of rope to tie all the books.A. a longB. a lengthC. longD. length22. It's a hard_____for a poor man to keep his wife and children well dressed.A. labourB. workC. dutyD. job23. Everything is going on well under the normal______.A. conditionsB.conditionC. situationD. situations24. We can't grow rice for_______of water.A. noB. lack C little D. no enough25.This kind of material_____easily.A. is tornB.tearsC. is washedD. is lasted26......Have you come to an______?...... Not yet.We need a further discussion.A.agreementB. ideaC. endD. effect27. Mr Smith is musical_____.A. in natureB.by natureC.of naturesD. with nature28. One splendid mountain______followed another during our journey from our city tothe mountain village.A.viewB. glanceC. screenD. scene29. No_____you failed in the exam. You have always been so careless.A.matterB. troubleC.wonderD. way30.He thought the painting was of little____,so he let me have it for only ten pounds.A.valueB. costC.priceD. expense31.The child is so full of______that he can't keep still.A. forceB.energyC. powerD. strength32......Are you really through with the job?.....No，______，I've just begun.A. on the other handB. on the contraryC. on the one handD. in a moment33. I knew I shouldn't accept anything from such a person，but I found it difficult to turn down his_____.A. appreciationB.offerC. suggestionD. request34. China Central Television today offers a great_____programmes to satisfy different needs and_____.A. number,smellB. types, hopesC. variety,tastesD. kinds, market35. His daughter is always shy in_____and she never dares to make a speech to_____.A. the public ,the publicB.public. the publicC. the public,publicD. public, public36. Could you spare______?I want to have______with you.A. some time,a wordB. sometimes, wordsC. sometime,a wordD. some times,words37. To be good teacher calls for rich knowledge as well as _____.A. patienceB. timeC. waitD. patiences38. It takes years of ______practice to gain the skill of_____expert.A.a,theB./,aC. a,anD./.an39. In the botanical gardens we can find a (n)______of plants that range from talltrees to small flowers.A. speciesB. groupC. amountD. variety40. May I try on that coat! I don’t know whether it's my______.A.sizeB. colorC. designD. model41. The police are offering a big______for information about the robber.A. moneyB.rewardC. priceD. prize42. It was too early in the_____to expect many visitors to a seaside.A. seasonB. timeC. periodD. term43. One of the_____of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good_____.A. advantages,viewB. advantages,sceneC. things. sightD. differences,look44. What you need is more ______,for you are always doing your______at your desk.A.exercises, exercisesB. exercise,exerciseC. exercises,exerciseD.exercise,exercises45. Each of us is supposed to go all out for the team on_____.A. sport fieldB. sports fieldC. sports fieldsD. sports' fields46.The ship is ploughing _____ of ______ Atlantic.A. water,theB. the waters,/C. the waters,theD. a water,/47.______came of his success in the singing competition abroad.A.WordB. WordsC. A wordD. Some words48.Mr Jackson used to work in the______department of the chemical_____.A. sale,workB. sales, workC. sale, worksD. sales, works49.The astronauts were busy making______for the historic flight to the moon.A. preparationB.preparationsC. preparingD. a preparation50. ......What did Alexander Bell do?......He invented_______.A.telephonesB. a telephoneC. telephoneD.the telephone51.Do you know whose parents work in the______in our class?A. shoes factoryB. shoe factoryC. factory of shoesD. steel's company52._______is now developing with great speed?A. China industryB. Chinese industryC. China's industryD. Industry of China53. What_____I have got!I remembered posting the letter, but forgot to stamp it.A.a poor memoryB. poor memoryC. a good memoryD. good memories54. Hold yourself steady and you will not lose_____.A.the balanceB. balancesC. heartD. sight55. Something must be done to prevent our living______being polluted.A. circumstancesB. conditionC. standardsD. surrounding56. Paper money was in______in China when Marco Polo visited the country in______thirteenth century.A. the use, the 8& use,the C. the effect,/ D. an effect,a57. Most animals have little connection with_____animals of_____different kindunless they kill them for food.A. the,aB./,aC. the.theD. /,the58. When she finished ______,,she began working forA.school, newspaperB.school,a newspaperC. a school, the newspaperD. the school, newspapers59. We elected him______monitor of our class, and he gave______to everyone.A.a, respects and helpB. /,his respects and helpC. the, respect and honorsD. /,thanks and helps60.The inventor is really______Edison of our time.A.theB. aC./D. an61. The old naturalist was devoted to bringing out_____secret of______all his life.A.the,/B. the, theC. /,theD. /,a62. What______it is to swim in the cool water in______hot weather.A. fun, soB. fun,/C. a fun, theD. a fun, a63. I will keep______eye on the baby when she is away.A. theB.anC. oneD./64.Mr Wang was a man of_____before he turned______.A. success,a