(完整版)昆明医科大学考博历年病理学试题(2009-2017)
昆明医科大学病理学2009--2019年考博真题
二、 问答题:(每题10分,共70分) 1.肝硬化时假小叶是如何形成的,假小叶有哪些形态特点? 2.按照肿瘤的命名原则,请列举发生于前臂的良恶性肿瘤各10个。 3.从病因、发病机制、病理变化、主要临床表现和影像学特点比较大叶性肺炎 与小叶性肺炎的不同点。 4.请举出5种导致锁骨上淋巴结肿大的疾病或病变,并简述肿大淋巴结的病变 特点。 5.尸体解剖发现死者双肾体积肿大,包膜紧张,颜色暗红,表面及切面散在出 血点,肾皮质增宽。镜下大多数肾小球体积增大,球囊内细胞数目显著增多, 肾小管腔内见蛋白、红细胞和白细胞。试分析: (1)该病例的病理诊断是什么?
第1页 共1页
昆明医科大学
2011年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:病理学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释:(每题3分,共30分) 1.Metaplasia 2.Granulation tissue 3.Paget disease 4.Infarct 5.Primary complex 6.Gumma 7.Piecemeal necrosis 8.Reed-Sternberg cell 9.Aschoff body
第1页 共1页
尸检:主动脉壁增厚,内膜可见灰黄色斑块,主动脉局部内膜分离,其间可见血 凝块,冠状动脉内膜增厚,狭窄。 问题1:该患者的死亡原因是什么? 2:叙述心血管病变形成的过程。
第1页 共1页
昆明医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
二,问答题(每题10分,共70分) 1,简述小叶性肺炎,肾盂肾炎,流行性脑脊膜炎的病变共性和不同点(病 因,发病年龄,感染途径和病变特点) . 2.病人出现血尿,请分析可导致血尿的疾病和病变特点(至少3种) . 3.试述良性高血压晚期脑,心脏和肾脏的主要病理改变及后果. 4. 病人的手指被刀切伤,深达肌层,试述伤口的愈合过程和影响伤口愈合 的因素. 5. 以肺癌为例,试述恶性肿瘤的扩散规律. 6.试述心衰细胞,枭眼细胞,伤寒细胞,镜影细胞和泡沫细胞见于何种疾 病或病变以及镜下形态特点. 7,患者,男,50岁,因呕血急诊入院.既往患乙型肝炎16年.查体见面部 和胸部有蜘蛛痣,腹壁静脉怒张,腹水征阳性.实验室检查: HBsAg(+),HBcAb(+),HBeAg(+),ALT 明显增高,AFP 明显增高.B 超检查有大 小不等的结节. 请分析: (1) 该病人患何疾病? (2) 该疾病的发生发展过程? (3) 请解释为何出现上述临床表现?
