新理念5.0英语学习大厅综合教程第三册(Unit4)

综合教程部分
第一单元：
卷A
全新版第二版综合B3U4-A
Part I Listening Comprehension ( 14 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONL Y ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false.
1.
A) T
B) F
Script: In 1905, at the age of 26 and five years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of science — all written in his "spare time".
正确答案：B
2.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein proved that atoms and molecules existed.
正确答案：A
3.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein argued that light came in little bits (later called “photons”) and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics.
正确答案：A
4.
A) T
B) F
Script: Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton.
正确答案：A
5.
A) T
B) F
Script: The United Nations has declared 2008 “The World Year of Physics” to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s “miracle year”.
正确答案：B
6.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein’s brain looked quite different.
正确答案：B
7.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein is remembered not just as a scientific genius, but also from tales of his warm personality, simple tastes and somewhat eccentric habits.
正确答案：A
8.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein was slow in learning how to talk.
正确答案：A
9.
A) T
B) F
Script: By the age of 17, Einstein already had a predilection for solving complicated problems in applied arithmetic.
正确答案：B
10.
A) T
B) F
Script: An uncle, Jakob Einstein, an engineer, introduced Einstein to the joys of algebra.
正确答案：A
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Psychologists take opposing views on how external rewards, from warm praise to cold (11)_________________ , affect motivation and (12)_________________ . Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their (13)_________________ , argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (14)_________________ , who study various aspects of mental life, (15)_________________ that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on (16)_________________ and gifts from others. The (17)_________________ view has gained many supporters especially among educators. But the careful use of (18)_________________ sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. "If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating (19)_________________ for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle changing problems and receive (20)_________________ toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
Script: Psychologists take opposing views on how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.
Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. "If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle changing problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
正确答案：cash
正确答案：creativity
正确答案：consequences
正确答案：researchers
正确答案：maintain
正确答案：approval
正确答案：latter
正确答案：small monetary rewards
正确答案：too much anticipation
正确答案：performance-based points
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select
one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Albert Einstein was 21 . For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household 22 until dawn. When Albert finally 23 , it was time to get up and go to work. He couldn't 24 a day. He needed the job to support his young family. Walking 25 to the Patent Office, where he was a "Technical Expert, Third Class," Albert worried about his mother. She was getting older and 26 , and she didn't 27 his marriage to Mileva. Relations were 28 . Albert 29 a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it again. Work. Family. 30 . Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father.
A) exhausted B) disdain C) awake D) dozed off
E) skip F) briskly G) passionately H) frail
I) baffle J) approve of K) glanced at L) intuition
M) stimulate N) Making ends meet O) strained
21. ______________________
正确答案：A
22. ______________________
正确答案：C
23. ______________________
正确答案：D
24. ______________________
正确答案：E
25. ______________________
正确答案：F
26. ______________________
正确答案：H
27. ______________________
正确答案：J
28. ______________________
正确答案：O
29. ______________________
正确答案：K
30. ______________________
正确答案：N
Section B
Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human inter-living, long enough to set back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.
Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the 19th century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets on the issue of nuclear energy. "Give it back," say some of the voices, "It doesn't really work, we've tried it and it doesn't work. Go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man."
The principal discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance of nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, and matters of absolute certainty — Newtonian mechanics, for example — have slipped through our fingers; and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, and ambiguities. Some of the
laws of physics are amended every few years; some are canceled outright; some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.
Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear: the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today’s imagining.
It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.
31.
What CANNOT be inferred from the first paragraph?
A) Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.
B) For three hundred years there have been people holding a hostile attitude toward science.
C) Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously.
D) Some people think three hundred years is not long enough to set back for critical appraisal of scientific method.
正确答案：C
32.
The principal discovery in this century shows ________.
A) man has overthrown Newton's laws of physics
B) man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzles
C) man has lost many scientific discoveries
D) man has given up some of the once accepted theories
正确答案：D
33.
Now scientists have found in the past few years ________.
A) the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessary
B) the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machine
C) man knows nothing about DNA
D) man has much to learn about DNA
正确答案：D
34.
The writer's main purpose in writing the passage is to say that ________.
A) science is just at its beginning
B) science has greatly improved man's life
C) science has made profound progress
D) science has done too little to human beings
正确答案：A
35.
The writer's attitude towards science is ________.
A) critical
B) approving
C) neutral
D) regretful
正确答案：C
Passage Two
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person to one's side in the Philippines, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.
Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and language of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.
Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four language on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语的) guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.
When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives — usually the richer —who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.
For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.
But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even tough it may not always be the upper hand.
36.
It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ________.
A) stand still
B) jump aside
C) step forward
D) draw back
正确答案：D
37.
The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ________.
A) cultural self-centeredness
B) casual manners
C) indifference towards foreign visitors
D) arrogance towards other cultures
正确答案：A
38.