writerB. a success,writerC.success,writerD. a success,a writer65. He can't get rid of______habit of smoking even when he is ill in_____bed.A. the,/B. a,/C. a,theD. /,the66. It's important for us to keep up______while taking examinations.A. a good state of mindB. good state of mindsC. a good state of heartD. good state of spirit67. Although the boy came back to______,yet he_______rather weak.A.his life, grewB.life, remainedC. the life,becameD. a life,proved68. ......Has she had much______in teaching English?...... No,she is just a new hand.A.baseB. futureC. energyD.experience69. The workers repaired______for several weeks before everything returned to______.A. the damage,normalB. damages, normalC. the ruins,usualD. harm ordinary70. To get the job started,all that I need is_____.I'd like to obey your orders.A.your permissionB. your promisesC. your advicesD. your suggestions71. ......I can't find the way to your office.......I will make_______for somebody to meet you at the airport.A, arrangements B. an arrangement C. a promise D. decisions 72.______sister of my grandmother's will come here next month. I'm wondering howold_______woman she should be.A.The,aB. A,theC.A,aD. The, the73. In my personal opinion,______to persuade him to change his mind.A. it is no need of tryingB. there is n.、need to tryC. it is no need to tryD. there is not need of trying74. Students sometimes support themselves by________of evening jobs.A. waysB. pathsC.meansD. offers75. Last Sunday he bought______in the store.A. a furnitureB. a piece of furnitureC. some furnituresD. two furnitures76. Please give my_____to your family.A.lovesB. wishC. regardD.regards77. He is one of the most successful_____in the play.A. newspaper of writersB. newspaper's writersC. newspapers writersD. newspaper writers78. The doctors spared_____to save the sick boy.A.no effortB. every effort C an effort D. efforts79.The two bridges are of_____.A.designB. same kindC. the shopsD. colour80.....Why isn't Susan at the dance?....She couldn't come because she hurt her foot....._______!A.Don't worry about herB. Never mindC. What a shameD. Bad luck81. The aging of the population will have a great_____on our society in many ways.A. advantageB. resultC. dangerD. effect82. The WTO'S rules-the agreements -are the_____of talks between the membersA.reasonB. resultC. discoveryD. ending83. Jack tried hard to get a gold medal in this Winter Olympic Games but he had no______.A.luckB. timeC. fateD. entrance84.Carry your ______ with you -money, jewelry,cameras and so on.A. giftsB. suitcaseC. bagsD. valuables85.-Did you hear the president's speech about the media?-Yes,Hr doesn't trust them. He think that they aren't giving correct_____ about his programs.A. articleB. informationC. speechD. idea86. " My guests said I was better一looking because they had a(n)一to ask of me."Zouji said.A.affectB.favorC. offerD. answer87. If you want to see a doctor,fix the date with him ahead of time. This is a common______in the USA.A.habitwC.customD. rule88. I listened to Dr Johnson's lecture about biology, but I failed to get its key____.A. words R. notes C. messages D.points89. He is always full of_____as though he never knew tiredness.A.strengthB.energyC.forceD. power90. He told me that the factory war ______ his brother.A. in charge ofB.in charge forC.in the charge ofD. in the charge for91. Some famous singers live on the_____from their record sales.A. salaryB. valueC. billD. income92. Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas,and other forms of_____.A.sourceB.energyC. powerD.material93. The______has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time betweenthe two sides.A. discussionB. friendshipC. situationD. condition94.The new law will come into_______ on the day it is passed.A.effectB.beingC.serviceD. existence95.Some of the passengers told the reporters about their______in the burning train.A. detailsB. tripsC.eventsD.experiences96. I love thinking of new designs. It keeps my mind clear and active and fills my retired life with_____.A. surpriseB. anxietyC.joyD. difference97. We look forward to the day when the motorcar will be replaced by some less dangerous______of transport.A. methodsB. meanC. mannersD. ways98. He told me he had been offered a well-paid_____.A. businessB. serviceC. workD.position99. Television has many advantages. It keeps us informed about the latest news and alsoprovides______in the house.A. foodB. newsC.entertainmentD. pictures100.I don't envy______Beijing,because I have been there several times.A.him his visitingB. him to visitC. visiting toD. to visit101.-Would you be so kind as to give me a______?I am too tired to walk any more.-I am so sorry the car is too crowded.A. placeB. driveC.seatD. lift102.