昆明医科大学考博历年病理学试题(2009-2017)
1、hyaline degeneration 概念及分型。
2、滋养层细胞疾病包括什么?他们之间有什么共同点,又有什么区别?3、A动脉粥样硬化和高血压病所致心、肾、脑病变有什么不同?B高血压病颗粒性固缩肾是怎么形成的?C 高血压病小动脉病变是什么?4、大叶性肺炎分哪几个自然分期,有什么并发症?5、肠阿米巴、肠伤寒、肠菌痢的区别?6、结核球是来自哪些病变,临床上怎么治疗,为什么?7、良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤的区别?8、流行性脑脊髓膜炎和乙脑的区别?9、胃癌种植转移于卵巢是什么诊断?胃癌转移途径有哪些?10、萎缩的概念及病理性萎缩类型?11、thrombus 概念及分型?12、坏死的基本病变?1 、简述下肢申报静脉血栓脱落后,栓子的运行途径和对机体造成影响(10 分)。
2、肉芽肿是由什么成分组成的?简述肉芽肿的作用、演变及瘢痕形成的过程(10 分)。
3、简述继发性肺结核各种类型互相转变的规律(10 分)。
4、简述肿瘤性增殖和非肿瘤性增殖的特点及二者的区别(8 分)。
5、何谓Abscess和Phlegmonous?二者的区别是什么(10分)。
6、简述粥样硬化动脉的发生发展过程(10分)。
7、简述凋亡细胞的形态学特点(6 分)。
8、男性患者,65 岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰10 年余,冬季加重。
近半年来感心悸、气急。
1周前发热,体温38C左右。
查体:颈静脉充盈,桶状胸,肺部可闻及湿性啰音,肝肿大,腹水,双下肢水肿。
X 线检查提示肺部散在小灶状阴影。
( 1 )患者患哪些疾病,请写出所患疾病名称( 5 分)。
(2)试述患者所患疾病直接的相互关系及发病机制(10分)。
9、请写出可导致呕血的疾病或病变,至少写出3种,并简述它们的疾病特点(10分)。
10、C rescent 是哪种疾病的特征性病变,并简述这种疾病的病理表现(5 分)。
11、何谓Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasm ?并简述其分级的主要依据( 6 分)。
2022年昆明医科大学临床医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷A
2022年昆明医科大学临床医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷A一、判断题1、宫颈息肉是一种肉芽肿性炎。
()2、类风湿关节炎是以滑膜渗出性炎为主要表现的器官特异性自身免疫病。
()3、臭氧化学性质高度稳定,容易与细胞膜表面的不饱和脂肪酸发生反应,导致炎性介质的释放,引起呼吸道的炎症。
()4、线粒体病患者受影响最明显的组织器官包括中枢神经系统、骨骼肌、心肌、肝和肾脏。
()5、凋亡和坏死均有生理性和病理性之分()6、菌血症患者血液中可查到细菌,机体无中毒症状。
”()7、早期胃癌指癌组织浸润仅限于黏膜层或黏膜下层,同时无淋巴结转移。
()8、B细胞淋巴瘤的病理学分类与B淋巴细胞的分化过程密切相关。
()9、子宫内膜增生、异型增生和子宫内膜癌是一连续的演变过程。
()10、脂性肾病是引起成人肾病综合征最常见的原因。
()11、缩窄性心包炎是由于心包腔内渗出物机化和瘢痕而形成。
()12、成人呼吸窘迫综合征起病急,预后差,病死率可高达5%以上。
()13、单纯性神经元萎缩是神经元慢性渐进性变性直至死亡的过程。
()14、单纯性甲状腺肿一般不作甲状腺功能亢进或功能低下。
