NOIP2014初赛提高组C++语言试题
NOIP2014初赛普及组C题目及答案
第二十届全国青少年信息学奥林匹克联赛初赛普及组C++语言试题2014年一、快单项选择题 （共 20题，每题 1.5 分，共计 30分；每题有且仅有一个正确选项 ）1.以下哪个是面向对象的高级语言 （）。
2. 1TB 代表的字节数是（）。
A.2的10次方B.2的20次方C.2的30次方D.2的40次方 3•二进制数 00100100 和 00010101 的和是（）。
A.00101000B.001010100C.01000101D.001110014•以下哪一种设备属于输出设备 （）。
A.扫描仪B.键盘C.鼠标D.打印机5•下列对操作系统功能的描述最为完整的是 （）。
C.控制和管理计算机系统的各种硬件和软件资源的使用 6. CPU 、存储器、I/O 设备是通过（）连接起来的。
A.接口 B.总线 C.控制线D.系统文件 7•断电后会丢失数据的存储器是 （）。
A.RAMB.ROMC.硬盘D.光盘8•以下哪一种是属于电子邮件收发的协议 （）。
9•下列选项中不属于图像格式的是 （）。
A. JPEG 格式B.TXT 格式C.GIF 格式10.链表不具有的特点是（）。
A.不必事物估计存储空间C.插入删除不需要移动元素B. 可随机访问任一元素D.所需空间与线性表长度成正比11.下列各无符号十进制整数中，能用八位二进制表示的数中最大的是 A.296B.133C.256D.19912•下列几个32位IP 地址中，书写错误的是()。
A.162.105.135.27B.192.168.0.1C.256.256.129.1D.10.0.0.113•要求以下程序的功能是计算： s=1+1/2+1/3+...+1/10 。
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() {int n; float s; s = 1.0;for(n = 10; n > 1; n--) s = s + 1 / n; cout << s << endl; return 0;}程序运行后输出结果错误，导致错误结果的程序行是 ( )。
NOIP初赛试题提高组C语言
2.已知 a, b, c, d, e, f, g 七个人中， a 会讲英语； b 会讲英语和汉语； c 会讲英语、意大利语和俄语； d 会讲汉语和日语； e 会讲意大利语和德语； f 会讲俄语、日语和法语； g 会讲德语和法语。
能否将他们的座位安排在圆桌旁，使得每个人都能与他身边的人交谈？如果可以，请以“ a b ”开头写出你的安排方案： 。
.答： a b d f g e c第十一届（2005）a-b-d-fc-e-g-f g-e-c-f第十二届（2006）三．问题求解（共 2 题，每题 5 分，共计10 分）1．将2006 个人分成若干不相交的子集，每个子集至少有3 个人，并且：（1）在每个子集中，没有人认识该子集的所有人。
（2）同一子集的任何 3 个人中，至少有2 个人互不认识。
（3）对同一子集中任何 2 个不相识的人，在该子集中恰好只有 1 个人认识这两个人。
则满足上述条件的子集最多能有___________个？分析：要使子集数最多，每一子集的人数应最少。
每一子集的人数为3，不符合要求，为4也不符合要求，为5可符合要求。
2．将边长为n 的正三角形每边n 等分，过每个分点分别做另外两边的平行线，得到若干个正三角形，我们称为小三角形。
正三角形的一条通路是一条连续的折线，起点是最上面的一个小三角形，终点是最下面一行位于中间的小三角形。
在通路中，只允许由一个小三角形走到另一个与其有公共边的且位于同一行或下一行的小三角形，并且每个小三角形不能经过两次或两次以上（图中是n=5 时一条通路的例子）。
设n=10，则该正三角形的不同的通路的总数为_____________。
分析与解：如果n=2，存在的不同的通路总数为1如果n=3，存在的不同的通路总数为2=1*2=2！如果n=4，存在的不同的通路总数为6=1*2*3=3！如果n=5，存在的不同的通路总数为24=1*2*3*4=4！……如果n=10，存在的不同的通路总数为9！第十三届（2007）三．问题求解（共2 题，每题5 分，共计10 分）1．给定n 个有标号的球，标号依次为1，2，…，n。
NOIP提高组初赛试题-C++含标准答案
NOIP提高组初赛试题-C++含答案————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：第十四届全国青少年信息学奥林匹克联赛初赛试题（提高组 C++ 语言二小时完成）●●全部试题答案均要求写在答卷纸上，写在试卷纸上一律无效●●一、单项选择题（共10题，每题1.5分，共计15分。
每题有且仅有一个正确答案）。
1. 在以下各项中，（）不是操作系统软件。
A. SolarisB. LinuxC. SybaseD. Windows VistaE.Symbian2．微型计算机中，控制器的基本功能是（）。
A. 控制机器各个部件协调工作B. 实现算术运算和逻辑运算C.存储各种控制信息D. 获取外部信息E. 存放程序和数据3. 设字符串S=”Olympic”，S的非空子串的数目是（）。
A. 29B. 28C. 16D. 17E. 74．完全二叉树共有2*N-1个结点，则它的叶节点数是（）。
A. N-1B. 2*NC. ND. 2N-1E. N/25．将数组{8, 23, 4, 16, 77, -5, 53, 100}中的元素按从大到小的顺序排列，每次可以交换任意两个元素，最少需要交换（）次。
A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7E. 86．设栈S的初始状态为空，元素a，b，c，d，e，f依次入栈S，出栈的序列为b，d，c，f，e，a，则栈S的容量至少应该是（）。
A. 6B. 5C. 4D. 3E. 27. 与十进制数28.5625相等的四进制数是（）。
A. 123.21B. 131.22C. 130.22D. 130.21E.130.208．递归过程或函数调用时，处理参数和返回地址，通常使用一种称为（）的数据结构。
A. 队列B. 多维数组C. 线性表D. 链表E. 栈9. TCP/IP是一组构成互联网基础的网络协议，字面上包括两组协议：传输控制协议（TCP）和网际协议（IP）。
2009_2014NOIP初赛提高组C 语言试题和参考答案解析45
2009-2013年NOIP初赛提高组C++语言试题2013第十九届全国青少年信息学奥林匹克联赛初赛提高组C++语言试题竞赛时间：2013年10月13日14:30~16:30选手注意：试题纸共有12页，答题纸共有2页，满分100分。
请在答题纸上作答，写在试题纸上的一律无效。
不得使用任何电子设备（如计算器、手机、电子词典等）或查阅任何书籍资料。
一、单项选择题（共15题，每题1.5分，共计22.5分；每题有且仅有一个正确选项）1.一个32位整型变量占用（）个字节。
A.4 B.8 C.32 D.1282.二进制数11.01在十进制下是（）。
A.3.25 B.4.125 C.6.25 D.11.1253.下面的故事与（）算法有着异曲同工之妙。
从前有座山，山里有座庙，庙里有个老和尚在给小和尚讲故事：?从前有座山，山里有座庙，庙里有个老和尚在给小和尚讲故事：‘从前有座山，山里有座庙，庙里有个老和尚给小和尚讲故事....’?A.枚举B.递归C.贪心D.分治4.1948年，（）将热力学中的熵引入信息通信领域，标志着信息论研究的开端。
A.冯·诺伊曼（John von Neumann）B.图灵（Alan Turing）C.欧拉（Leonhard Euler）D.克劳德·香农（Claude Shannon）5.已知一棵二叉树有2013个节点，则其中至多有（）个节点有2个子节点。
A.1006B.1007C.1023D.10246.在一个无向图中，如果任意两点之间都存在路径相连，则称其为连通图。
右图是一个有5个顶点、8条边的连通图。
若要使它不再是连通图，至少要删去其中的（）条边。
A.2B.3C.4D.57.斐波那契数列的定义如下：F1=1,F2=1,Fn=Fn–1+Fn–2(n≥3)。
如果用下面的函数计算斐波那契数列的第n项，则其时间复杂度为（）。
int F(int n){if(n<=2)return 1;elsereturn F(n-1)+F(n-2);})A.O(1)B.O(n)C.O(n2)D.O(Fn8.二叉查找树具有如下性质：每个节点的值都大于其左子树上所有节点的值、小于其右子树上所有节点的值。
NOIP2014初赛普及组C 题目及答案
第二十届全国青少年信息学奥林匹克联赛初赛普及组C++语言试题2014年一、快单项选择题(共20题，每题1.5分，共计30分；每题有且仅有一个正确选项)⒈以下哪个是面向对象的高级语言( )。
A.汇编语言B.C++C.FortranD.Basic⒉1TB代表的字节数是( )。
A.2的10次方B.2的20次方C.2的30次方D.2的40次方⒊二进制数00100100和00010101的和是( )。
A.00101000B.001010100C.01000101D.00111001⒋以下哪一种设备属于输出设备( )。
A.扫描仪B.键盘C.鼠标D.打印机⒌下列对操作系统功能的描述最为完整的是( )。
A.负责外设与主机之间的信息交换B.负责诊断机器的故障C.控制和管理计算机系统的各种硬件和软件资源的使用D.将没有程序编译成目标程序⒍CPU、存储器、I/O设备是通过( )连接起来的。