In countries other than their own most Americans ________.
A) are isolated by the local people
B) are not well informed due to the language barrier
C) tend to get along well with the natives
D) need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
正确答案：B
39.
According to the author, American's cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will _______.
A) affect their image in the new era
B) cut themselves off from the outside world
C) limit their role in world affairs
D) weaken the position of the US dollar
正确答案：C
40.
The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that _______.
A) it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends
B) it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C) it is necessary to use several languages in public places
D) it is time to get acquainted with other cultures
正确答案：D
Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 11 minutes )
Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
41.
People appreciate ___________ with him because he has a good sense of humor.
A) to work
B) to have worked
C) working
D) having worked
正确答案：C
42.
He gives people the impression ____________ all his life abroad.
A) of having spent
B) to have spent
C) of being spent
D) to spend
正确答案：A
43.
The student's writing shows plenty of __________.
A) insensitivity
B) insensibility
C) indifference
D) imagination
正确答案：D
44.
You will never know what a(n) __________ she was to all around her.
A) admiration
B) inspiration
C) calculation
D) innocence
正确答案：B
45.
He could __________ her face at will.
A) scatter
B) isolate
C) confuse
D) evoke
正确答案：D
46.
A small child has to learn to keep its ________ before he can walk far.
A) baggage
B) block
C) border
D) balance
正确答案：D
47.
It goes _________ that the old couple loved their country deeply.
A) beyond belief
B) beyond doubt
C) over doubt
D) over belief
正确答案：B
48.
He dressed too formally, which made him look a ________ out of place at the class union.
A) trifle
B) tiny
C) sort
D) few
正确答案：A
49.
The brainstorm in class _________ a free exchange of ideas.
A) constituted
B) stimulus
C) stimulated
D) startled
正确答案：C
50.
General Motors, ______ on increasing its market share for the second consecutive year, turned to a fire sale last month that lifted sales 36 percent and helped it accomplish its goal, according to figures released today.
A) confident
B) imposed
C) impacting
D) intent
正确答案：D
51.
When I finished grammar school I had to go to work because my mother could no longer feed and ______ me on her cooking job.
A) civilize
B) clothe
C) insure
D) exploit
正确答案：B
52.
______ almost any circumstances they are opposed to abortion for it weakens mothers.
A) For
B) In
C) On
D) Below
正确答案：B
53.
Although I'm forty, ______ my parents, I'm still a young person.
A) in connection with
B) in the eyes of
C) on account of
D) in the favor of
正确答案：B
54.
________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A) When compared
B) While comparing
C) Compare
D) Comparing
正确答案：A
55.
Before I ______ I would like to thank you all for attending this meeting.
A) curse
B) conclude
C) authorize
D) confirm
正确答案：B
56.
The Chinese people, for a long time subjected to aggression, oppression and humiliation by foreign powers, will never ______ these sufferings upon others.
A) haul
B) generate
C) inflict
D) compel
正确答案：C
57.
______ Einstein had early speech difficulties, he was a top student in elementary school.
A) A In spite of
B) Be it
C) Although
D) Despite
正确答案：C
58.
In criminal psychology, the absence of facial expression is as important as the ______ of it.
A) being
B) presence
C) existence
D) beauty
正确答案：B
59.
It would be considered very _______ for a man not to take his hat off in church.
A) irrelevant
B) irreverent
C) irresponsible
D) irreversible
正确答案：B
60.
_______ to be recognized by anybody, she attended party from the back door.
A) Wishing
B) Not to wish
C) Not wishing
D) No wishing
正确答案：C
Part IV Translation ( 10 minutes )
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
61. ____________________ (生于20世纪之初), Professor Ji Xianlin, good at 12 foreign languages, used to act as the vice-president of Beijing University before he died.
正确答案：Born at the turn of the 20th century
62. With the development of science and technology, the Shanghainese ____________________ (发现很难放慢越来越快的生活节奏).
正确答案：find it very hard to slow down the pace of life which is getting faster
63. ____________________ (根据他的外貌，我们可以有把握地得出结论) that he likes body building very much.
正确答案：From his appearance we can certainly come to the conclusion
64. Though the film is not very complicated, ____________________ (对于英语初学者来说仍然很难跟上故事情节).
正确答案：it is still difficult for English beginners to keep up with the plot
65. The manager is so arbitrary and self-centered that ____________________ (他常粗鲁地发表评论而不顾他人的感情).
正确答案：he often makes rude remarks regardless of other people's feelings
卷B
全新版第二版综合B3U4-B
Part I Listening Comprehension ( 11 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONL Y ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false.
1.
A) T
B) F
Script: In 1905, at the age of 26 and five years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of science — all written in his "spare time".
正确答案：B
2.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein proved that atoms and molecules existed.