()15、病灶中发现抗酸染色阳性的细菌即可诊断为结核病。
()二、选择题16、透明血栓的主要成分是()A.红细胞B.血小板小梁C.中性粒细胞D.纤维蛋白E.网状纤维17、白细胞渗出到损伤部位,包括如下过程()A.边集和滚动、黏附和游出、趋化作用B.边集和滚动、趋化作用、黏附和游C.趋化作用、边集和滚动、黏附和游出D.趋化作用、黏附和游出、边集和滚E.黏附和游出、边集和滚动、趋化作用18、产气英膜杆菌感染可引起()A.干性坏疸B.湿性坏疸C.气性坏疽D.脂肪坏死E.液化性坏死19、下列哪些细胞属于不稳定细胞()A.骨母细胞和平滑肌细胞B.表皮细胞和间皮细胞C.心肌细胞和神经细胞满D.肾小管上皮细胞和肝细胞E.唾液腺和涎腺的上皮细胞20、低分化的肿瘤特点是()A.异型性小B.预后好C.瘤细胞呈明显的巢状排列D.转移风险低E.恶性程度高21、下列哪一种物质中毒可引起周围神经系统病变,出现脱下垂或足下垂,还可刺激牙跟使近齿跟处的色素沉着()A.铅B.汞C.锅D.砷E.氟22、引起急性弥漫性增生性肾炎患者水肿的主要原因是()A.肾小管重吸收功能降低B.继发性醛固酮增多C.肾小球滤过率减少,毛细血管通透性增高D.低蛋白血症E.促红细胞生成素分泌减少30、引起急性弥漫性增生性肾炎患者水肿的主要原因是()A.肾小管重吸收功能降低B.继发性醛固酮增多C.肾小球滤过率减少,毛细血管通透性增高D.低蛋白血症E.促红细胞生成素分泌减少23、常出现砂粒体的甲状腺疾病是()A.胎儿型腺瘤B.慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎C.弥漫性非毒性甲状腺肿结节期D.髓样癌E.乳头状癌24、乳腺癌的癌前病变是()A.乳腺增生症B.纤维囊性乳腺病伴不典型增生C.硬化性腺病D.乳腺导管内乳头状瘤E.纤维腺瘤25、原发性胆汁性肝硬化是()A.自身免疫性疾病B.细菌感染引起C.结石造成的胆道阻塞引起D.慢性化脓性胆管炎E.中华分枝睾吸虫引起26、急性感染性心内膜炎最常见的病原体是()A.金黄色葡萄球菌B.肺炎球菌C.流感杆菌D.淋球菌E.草绿色链球菌27、家族性高胆固醇血症属于()A.血浆蛋白病B.受体蛋白病C.膜转运蛋白病D.运输性蛋白病E.蛋白质构象病28、患者,男,60岁,头疼、癫痫伴神经状态的改变,临床诊断为恶性神经系统肿瘤。
昆明医科大学病理学2019年考博真题考博试卷
医学考博真题试卷
昆明医科大学
第1页 共1页
2019 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:病理学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简答题(40 分) 1. 肺动脉血栓的后果 2. 慢性肝炎的分型 s 3. 滋养细胞病理改变 4. 伤寒病理改变 5. 三阴乳腺癌的病理改变 二、论述题(60 分) 1. 干细胞在细胞增殖和组织修复中的作用。 2. 血栓形成的因素和条件。 3. 肝硬化的病理和临床联系。 4. 非小细胞癌的分子学分型和临床价值。 5. 细胞芯片在病理诊断的应用前景。
2022年昆明医科大学临床医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷B
2022年昆明医科大学临床医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷B一、判断题1、急性炎症时局部疼痛,主要是炎症介质导致。
()2、同种异体骨髓移植的排斥反应由宿主的B细胞和NK细胞介导。
()3、细胞损伤中最早出现的改变常常是细胞水肿。
()4、唐氏综合征患者有明显的智力落后、特殊面容、生长发育障碍及多发畸形。