A.接口B.总线C.控制线D.系统文件⒎断电后会丢失数据的存储器是( )。
A.RAMB.ROMC.硬盘D.光盘⒏以下哪一种是属于电子邮件收发的协议( )。
A.SMTPB.UDPC.P2PD.FTP⒐下列选项中不属于图像格式的是( )。
A.JPEG格式B.TXT格式C.GIF格式D.PNG格式⒑链表不具有的特点是( )。
A.不必事物估计存储空间B.可随机访问任一元素C.插入删除不需要移动元素D.所需空间与线性表长度成正比⒒下列各无符号十进制整数中，能用八位二进制表示的数中最大的是( )。
A.296B.133C.256D.199⒓下列几个32位IP地址中，书写错误的是( )。
A.162.105.135.27B.192.168.0.1C.256.256.129.1D.10.0.0.1⒔要求以下程序的功能是计算：s=1+1/2+1/3+...+1/10。
#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main(){int n;float s;s = 1.0;for(n = 10; n > 1; n--)s = s + 1 / n;cout << s << endl;return 0;}程序运行后输出结果错误，导致错误结果的程序行是( )。
NOIP2014提高组复赛试题(C语言版)
CCF全国信息学奥林匹克联赛（NOIP2014）复赛提高组day1（请选手务必仔细阅读本页内容）一．题目概况中文题目名称生活大爆炸版石头剪刀布联合权值飞扬的小鸟英文题目与子目录名rps link bird 可执行文件名rps link bird输入文件名rps.in link.in bird.in 输出文件名rps.out link.out bird.out 每个测试点时限1秒1秒1秒测试点数目101020每个测试点分值10105附加样例文件有有有结果比较方式全文比较（过滤行末空格及文末回车）题目类型传统传统传统运行内存上限128M128M128M二．交源程序文件名对于C++语言rps.cpp link.cpp bird.cpp 对于C语言rps.c link.c bird.c 对于pascal语言rps.pas link.pas bird.pas三．编译命令（不包含任何优化开关）对于C++语言g++-o rps rps.cpp–lm g++-o link link.cpp–lmg++-o bird bird.cpp–lm对于C语言gcc-o rps rps.c–lm gcc-o link link.c–lm gcc-o bird bird.c–lm对于pascal语言fpc rps.pas fpc link.pas fpc bird.pas注意事项：1、文件名（程序名和输入输出文件名）必须使用英文小写。
2、C/C++中函数main()的返回值类型必须是int，程序正常结束时的返回值必须是0。
3、全国统一评测时采用的机器配置为：CPU AMD Athlon(tm)64x2Dual Core CPU5200+，2.71GHz，内存2G，上述时限以此配置为准。
4、只供Linux格式附加样例文件。
5、特别提醒：评测在当前最新公布的NOI Linux下进行，各语言的编译器版本以其为准。
1．生活大爆炸版石头剪刀布(rps.cpp/c/pas)【问题描述】石头剪刀布是常见的猜拳游戏：石头胜剪刀，剪刀胜布，布胜石头。
NOIP2014(第二十届)初赛普及组C语言试题及答案
第二十届全国青少年信息学奥林匹克联赛初赛普及组C语言试题竞赛时间：2014年10月12日14:30~16:30选手注意：试题纸共有8页，答题纸共有2页，满分100分。
请在答题纸上作答，写在试题纸上的一律无效。
不得使用任何电子设备（如计算器、手机、电子词典等）或查阅任何书籍资料。
一、单项选择题（共20题，每题1.5分，共计30分；每题有且仅有一个正确选项）1. 以下哪个是面向对象的高级语言（）。
A. 汇编语言B. C++C. FortranD. Basic2. 1TB代表的字节数量是（）。
A. 2的10次方B. 2的20次方C. 2的30次方D. 2的40次方3. 二进制数00100100和00010101的和是（）。
A. 00101000B. 001010100C. 01000101D. 001110014. 以下哪一种设备属于输出设备（）。
A. 扫描仪B. 键盘C. 鼠标D. 打印机5. 下列对操作系统功能的描述最为完整的是（）。
A. 负责外设与主机之间的信息交换B. 负责诊断机器的故障C. 控制和管理计算机系统的各种硬件和软件资源的使用D. 将源程序编译成目标程序6. CPU、存储器、I/O设备是通过（）连接起来的。
A. 接口B. 总线C. 控制线D. 系统文件7. 断电后会丢失数据的存储器是（）。
A.RAMB. ROMC. 硬盘D. 光盘8. 以下哪一种是属于电子邮件收发的协议（）。
A. SMTPB. UDPC. P2PD. FTP9. 下列选项中不属于图像格式的是（）。
A. JPEG格式B. TXT格式C. GIF格式D. PNG格式10. 链表不具有的特点是（）。
A. 不必事先估计存储空间B. 可随机访问任一元素C. 插入删除不需要移动元素D. 所需空间与线性表长度成正比11. 下列各无符号十进制整数中，能用八位二进制表示的数中最大的是（）。
A. 296B. 133C. 256D. 19912. 下列几个32位IP地址中，书写错误的是（）。
2014—2017年全国青少年信息学奥林匹克竞赛初赛提高组C语言试题(附答案)
NOIP 2017全国青少年信息学奥林匹克联赛提高组初赛试题答案一、单项选择题（共 15 题，每题 1.5 分，共计 22.5 分；每题有且仅有一个正确选项）1. 从( )年开始，NOIP 竞赛将不再支持 Pascal 语言。
A. 2020B. 2021C. 2022D. 20232.在 8 位二进制补码中，10101011 表示的数是十进制下的( )。
A. 43B. -85C. -43D.-843.分辨率为 1600x900、16 位色的位图，存储图像信息所需的空间为( )。
A. 2812.5KBB. 4218.75KBC. 4320KBD. 2880KB4. 2017年10月1日是星期日，1949年10月1日是( )。
A. 星期三B. 星期日C. 星期六D. 星期二5. 设 G 是有 n 个结点、m 条边(n ≤m)的连通图，必须删去 G 的( )条边，才能使得 G 变成一棵树。
A.m–n+1B. m-nC. m+n+1D.n–m+16. 若某算法的计算时间表示为递推关系式：T(N)=2T(N/2)+NlogNT(1)=1则该算法的时间复杂度为( )。
A.O(N)B.O(NlogN)C.O(N log2N)D.O(N2)7. 表达式a * (b + c) * d的后缀形式是()。
A. abcd*+*B. abc+*d*C. a*bc+*dD. b+c*a*d8. 由四个不同的点构成的简单无向连通图的个数是( )。
A. 32B. 35C. 38D. 419. 将7个名额分给4个不同的班级，允许有的班级没有名额，有( )种不同的分配方案。
A. 60B. 84C. 96D.12010. 若f[0]=0, f[1]=1, f[n+1]=(f[n]+f[n-1])/2，则随着i的增大，f[i]将接近与( )。
A. 1/2B. 2/3D. 111. 设A和B是两个长为n的有序数组，现在需要将A和B合并成一个排好序的数组，请问任何以元素比较作为基本运算的归并算法最坏情况下至少要做( )次比较。
2014年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛(C类)试卷及答案2
2011 National English Contest for College students(Level C-Preliminary)Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversations will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause, read the question and the there choices marked A,B and C ,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.1.What does the man want to do?A.Get something to eat now.B.Find a quiet place that shows games.C.Watch the next game with the woman.2.Why does not the man have a MySpace account?A.He is not skilled at using computer.B.All of the instruction are in EnglishC.The woman won not teach him.3.How long does the woman plan to try teleworkingA.For a few days.B.For a few weeks.C.For a few months.4.What does the man hope will happen?A.The price of cell phone novels will go down.B.The novel’s author will writer longer stories.C.The woman will tell him ho the story ends.5.what is the woman going to do next?A.turn on her computer.B.Go for a walk with peter.C.Visit her new neighbors.