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could besure of passing it on her first_____.A. intentionB.attemptC. purposeD. desire103.No one has yet succeeded in explaining the______of how life began.A cause B. problem C. reason D. puzzle104. Hundreds of people leave their villages to seek their______in cities.A. fortuneB. chanceC. senseD. knowledge105. See what you have done!Don't you have a______of right or wrong?A. feelingB. thoughtC. senseD. knowledge106. He keeps in_with his uncle in America by writing letters.A. connectionB. relationC. touchD. friendship107. A red light is a_____that means all traffic and pedestrians should stop for themoment.A.signalB. wordC. markD. notice108. You'll find this book of great______in helping you to write compositions.A. priceB. costC.valueD. usefulness109. These young drivers are more likely to have an accident in their first year of driving than when their_______increases.A. amountB. interest E. experience D. age110. Being able to speak another language fluently is a great_____when you're looking for a job.A.advantageB. chanceC. assistantD. importance111. ......You mean you know the man?...... No,I know______man exactly like him.A. otherB. theC./D.a112. The doctor was not sure about the operation,but the patient insisted that the operation be done_____it was_____.A. unless,a failureB. whether or not,a successC.so long as,a failureD.even if,a success113. It is generally believed that teaching is______it is a science.A.an art much asB. much an art asC.an art much asD. as much an art as114. I noticed that she had placed my old shoes under the bed,______ with a hole ateach of the big toes.A. thatB. theseC. themD.the pair115. You can't imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times_____.A. in weightB.by weightC.of weightD.their weight116. The class named______Lei Feng is one of best classes in this school.A.in honor ofB. in place ofC.in favor ofD. by means of117.He had tried everything but it made little______.eB. goodC. differenceD.result118. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______.A. excuseB.senseeD. value119._____your business becomes international,_______constantly will be part ofyour life.A. For,flyingB. Since,flight G Now that , flight D. Once,flying120. The king ruled the country _______.A.with firm handsB.by firm handsC.by firm handD.with firm hand121. He_____,but he is not poor._______,he is millionaire.A. is in rags,To the contrary B, is dressing in rags,To the contraryC. was in rags,On the contraryD.is in rags, On the contrary122. The furniture hem is good and the price is reasonable. If you like, you can_____.A. take an orderB. put an orderC.give an orderD.place an order123. Deep in______,he had to cut down the expense on the new flat.A.sorrowB. angerC.businessD.debt124. The girl is good at singing because she has______for music.A.giftsB.a giftC. waysD.a way125. Suddenly there was a_____of lightening followed by a clap of thunder.A.flashB. streamC. rayD. flame126. This cloth is of good_____,but it is not expensive.A. characterB. conditionC. satisfactionD. quality127. You ought to take every_______to improve your oral English.A. adviceB. thing C chance D. time128. We can only do the job for you______the work is paid for in advance.A.on condition thatB. now thatC. just asD. in what129. She is always ready to help people in trouble because she thinks it a____.A. decisionB. chanceC.prideD. pleasure130. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no______in sending the blood to the dying man.A.worryB.delayC.timeD.service131. Life's_____is full of hardships as well as joys.A.tripB. tourC. travelD. journey132. I opened the letter and it contained_____.A.a important informationB.important informationC. the important intonationsD. an inpmtant indmnnation133. Much______to fight against pollution.A.have been doneB.has been doneC.had been doneD. has done134. Bring me ______, please. I want to have a look at this photo.A.a lampB. woodsC. woodenD. some woods135. Most of the wood_______to make furnitureA. were usedB. have been usedC. had been usedD.was used 136. The beautiful ______ pleasure to all of us.A.givesB.giveC. areD. is137. In the room_____a desk and two chairs.A.has foundB.was foundC. have foundD. are found138. The concert was_____because only a few people come to it.A. failuresB. successC. a failureD.a success139. The book is full______.A. difficultyB. difficultC.difficultiesD. a difficulty140. I'm very thirsty，please bring me_____.A. teaB.two teasC. a cup of teesD. teas141.Both meat and fish_______running out.A.isB. willC.areD. has142. Five thousand pounds_______a large sum.A.isB. have beenC. has beenD. look like143. When you play football,what_____do you play?A.situationB. placeC. partD. position144. How are the workers paid?I have heard that they are paid_____.A. by hoursB.by the hourC.by weeksD. in the month145. We are living in______when many things are done on computer.A. an ageB. timesC. the worldD. an idea名词与冠词专练参考答案:1一5 D A C D D 51一55 B C A A A 101一105 D B A A C 6一10 A B C B B 56一60 B B B B D 106一110 C A C C A 11一15 C D A D A 61一65 A B B C A 111一115 D B D D D 16一20 D C A C D 66一70 A B D A A 116一120 A C B D D 21一25 B D A B B 71一75 A C B C B 121一125 D D D B A 26一30 A B A C A 76一80 D D A A C 126一130 D C A D B 31一35 B B B C B 81一85 D B A D B 131一135 D B B A D 36一40 A A D D A 86一90.B C D B C 136一140 A B C C B 41一-45 B B A D C 91一95 D B C A D 141一145 C A D B A 46一50 C A D B D 96一100 C B D C A。