正确答案：A
3.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein argued that light came in little bits (later called “photons”) and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics.
正确答案：A
4.
A) T
B) F
Script: Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton.
正确答案：A
5.
A) T
B) F
Script: The United Nations has declared 2008 “The World Year of Physics” to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s “miracle year”.
正确答案：B
6.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein’s brain looked quite different.
正确答案：B
7.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein is remembered not just as a scientific genius, but also from tales of his warm personality, simple tastes and somewhat eccentric habits.
正确答案：A
8.
A) T
B) F
Script: Einstein was slow in learning how to talk.
正确答案：A
9.
A) T
B) F
Script: By the age of 17, Einstein already had a predilection for solving complicated problems in applied arithmetic.
正确答案：B
10.
A) T
B) F
Script: An uncle, Jakob Einstein, an engineer, introduced Einstein to the joys of algebra.
正确答案：A
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
He had impressive powers of concentration. Einstein's sister, Maja,
(11)_________________ "... even when there was a lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa,
(12)_________________ a pen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on the backrest and
(13)_________________ in a problem so much that the background noise
(14)_________________ rather than (15)_________________ him."
Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishly more so than his
(16)_________________ . "I have no special talents," he claimed, "I am only passionately
(17)_________________ ." And again:"The contrast between the popular assessment of my powers ... and the reality is simply grotesque." Einstein (18)_________________ his discoveries to imagination and endless (19)_________________ more so than orthodox
(20)_________________ .
Script: He had impressive powers of concentration. Einstein's sister, Maja,recalled "... even when there was a lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa,pick up a pen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on the backrest and engross in a problem so much that the background noise stimulated rather than disturbed him."
Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishly more so than his peers. "I have no special talents," he claimed, "I am only passionately curious." And again: "The contrast between the popular assessment of my powers ... and the reality is simply grotesque." Einstein credited his discoveries to imagination and endless questioning more so than orthodox intelligence.
正确答案：recalled
正确答案：pick up
正确答案：engross
正确答案：stimulated
正确答案：disturbed
正确答案：peers
正确答案：curious
正确答案：credited
正确答案：questioning
正确答案：intelligence
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes )
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Although Einstein's five papers were published in a single year, he had been thinking about physics, deeply, since 21 . "Science was dinner-table conversation in the Einstein 22 ," explains Galison. Albert's father Hermann and uncle Jakob ran a German company making such things as dynamos, arc lamps, 23 and telephones. This was high-tech at the turn of the century, "like a Silicon V alley company would be today," notes Galison. "Albert's interest in science and technology came 24 ."
Einstein's parents sometimes took Albert to parties. No babysitter was required: Albert sat on the couch, totally 25 , quietly doing math problems while others danced around him. Pencil and paper were Albert's GameBoy!
He had 26 powers of concentration. Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled "... even when there was a lot of noise, he could 27 on the sofa, pick up a pen and paper, 28 balance an inkwell on the backrest and 29 himself in a problem so much that the background noise 30 rather than disturbed him."
A) engross B) mess C) household D) revolutionize
E) outbreak F) naturally G) beholden H) undermine
I) impressive J) lie down K) light bulbs L) precariously
M) absorbed N) childhood O) stimulated
21. ______________________
正确答案：N
22. ______________________
正确答案：C
23. ______________________
正确答案：K
24. ______________________
正确答案：F
25. ______________________
正确答案：M
26. ______________________
正确答案：I
27. ______________________
正确答案：J
28. ______________________
正确答案：L
29. ______________________
正确答案：A
30. ______________________
正确答案：O
Section B
Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
There are designer shirts, skirts, and jeans, and now there's a designer sport: wallyball. Wallyball is a version of volleyball played on a racquetball court. It is hardly an old folk recreation that modern-day enthusiasts revived. Rather, Joe Garcia designed the sport when the racquetball boom peaked around 1980. The game is suitable for teams of two to four persons. The owners of racquetball clubs and neighboring pubs appreciate this quality — instead of two people drinking beer after an hour on a racquetball court, wallyball provides up to eight.
But let us backtrack a moment. In the beginning, there was handball. People played it in firehouses and gyms. The problem with handball is that it is played with a hard little rubber ball that stings the hands, and it requires that people use both hands equally well, which few people do. Then someone discovered that a hollow rubber ball and a short, strung racket could be used on handball game. While racquetball is easy to play poorly, the game is difficult to master and play well. When the masses took to jogging and aerobics, the owners of racquetball clubs found they could no longer make a living on racquetball alone. Enter Joe Garcia and wallyball.
Wallyball seems a relatively trivial innovation. But its origins call our attention to the ever-changing, dynamic quality of life. We are led by a commonsense orientation to regard the world as stable. For practical purposes, most objects and events seem sufficiently durable to allow。