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end each conversation, there will be a one minute pause. During the pause, read the questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. Conversation one6.What did Jack do over the summer?A.He studied very hard.B.He took a summer class.C.He visited one of his teachers.7.What does Jack think of Ms Wellington as a teacher?A.Easy-going.B.Tough.C.Interesting.8.Why is Ms Wellington’s class har d?A.Her exams are difficult.B.She does not give students the help they need.C.She makes do lots of work.Conversation two9.Why is Mrs. Griffin going to the city where the hotel is located?A.He is on holiday.B.He’s on a business tripC.He is going to a conference.10. How many times has Mrs. Griffin stayed at the Sunrise Hotel?A. Twice.B. Once.C. Three times.11. Where is Mrs. Griffin form?A. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Australia.12. What is Mrs. Griffin’s passport number?A.87647489B.87637289C.8763748913. What kind of room does Mrs. Griffin want?A. A single room for two nights.B. A double room for two nights.C. A single room for one night.14. When will Mrs. Griffin arrive at Sunrise Hotel?A. at 9:15 pmB. at 9:35 pmC. at 10:00 pm15. What food will b e put into Mrs. Griffin’s room?A. a sandwich with fries.B. a cheese sandwich.C. a burger with chips.Section C (5Marks)16. What does the Associated Press ask editor and news directors to do?A. vote for the top stories of the year.B. describe the oil spill in the Gulf of MexicoC. writes about the 11 workers killed in the explosion17. Where are the doctors and technology experts from?A. New York.B. LondonC. Tokyo18. For how long does President Obama agree to extend the tax cuts?A. for four yearsB. for three yearsC. for two years.19. How many people in the world don’t have enough to eat,according to the report?A. more than one billion.B. some six hundred million.C. nearly nine hundred million20. What have astronomers recently discovered?A. there are unknown plants in older galaxies.B. there are many galaxies in the universeC. there are a lot more red dwarf in older galaxiesSection D (10 marks)In the section, you will hear a short passage. There are 10 missing words phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Remember to write the answer on the answer sheetWhat do you do if you don’t get your first choice university? This ____ faces thousands of British every year. Many such_____ turn to Clearing, a service that helps find university places for students at the last moment. If they don’t have the marks to get into their____, Clearing tells them about places available at other university, though they might have to read a difficult subject.This year has seen a record number of people applying to university. This, combined with the _____________________,an uncertain job market, and budget cuts at university, product even more of a scramble for places than usual. Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining___________________________ placeThe British University Admissions Service, UCAS, says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants-almost 190000 people-have not been admitted intoa____________________________. That is an increase of over 46000 students from last year.Faced with these figure, some British students might consider an interesting alternative:_____________________________. The University of Nottingham for is offering place at its campuses in Ningbo, near Shanghai, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Students at these institutions can earn University of Nottingham degrees, according, engineering and English. Similarly, the University of Bolton says it has unlimited places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.To deal with t hese problems, the UK’s Higher Education Minister, David Willet’s, is encouraging students who have not made the grade to consider alternatives to university, such as_______________________and studying at home.