()5、间变型星形细胞肿瘤可出现假栅栏状排列。
()6、阿米巴性肝脓肿、细菌性肝脓肿都是化脓性炎。
()7、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)携带者肝脏中可见毛玻璃样肝细胞,但无明显肝损伤。
()8、髓系肉瘤与淋巴瘤的主要鉴别手段是过氧化氨酶的染色。
()9、原发性子宫颈腺癌预后较鳞状细胞癌好。
()10、成人呼吸窘迫综合征起病急,预后差,病死率可高达5%以上。
()11、室壁瘤是指心室壁发生的肿瘤。
()12、单纯性甲状腺肿一般不作甲状腺功能亢进或功能低下。
()13、过量的铅可在近齿跟处形成一种“铅线”。
()14、高血压、肾区肿块和血尿为肾癌具有诊断意义的三个典型症状。
()15、结核杆菌的致病性与其菌体细胞壁的结构成分密切相关。
()二、选择题16、心源性水肿的主要原因是()A.血浆胶体渗透压降低B.淋巴管阻塞C.毛细血管壁通透性增高D.组织液胶体渗透压增高E.毛细血管内流体静力压增高17、二尖瓣关闭不全可引起心脏何种形态的改变()A.球形心B.靴形心C.梨形心D.绒毛心E.虎斑心18、下述组织或器官的体积增大,仅是由肥大引起的()A.哺乳期的乳腺B.妊娠期的子宫小C.高血压时的心肌D.功能亢进的甲状腺E.一侧肾脏切除后的对侧肾脏19、下列哪种病变中一般不会出现肉芽组织()A.心肌梗死’B.脓肿璧C.血栓D.静脉石立E.肺结核空洞20、垂体性休儒症的特征是()A.常伴有促性腺激素、促甲状腺素等其他激素水平的异常B.腺垂体分泌生长素(GH)正常C.性器官发育正常D.患者智力正常E.常见病因是垂体无功能性肿瘤21、子宫内膜异位症较少累及的部位是()A.子宫阔韧带B.卵巢C.阴道D.子宫肌壁E.输卵管22、肺出血肾炎综合征(Goodpasture syndrome)主要病变是()A.肺出血合并肾小球肾炎B.肺出血合并肾盂肾炎C.肺出血合并间质性肾炎D.肺水肿合并肾小球肾炎E.肺水肿合并肾盂肾炎23、引起出血性炎的主要原因是()A.血管破裂B.血管壁损伤严重C.组织缺氧D.感染严重E.组织水肿24、下列哪项参与体内能量平衡调节()A.胰岛素B.胃促生长激素C.瘦素D.神经多肽YE.以上均参与25、在欧美国家,引起肝硬化的主要病因是()A.病毒性肝炎B.药物中毒C.灶性坏死D.碎片状坏死E.长期酗酒26、以下疾病中不易发生恶变的是()A.交界B.结肠多发性腺瘤C.隐睾D.萎缩性胃炎E.十二指肠溃疡27、下列不属于常染色体病的是()A.Down综合征B.18-三体综合征C.13-三体综合征D.5p-综合征E.先天性卵巢发育不全综合征28、患者男性,21岁,出现转移性右下腹部疼痛4小时,伴体温升高、呕吐等表现,最可能的诊断是()A.慢性胃溃疡B.慢性十二指肠溃疡C.大肠癌E.急性阑尾炎29、患者近年来劳累时,心前区经常疼痛,并向左肩部放射,因病情不缓解,住院治疗。
2018年和2019年昆明医科大学病理真题
2019年昆明医科大学
一、简答题。
(每题5分,共计25分。
)
1.简述肺动脉栓塞的后果。
2.简述慢性肝炎的scheuer评分。
3.简述滋养层细胞疾病的病理变化。
4.简述伤寒肠道的病理变化。
5.简述“三阴性”乳腺癌的特点。
二、问答题。
(每题15分,共计75分。
)
6.干细胞在细胞再生和组织修复中的作用。
7.血栓形成的条件和机制。
8.非小细胞肺癌的分子分型及临床意义。
9.肝硬化的临床病理联系。
10.生物芯片技术在病理诊断中的作用前景。
2018年昆明医科大学
2018年病理学试题
1、简述病毒性肝炎的基本病变
2、何谓Infarction?试述其类型及病变特点。
3、肺气肿发病机制与哪些因素有关,有是分为哪内种类型?
