the rhythm of peotry(for lecture)

More Syllables
• recommend • = re-com-MEND……. (2 unstressed + 1 stressed) • discomfort • = dis-COM-fort… (1 unstressed + 1 stressed + 1 unstressed) • Entertainment • = en-ter-TAIN-ment (2 unstressed + 1 stressed + 1 unstressed)
(2 unstressed + 1 stressed)
Number of feet per line
• • • • • •
Monometer Dimeter Trimeter Tetrameter Pentameter Hexameter
Meters & Feet
For example:
• Angel = AN-gel (not an-GEL) • Complete = com-PLETE (not COM-plete)
• Poem
More Syllables
• = PO-em…….(1 stressed + 1 unstressed) • Poetry • = PO-e-try…….(1 stressed + 2 unstressed) • relief • = re-LIEF……. (1 unstressed + 1 stressed)
Scansion
• (1) the act of scanning, or analyzing poetry in terms of its rhythmic components • (2) the graphic representation, indicated by marked accents, feet, etc., of the rhythm of a line or lines of verse
Lines containing iambic feet
• Behold / and watch / the sun / destroy / and grow (5 iambs)
• When I / do COUNT / the CLOCK / that TELLS / the TIME
[Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12] (5 iambs)
– repose (re-POSE POSE) – belief (be-LIEF LIEF) – complete (com-PLETE PLETE)
followed by
1
Trochaic Pattern
• 1 stressed syllable unstressed syllable
• EXAMPLES:
Spondaic Poem: 2 equal syllables
• Because of this nature of the spondee, a serious poem cannot be solely spondaic. spondaic • It would be almost impossible to construct a poem entirely of stressed syllables syllables. • Therefore, the spondee usually occurs within a poem having another dominant rhythm scheme.
Combinations of Poetic Feet
• • • • • • One foot per line: monometer Two feet per line : dimeter Three feet per line : trimeter Four feet per line : tetrameter Five feet per line : pentameter Six feet per line : hexameter
Trochaic poem: a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's “The Song of Hiawatha”
By the / shores of / Gitche / Gumee,Байду номын сангаасBy the / shining / Big-Sea /-Water, Stood the / wigwam / of No / komis, Daughter / of the / Moon, No / komis. Dark behind it rose the forest, Rose the black and gloomy pine-trees, Rose the firs with cones upon them; Bright before' it beat the water, Beat the clear and sunny water, Beat the shining Big-Sea-Water.
• Shall I / compare /thee to / a sum / mer's day?
[Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12] (5 iambs)
• Come live/ with me/ and be/ my love (4 iambs)
(poem by Christopher Marlowe)
Type + Number = Meter
• • • • • Types of Poetic Feet Iambic (1 unstressed + 1 stressed) Trochaic (1 stressed + 1 unstressed) Anapestic Dactylic (1 stressed + 2 unstressed) Spondaic (all syllables equal)
Dactylic poem:
1 stressed + 2 unstressed
Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson Half a league, / half a league, Half a league / onward, All in the / valley of / Death Rode the / six hundred. "Forward, the / Light Brigade! Charge for the / guns!" he said: Into the / valley of / Death Rode the / six hundred.
Five main patterns to poetic feet:
1. Iambic 2. Trochaic
Anapestic 4. Dactylic 5. Spondaic
3.
Iambic pattern
• 1 unstressed syllable stressed syllable
• EXAMPLES:
followed by
1
Dactylic pattern
• 1 stressed syllable followed by 2 unstressed syllables
• EXAMPLE:
– happiness (HAP-pi-ness) – galloping (GAL-lop-ing) – fortunate, Sat for Saturday, daf daffodil, mur murmuring, rhapsody rhap
Poetic Foot
• A poetic foot is a repeated sequence of rhythm comprised of two or more stressed and/or unstressed syllables.
• Poetic meter is comprised of poetic feet
Spondaic Pattern
• All syllables have equal stress • EXAMPLE:
– Heartbreak – “Out, out…” – "pen-knife," "ad hoc," "heartburn"
The Iambic foot
• The iamb = (1 unstressed syllable + 1 stressed syllable) is the most common poetic foot in English verse. • iambic foot examples:
The Rhythm of Poetry:
Syllable - Poetic feet - Meter
Syllables
• English words have clear syllables. • We can usually divide words into syllables easily. • We can also determine which syllables to emphasize, or “stress” in each word.
– You may have seen scansion marks like the following:
The curved lines are “unstressed” syllables while the straight slashes are “stressed”
Poetic Meter
– garland (GAR-land) – speaking (SPEAK-ing) – value (VAL-ue)
followed by
1
Anapestic pattern
• 2 unstressed syllables stressed syllable
• EXAMPLES:
– on the road – interrupt (in-ter-RUPT RUPT) – unabridged contradict engineer bridged, dict, eer, lee masquerade Galilee rade,
• Meters are the rhythms within poems. • Meters are the arrangement of stressed/unstressed syllables to stressed occur at apparently equal intervals. • Metered verse has prescribed rules as to the number and placement of syllables used per line.
Anapestic poetry:
2 unstressed syllables + 1 stressed one
Limericks contain anapestic meter (in blue)
A Limerick by Edward Lear: There was / an Old Man / with a beard, Who said, "It is just / as I feared! Two Owls / and a Hen, Four Larks / and a Wren, Have all / built their nests / in my beard!"
– behold – destroy – the sun (articles such as “the” would be considered unstressed syllables)
– and watch (conjunctions such as and would be considered unstressed syllables)