“There are arrange of options available, “he says. “people can reapply next year, so they should consider spending this year in a way that will add positively to their CVs. Getting_____________________or other skills will strengthen their chances next year.” Some commentators say, though that rising university costs, poor long-term_______________________, and a drop in graduate recruitment mean this the worst time to be a university student in the UK.Part Two Vocabulary and Structure (15 marks )There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.31.After four days of talks, we are glad to announce that the union and management have reached an____A__. The agreement is fair and benefits both sides.A.accordB. accomplishmentC. identityD. undertaking32.As the clerk__B___prepared my milk shake, I wondered how long she had been working there ,mindlessly making ice cream treats in a set order of steps.A.logicallyB. methodicallyC. graphicallyD. synthetically33. As a boy he wanted to be a fireman. As a high school student, he thought he'd like to become a teacher. Now he___C___to be nothing more than a janitor.A.AssumesB. PrescribesC. AspiresD. Presumes34. Regardless of what caused it, I an grateful that have finally reached a point in mylife__B_____I can appreciate my strengths, accept my weaknesses and try to be comfortable with everything in between.A.WhyB. WhereC. WhichD. What35. _C_____information provided by members of the public, the police would have a much move difficult job.A.SupposingB. Provided theC. If it were not forD. On condition that36.Peter Brown was a painstaking writer;_D___, he once spent half a day on the composition of a single sentence.A.On the other handB. NeverthelessC. MoreoverD. For example37.----What an I going to do about a present for Carol?----You_C_____some flowers.A.Might have sent herB. Must have sent herC. Could send herD. Would send her38.Without the air holding in some of the sun's heat, the earth_B_____cold at night, too cold for us to live on.A.Will be freezingB. Would be freezingC. An be frozenD. Would be frozen39.The students in our university each__A____an English dictionary. That is to say, each of the students in our university______an English dictionary.A.Have; hasB. Have; haveC. Has; haveD. Has; has40.Here's your kitchen. I hope you enjoy cooking here. Is there__B____else that you need?A.SomethingB. AnythingC. NothingD. Everything41.David_____C_his business partner over plans to reduce the workforce.A.Came down toB. Broke down toC. Fell out withD. Went along with42.___A___is this piece of equipment to be removed from the building.A.On no accountB. AbsolutelyC. ScarcelyD. Not at all43.Helen' s parents were_C_____that she was still on the job., but she had resigned.A.In doubtB. Of the opinionC. Under the impressionD. With suspicion44.----I don't think I will ever, in my life, win a lottery of five million dollars.----Well, _____D. Anything can happen.A.You made itB. You're kiddingC. What you sayD. You can never tell45.-----How did you find the concert in the Grand Theatre last night?-----____B__ but the conductor was perfect.A.I couldn't agree moreB. I didn't think much of itC. I was crazy about itD. I really likedPart Three Cloze(15 marks )I have been reading a lot on my iPad recently, and I have some (46)____complaints_ (complain) not about the iPad itself but about the state of digital reading generally. Reading is a subtle thing,and its subtleties are artifacts of a venerable medium: words printed in ink on paper. Glass and pixels aren't the same.When I read a physical book, I don't have to look anywhere else to find out how much I've read. The iPad e---reader, iBooks tries to create the (47) illu___remain of a physical book. The pages seem to turn, and I can the edges of those that remain, but it's fake. There are always exactly six unturned pages, no matter (48)____where_ I am in the book.Also, there is a larger problem. Books in their digital format look vastly less "finished", or less genuine than real books. You can vary their font and type size, but this only makes them(49)___resemble_(resemble) word---processed---no matter how (50)wretched___(wretch) or wonderful they are---will never look as good as Robert Hass's poems in the print edition of The Apple Trees at Olema. But your poems can look almost exactly as ugly---as "e---book---like" ---as the Kindle version of that collection.All the e---book I've read have been ugly---books by Chang---rae Lee, Alvin Kernan, and Stieg Larsson---though the texts have been wonderful. I didn't grow up reading texts. I grew up reading books, and this(51)___difference__(differ) is important.When it comes to digital editions, the(52)_assumption____(assume) seems to be that all books(53)are___created_ _(create) equal. However, nothing could be further from the truth. In the mass migration from print to digital, we're seeing a profusion of digital books---many of them out of copyright---that look new and even "HD," but which may well have been supplanted by more accurate editions and better translations. We need a digital readers' guide---a place where readers can find(54)__out__ whether the book they're about to download is the best available edition.(55)Fi__nally___, two related problems. I already have a personal library, but most of the books I've read have come from(56)__lending___(lend) libraries. Barnes & Noble has released ane---reader that allows short---term (57) ____borrowing_(borrow) of some books. The entire idea behind Amazon's Kindle and Apple's iBooks assumes that you cannot read a book unless you own it first and that only you can read it unless you want to give your reading device to someone else. This goes against the social value of reading, the collective knowledge and(58)___collaborative__(collaborate) discourse that comes from access to (59)__shared_or our culture in general.Part Four Reading Comprehension (40 marks).Section A (10 marks ).Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Not keen on reading? Do you have trouble finding a novel that arouses your interest? Why not follow Ammon Shea's example and start reading a dictionary?Mr Shea owns over 1,000 dictionaries and he reads them for fun. He recently spent a year reading all 20 volumes of the Oxford English Dictionary. The dictionary contains more than20,000 pages and over 59 million words.As he read from A to Z, he noted down interesting words in a ledger. This includes words such as "happify," meaning to make someone happy and "tripudiate", which means to dance, skip or leap for joy. Mr Shea also kept a diary about this experience, which has since become abest---selling book.Why did he do this? He claims it was fun. "I've always enjoyed reading dictionaries . They are far more interesting than people give then credit for," he said.It appears that it was not his goal to sound more intelligent by using longer and more complex words. "I'm not against long, fancy or obscure words, but I'm opposed to using then for their own sake," he said.In fact ,as a result of reading so many new words , Mr Shea often forgot everyday vocabulary. He wrote, "My head was so full of words that I often had trouble forming simple sentences."Mr Shea is not alone in his love of reading dictionaries.Elaine Higgleton, a representative of Collins Cbuild dictionaries, explained that thousands of crossword puzzle and Srabble fans read dictionaries for fun and to improve their games. Ms Higgleton did however note that, "It's probably not the best way to learn English ,and you'd learn more than you need." It is not known how many of the 59 million words Ms Shea remembers, but he has certainly made history with his eccentric hobby.Questions 61 to 65.Decide whether the following statements are True or False.61.Mr Shea has read 1.000 dictionaries.F62.Mr Shea spent one month reading the Oxford English Dictionary.F63.In Mr Shea's opinion,people don't give dictionaries