4、女,48岁,左侧颈部额个肿大淋巴结,考虑何种病变及疾病(三种),各病变特点。
5、心肌梗死的并发症及其病变特点。
6、宫颈癌的分类及其特点
7、骨折愈合的过程及病理特点
8、慢性纤维空洞性肺结核病变特点。
9、肾盂肾炎病理特点。
10、恶性肿瘤血道转移病理机制。
(完整版)病理学大题附答案
1、良性瘤与恶性肿瘤的区别良恶分化程度高、异型性小低,异型性大核分裂像无或少多,有病理性生长速度缓慢较快生长方式膨胀或外生性浸润或外生性继发改变少常出血,坏死,溃疡转移不可复发不或很少易影响小、局部压迫阻塞大、破坏性,浸润性出血,感染,恶病质3、癌与肉瘤的区别鉴别点肉瘤癌组织起源间叶组织上皮组织发病率较低较高,为肉瘤的9倍年龄多见于青少年多见于中老年(40岁↑)大体质软、湿润、粉红质硬、干燥、灰白色色,鱼肉状镜下主间质分界不清,主间质分界清楚,有癌巢血管丰富,网状纤维单个细胞间有包绕癌巢,细胞间常无免疫组化波形蛋白(+)角蛋白、EMA(+)转移方式多经血道转移多经淋巴道转移8、肉芽肿的分类、特点,及其与肉芽组织的区别。
肉芽肿的分类特点1.感染性肉芽肿由细菌、真菌、寄生虫、梅毒螺旋体等生物病原体感染引起的肉芽肿。
伤寒属肉芽肿性炎,但临床呈急性经过。
形成特殊的病理结构,具有诊断和鉴别诊断意义。
典型结构:类上皮细胞、多核巨细胞(朗汉斯巨细胞)、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞及坏死。
2.异物肉芽肿由缝线、粉尘、木屑等异物引起病变以异物为中性,周围有大量巨噬细胞、异物巨细胞、纤维母细胞及淋巴细胞等包绕形成结节病灶3.结节病肉芽肿结节病是一种病因不明的全身性疾病,可能与免疫功能障碍有关。
所形成的肉芽肿为非坏死性上皮样细胞肉芽肿,主要由类上皮细胞、多核巨细胞、淋巴细胞构成,无干酪样坏死。
肉芽肿:指单核吞噬细胞及其演化细胞增生并在局部聚集形成境界清楚的结节状病灶。
病灶较小(直径约0.5-2mm)。
肉芽组织:由新生的毛细血管、增生的纤维母细胞和各种炎细胞组成。
呈鲜红色,颗粒状,柔软形似鲜嫩的肉芽。
出现于纤维性修复。
由于组织损伤后,在组织细胞不能进行再生性修复的情况下,由损伤局部的间质新生出的肉芽组织溶解吸收异物并填补缺损,继而肉芽组织逐渐成熟,转变为瘢痕组织,使缺损得到修复。
11、肉芽组织形态特点、作用、结局由新生的毛细血管、增生的纤维母细胞和各种炎细胞组成,呈鲜红色,颗粒状,柔软形似鲜嫩的肉芽。
2022年昆明医科大学基础医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷A
2022年昆明医科大学基础医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷A一、判断题1、趋化因子可以是外源性的,也可以是内源性的。
()2、同种异体骨髓移植的排斥反应由宿主的B细胞和NK细胞介导。
()3、非放射性探针标记物有荧光素、地高辛和生物素等,具有稳定、操作简便、成本低、敏感性高和耗时短等优点。
()4、唐氏综合征患者有明显的智力落后、特殊面容、生长发育障碍及多发畸形。
()5、慢性肝淤血时,脂肪变首先发生在小叶中央区。
()6、炎症时,主动游出血管外的细胞有红细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞。
()7、血色素沉着病是由肝脏内大量出血或溶血引起的。