enough credit for being interesting.T64.Mr Shea thinks it is important t be able to use long and complicated words in everyday conversation.F65.Elaine Higgleton thinks that reading a dictionary is the best way to learn English.FSection B (10 marks)Questions 66 to 70are based on the following passage.Surfing is something people often get hooked on after trying it a few times. For many surfers it is much more than a hobby---they would probably agree with the American professional surfer Kelly Slater when he said,"Once you're in, you're in. There's no getting out.""Surfing", of course, refers to riding on ocean waves using a surfboard. Many surfers stand up on their boards, which requires god balance and is therefore difficult for most beginners to learn, but some lie down and "bodyboard"The history of surfing probably began with the Polynesian people of the Pacific Islands. One of the first white people to see anyone surfing was the British explorer Captain Gook, when his ship arrived in Hawaii in 1779. He watched many Hawaiians riding waves on large pieces of wood, and reported that, "Surfing seems to give them a feeling of great pleasure. "When surfing started to become very popular in the United States in the 1950's and 60s, surfers used large wooden boards (often more than three metres long) that were quite heavy. Boards today are shorter and also much lighter, because they are made of artificial materials instead of wood. For anyone who wants to try surfing. The only essentials are waves and a board. There are a few other things, however, that most surfers find important; a cord t attach one of their ankles to the board and therefore stop it from being carried a long way away when they fall off'; wax, which they put on the surface of the board to help their feet stick to it; and a wetsuit to help them keep warm in cold water. The south---west of English is an example of a place where surfers usually need wetsuits, even in summer.Surfing has been a professional sport for many yeara and the very best surfers are able to makea living from it. Most of the best professional surfers in the last 30 years, both men and women, have been American or Australian, but surfers from Brazil, Peru and South Africa have also won important competitions.Questions 66 to 70Answer the following questions with the information given in the assage in a maximum of 10 words for each question.66.Why do most beginners find it difficult t stand up on a surfboard?Because standing up on their boards requires god balance .67.In what part of the world did surfing probably begin?The Polynesian people of the Pacific Islands.68.When did surfing start to become very popular in the United States?In the 1950's and 60s69.What do surfers use wax for?To help their feet stick to the board70.According to the passage, in what part of the world do surfers usually need wetsuits?In the southwest of EnglandSection C (10 marks)Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.The latest human development report from the United Nations Development Programmed (UNDP) contains some good news, but also a very serious warning about the threat posed y climate change.The report, published annually since 1990, seeks to asses “human development” around the world, and calculates a “Human Development Index (HDI) for 169 counties. The HDI is based on average income, life expectancy and level of education in a country. Not surprisingly, rich counties tend to have higher HDIs than poor counties, but there are interesting variations in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others.According to the 2010 report, the county with the highest level of human development is Norway, followed by Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Ireland. Most of the lowestHDIs belong to counties in sub-Saharan Africa.Almost all counties around the worlds have higher HDIs now than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis, the total number of people living in extreme poverty has increased. The report concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are better educated and have access to more goods and services. Even in countries with severe economic problems, people’s level of health and education as generally improved. Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile in terms of human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is critical, however, of the fact economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries.The greatest threat to improving HDIs in the future, according to the report, is climate change. Economic growth increases average incomes in a country through increasing production and consumption. However , if this leads to greater emissions of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warning will probably accelerate, and cause severe environmental problem s in some parts of the world hat will threaten the livelihoods of huge numbers f people. The progress of the last twenty years, therefore, might not be sustainable.The only solution, according to the report, I to break the link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions-which, needless to say, is easier, said than done.Questions 71 to 75Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a maximum of 10 words for each blank.71. The concept of “human development” is based on the following three factors: _____ average income, ____ life expectancy _______and___ level of education72. Some countries with similar levels of economic development have quite different HDIs because they have_______ better health and education systems than others.______.73._______________ The financial crisis,__has caused the number of people living in extreme poverty to increase since 2008.74. The report says that _______ climate change______ is the greatest threat to increasing HDIs in the future.75. The report says the link between_____ economic growth _____ and ________ greenhouse gasemissions-____needs to be broken.Section D (10 marks)Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passageIt is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises: that they talk too much about certain problems-and that they have no sense o humor, at least parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they felt themselves when were young.Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes, hairstyles, entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted, so they create a culture and society and their own. Then, if it turns out that their music, entertainers, vocabulary, clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.Sometimes teenagers are resistant and proud because they do not want their parents to approve of what they do. If they did approve, it looks as if the teenager is betraying his own age group. All this is assuming that the teenager is the underdog: he can not win but at least he can keep his honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after years of childhood, when children were completely under their parent’s control, but it ignores the fact that when they become teenagers, children are beginning to be responsible for themselves.If you plan to control your life, co-operation should be a part of that plan. You can charm other people, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can also impress people with your of responsibility and your initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.Questions 76 to 78Choose the best answer according to the passage.76 the first paragraph is mainly about______A_______.A teenagers’ criticism of their parentsB misunderstanding between teenagers and their parentsC the dominance of parents over their childrenD teenagers’ ability to deal with crises77 teenagers have strange clothes and hairstyles because they____B_______A have a strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteB want to prove their existence by creating a culture of their ownC have no other way to enjoy themselvesD want to irritate their parent78 teenagers do not want their parents to approve of what they do because they_____D__________.A have already been accepted into adult worldB feel that they are superior to adult worldC want to win adults over to their cultureD don’t want to appear to be disloyal to their own age groupQuestion 79 to 80Translate the sentences in the passage into Chinese79 I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they felt themselves when were youn我认为父母经常低估他们十几岁的孩子，同时也忘记他们年轻时候的感受。
noip2014普云组初赛试题+答案
NOIP2014第二十届全国青少年信息学奥林匹克联赛初赛普及组 C++ 语言试题竞赛时间： 2014年10月11日14:30～16:30选手注意：1 、试题纸共有 5 页，答题纸共有2 页，满分 100 分。
请在答题纸上作答，写在试题纸上的一律无效。
2、不得使用任何电子设备（如计算器、手机、电子词典等）或查阅任何书籍资料。
一、单项选择题( 共 20 题，每题 1.5⒈以下哪个是面向对象的高级语言(A. 汇编语言B.C++C.Fortran⒉ 1TB 代表的字节数是() 。
分，共计) 。
D.Basic30 分；每题有且仅有一个正确选项)A.2 的 10⒊二进制数次方 B.200100100的和20 次方00010101C.2 的 30的和是 (次方 D.2 ) 。
的40次方A.00101000B.001010100C.01000101D.00111001⒋以下哪一种设备属于输出设备() 。
A. 扫描仪B. 键盘C. 鼠标D. 打印机⒌下列对操作系统功能的描述最为完整的是() 。
A. 负责外设与主机之间的信息交换B. 负责诊断机器的故障C. 控制和管理计算机系统的各种硬件和软件资源的使用D. 将没有程序编译成目标程序⒍ CPU 、存储器、 I/O设备是通过() 连接起来的。
A. 接口B. 总线C. 控制线D. 系统文件⒎断电后会丢失数据的存储器是() 。
A.RAMB.ROMC. 硬盘D. 光盘⒏以下哪一种是属于电子邮件收发的协议() 。
A.SMTPB.UDPC.P2PD.FTP⒐下列选项中不属于图像格式的是A.JPEG 格式B.TXT 格式(C.GIF) 。
格式 D.PNG格式⒑链表不具有的特点是() 。
A. 不必事物估计存储空间 C. 插入删除不需要移动元素B. 可随机访问任一元素D. 所需空间与线性表长度成正比⒒下列各无符号十进制整数中，能用八位二进制表示的数中最大的是() 。
A.296B.133C.256D.199⒓下列几个32 位IP地址中，书写错误的是() 。
NOIP2014提高组复赛试题day1day2
CCF全国信息学奥林匹克联赛（NOIP2014）复赛提高组 day11．生活大爆炸版石头剪刀布(rps.cpp/c/pas)【问题描述】石头剪刀布是常见的猜拳游戏：石头胜剪刀，剪刀胜布，布胜石头。
如果两个人出拳一样，则不分胜负。
在《生活大爆炸》第二季第8集中出现了一种石头剪刀布的升级版游戏。
升级版游戏在传统的石头剪刀布游戏的基础上，增加了两个新手势：斯波克：《星际迷航》主角之一。
蜥蜴人：《星际迷航》中的反面角色。
这五种手势的胜负关系如表一所示，表中列出的是甲对乙的游戏结果。
表一石头剪刀布升级版胜负关系乙剪刀石头布蜥蜴人斯波克甲对乙的甲结果剪刀平输赢赢输石头平输赢输布平输赢蜥蜴人平赢斯波克平现在，小A和小B尝试玩这种升级版的猜拳游戏。
已知他们的出拳都是有周期性规律的，但周期长度不一定相等。
例如：如果小A以“石头-布-石头-剪刀-蜥蜴人-斯波克”长度为6的周期出拳，那么他的出拳序列就是“石头-布-石头-剪刀-蜥蜴人-斯波克-石头-布-石头-剪刀-蜥蜴人-斯波克-……”，而如果小B以“剪刀-石头-布-斯波克-蜥蜴人”长度为5的周期出拳，那么他出拳的序列就是“剪刀-石头-布-斯波克-蜥蜴人-剪刀-石头-布-斯波克-蜥蜴人-……”已知小A和小B一共进行N次猜拳。
每一次赢的人得1分，输的得0分；平局两人都得0分。
现请你统计N次猜拳结束之后两人的得分。
【输入】输入文件名为rps.in。
第一行包含三个整数：N，NA，NB，分别表示共进行N次猜拳、小A出拳的周期长度，小B出拳的周期长度。
数与数之间以一个空格分隔。
第二行包含NA个整数，表示小A出拳的规律，第三行包含NB个整数，表示小B出拳的规律。
其中，0表示“剪刀”，1表示“石头”，2表示“布”，3表示“蜥蜴人”， 4表示“斯波克”。
数与数之间以一个空格分隔。
【输出】输出文件名为rps.out。
输出一行，包含两个整数，以一个空格分隔，分别表示小A、小B的得分。
【输入输出样例1】rps.in rps.out10 5 66 20 1 2 3 40 3 4 2 1 0【输入输出样例2】rps.in rps.out4 49 5 50 1 2 3 41 0 32 4【数据说明】对于100%的数据，0 < N ≤ 200，0 < NA ≤ 200， 0 < NB ≤ 200。
NOIP2014提高组复赛试题Day2
CCF全国信息学奥林匹克联赛（NOIP2014）复赛提高组 day2（请选手务必仔细阅读本页内容）二．ᨀ交源程序文件名三．编译命令（不包含任何优化开关）注意事项：1、文件名（程序名和输入输出文件名）必须使用英文小写。
2、C/C++中函数main()的返回值类型必须是int，程序正常结束时的返回值必须是0。
3、全国统一评测时采用的机器配置为：CPU AMD Athlon(tm) 64x2 Dual Core CPU 5200+，2.71GHz，内存2G，上述时限以此配置为准。
4、只ᨀ供Linux格式附加样例文件。
5、特别提醒：评测在当前最新公布的NOI Linux下进行，各语言的编译器版本以其为准。
1．无线网络发射器选址(wireless.cpp/c/pas)【问题描述】随着智能手机的日益普及，人们对无线网的需求日益增大。
某城市决定对城市内的公共场所覆盖无线网。
假设该城市的布局为由严格平行的129条东西向街道和129条南北向街道所形成的网格状，并且相邻的平行街道之间的距离都是恒定值1。
东西向街道从北到南依次编号为0,1,2…128,南北向街道从西到东依次编号为0,1,2…128。
东西向街道和南北向街道相交形成路口，规定编号为x的南北向街道和编号为y的东西向街道形成的路口的坐标是（x, y）。
在某些路口存在一定数量的公共场所。
由于政府财政问题，只能安装一个大型无线网络发射器。
该无线网络发射器的传播范围是一个以该点为中心，边长为2*d的正方形。
传播范围包括正方形边界。
例如下图是一个d = 1的无线网络发射器的覆盖范围示意图。
现在政府有关部门准备安装一个传播参数为d的无线网络发射器，希望你帮助他们在城市内找出合适的安装地点，使得覆盖的公共场所最多。
【输入】输入文件名为wireless.in。
第一行包含一个整数d，表示无线网络发射器的传播距离。
第二行包含一个整数n，表示有公共场所的路口数目。
接下来n行，每行给出三个整数x, y, k, 中间用一个空格隔开，分别代表路口的坐标(x, y)以及该路口公共场所的数量。
NOIP2014提高组第一试题解
NOIP2014提高组第一试题解【第一题】石头剪刀布rps【题目大意】a和b石头剪刀布游戏，每个人一共有五种方式，相互之间的胜负关系给出，a和b出拳的方式是循环的，赢者得一份，其余不得分。
问n轮以后a和b的得分。
纯粹的模拟题，把胜负关系打表或者case出来即可。
1.#include <iostream>2.#include <cstdio>3.#include <cstdlib>4.ing namespace std;6.const int win[5][5] = {7. 0,0,1,1,0,8. 1,0,0,1,0,9. 0,1,0,0,1,10. 0,0,1,0,1,11. 1,1,0,0,012. };13.int a[205], b[205];14.int main()15.{16. freopen("rps.in","r",stdin);17. freopen("rps.out","w",stdout);18.int n, na, nb;19. cin>>n>>na>>nb;20.for (int i = 0; i < na; ++i) cin>> a[i];21.for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) cin>> b[i];22.int i = 0, j = 0;23.int ascore = 0, bscore = 0;24.while (n) {25. ascore += win[a[i]][b[j]];26. bscore += win[b[j]][a[i]];27. i = (i + 1) % na;28. j = (j + 1) % nb;29. n --;30. }31. cout << ascore << " "<< bscore<<endl;32.return 0;33.}【第二题】联合权值link给出n个点，n-1条件的图，每个点均有点权值w[i]，如果i和j距离为2，那么他们会产生w[i] * w[j]的值，求问产生值中的最大值和产生值得总和。