()8、淋巴结反应性增生是指淋巴结在各种损伤或刺激下引起淋巴细胞反应性增生,淋巴结结构破坏。
()9、子宫内膜异位症是指子宫内膜腺体出现于子宫内膜以外的部位。
()10、正规医院膀胱镜检查不会引发肾盂肾炎。
()11、急性感染性心内膜炎形成的赘生物主要由脓性渗出物、血栓、坏死组织和大量细菌菌落混合而成。
()12、肺泡性肺气肿又称阻塞性肺气肿。
()13、乙型脑炎病毒入血后能否进入中枢神经系统,取决于机体免疫反应和血-脑屏障功能状态。
()14、亚急性甲状腺炎疾病初期可出现甲状腺功能亢进,晚期可有甲状腺功能低下。
()15、结核结节中的朗汉斯巨细胞是由感染的上皮细胞融合而来。
()二、选择题16、符合慢性肝淤血病变特点的描述是()A.肝细胞大块坏死B.肝窦受压,呈贫血状态C.肝内含铁血黄素沉积D.肝内纤维条索形E.部分肝细胞脂肪变性,可伴有肝内纤维组织增生17、炎症引起的末梢血中白细胞的变化,不包括()A.计数增高B.核右移C.计数降低D.嗜酸性粒细胞增多E.淋巴细胞增多18、产气英膜杆菌感染可引起()A.干性坏疸B.湿性坏疸C.气性坏疽D.脂肪坏死E.液化性坏死19、肉芽组织形成过程中能够刺激成纤维细胞和毛细血管增生的细胞是()A.中性粒细胞B.嗜酸性粒细胞C.巨噬细胞D.肥大细胞E.浆细胞20、属于肿瘤抑制基因的是()A.c-KIT基因B.ras基因C.myc基因D.NF-1基因E.EGFR基因21、下列哪些疾病与吸烟密切相关()A.冠心病、肺癌、慢性气管炎B.肺癌、胃癌、肝癌C.喉癌、甲状腺癌、胰腺癌D.高血压、糖尿病、前列腺癌E.冠心病、糖尿病、肝癌22、慢性肾小球肾炎大体标本的特点是()A.双侧肾对称性缩小,表面弥漫性细颗粒B.双侧肾病变不对称,表面不规则凹陷性激痕C.肿胀充血,呈大红肾D.双侧肾肿胀对称,表面多个小脓肿E.肾盂显著扩张成囊腔,肾皮质变薄23、与纤维性甲状腺炎有关的是()A.病变仅限于甲状腺内,不向周围组织蔓延B.结核样肉芽肿形成C.形成淋巴滤泡D.显著的纤维化及玻璃样变性E.与外伤有关24、关于卵巢胚胎性癌的叙述,正确的是()A.为起源于原始生殖细胞的低度恶性肿瘤B.肿瘤细胞分化好,细胞小,核仁不显著,核分裂象少见C.含S-D小体D.发病年龄多在50岁以上E.可与其他生殖细胞肿瘤合并存在25、哪一项不是肝细胞肝癌的组织形态特点()A.猫细胞分泌胆汁B.癌细胞有角化珠和细胞间桥C.癌细胞血管多,似血窦D.癌细胞间质少,分化低者异型明显E.癌细胞排列成巢状,小梁状,腺管状26、恶性高血压病的主要特征性病理改变是()A.小动脉纤维素样坏死B.细小动脉玻璃样变C.肌型动脉中膜增厚D.肌型动脉内膜增厚E.中型动脉粥样硬化27、下列属于单基因遗传病的疾病是()A.糖尿病B.唇裂C.镰状细胞贫血D.精神病E.先天性心脏病28、患者,男.60岁,进行性记忆力下降、定向障碍,其脑组织的病变可能出现()A.Negri小体B.Lewy小体C.神经原纤维缠结D.鬼影细胞E.蛋白质营养不良29、患者男,40岁,长时间不规则低热.最近出现脾区疼痛.有轻度贫血。
病理学考试题库(带答案)
第一部分第一、二章细胞的损伤、适应与修复一、单选题(共132道)1.外科病理学应用最广泛的病理学研究方法是A.尸体剖验B.细胞培养和组织培养C.动物实验D.电镜E.活检2.易发生干性坏疽的器官是:A.肺B.阑尾C.膀胱D.四肢E.子宫3.脱落细胞学可用来检查A.痰液B.尿液C.胸腔积液D.乳房穿刺物E.以上均可4.细胞水肿和脂变常发生在A.肺、脾、肾B.心、脾、肺C.心、肝、肠D.肝、肾、脾E.心、肝、肾5.病理学被视为桥梁学科的原因是A.与基础医学关系密切B.与临床医学关系密切C.能为临床医学的学习打下坚实的基础D.能指导临床的治疗E.与A、B、C有关6.下列哪种组织再生能力最强:A.腺体B.骨骼肌C.神经细胞D.软骨E.平滑肌7.下列哪种不是病理学的研究范畴A.病因学B.发病机制C.疾病的治疗D.病理变化E.患病机体的功能、代谢变化8.关于动物实验,下列描述中哪项是错误的A.在适宜的动物身上可以复制某种疾病的模型B.动物实验的结果可以直接应用于人体C.可以了解疾病的病理发展过程D.可在一定程度上了解药物或其他因素对某种疾病的疗效和影响E.可利用动物研究疾病的病因、发病机制9.“静脉石”的形成是静脉内的血栓发生了A.机化B.钙化C.包裹D.脱落E.吸收10.下列哪种色素与细胞萎缩有关A.胆色素B.疟色素C.脂褐素D.黑色素E.含铁血黄素11.不属于细胞、组织的适应性变化的病变是A.萎缩B.发育不全C.肥大D.增生E.化生12.缺碘所致的甲状腺肿大属于:A.过再生性增生B.再生性增生C.甲状腺肥大D.内分泌障碍性增生E.甲状腺增生合并肥大13.组织发生坏死时,间质发生变化的情况应该是A.和实质细胞同时发生B.较实质细胞出现更早C.一般不发生改变D.在实质细胞病变之后发生E.只发生轻度变化14.“肥大”是指:A.实质细胞数目增多B.实质细胞体积增大C.组织、器官体积的增大D.是细胞、组织、器官体积的增大E.间质增生15.在坏死组织发生分离排出的过程中,下列哪项描述的内容不够合适A.有溶解现象出现B.有炎性过程参与C.可产生空洞D.不会形成包裹E.一定会形成溃疡16.结核球的形成是干酪样坏死物被A.机化B.钙化C.包裹D.排出E.吸收17.一般来说,当坏死灶较大不能溶解吸收或完全机化时,下列哪一项叙述较合适A.一定形成空洞B.最易分离排除C.不会形成溃疡D.大多产生包裹E.长期不发生变化18.在组织学上看到有细胞核固缩、碎裂、溶解时.说明:A.细胞正开始死亡B.细胞的功能还有可能恢复C.细胞的功能虽然可能恢复.但已极为困难D.细胞已经死亡了一段时间E.细胞浆可能还没有发生改变19.肉芽组织是由……组成:A.吞噬细胞和成纤维细胞B.新生毛细血管和成纤维细胞C.新生毛细血管和单核细胞D.单核细胞、巨细胞和淋巴细胞形成的结节E.以上都不是20.急性胃炎时,表浅胃黏膜坏死脱落可形成A.糜烂B.窦道C.瘘管D.空洞E.溃疡21.坏死对机体的影响与下列哪项无关A.坏死细胞的生理重要性B.坏死细胞的数量C.坏死细胞所在器官的再生能力D.发生坏死器官的贮备代偿能力E.坏死灶有无形成脓肿22.下述哪项不是心脏萎缩的肉眼特点A.体积小B.呈褐色C.心肌质地硬韧D.心脏表面血管弯曲E.心脏表面血管增粗23.下列哪项不属于萎缩A.老年女性的子宫B.老年男性的睾丸C.青春期以后的胸腺D.呆小症E.脊髓灰质炎患儿的下肢瘦小24.脑萎缩的大体特征是A.脑沟加深,脑回变窄B.脑沟加深,脑回增宽C.脑沟变窄,脑回增宽D.脑沟变窄,脑回变窄E.脑沟变浅,脑回变窄25.老年人产生萎缩的器官主要是( )A.心、肾B.脑、心C.肝、肺D.心、肺E.肾、脑26.下列哪种情况常可引起脑萎缩A.脑动脉粥样硬化B.脑膜炎C.脑脓肿D.脑梗死E.颅内压升高27.含铁血黄素是在下列哪种细胞内形成的A.多核巨细胞B.单核巨噬细胞C.嗜酸粒细胞D.中性粒细胞E.红细胞28.确诊淀粉样变常用的染色法是A.刚果红染色B.苏丹Ⅲ染色C.普鲁士蓝染色D.PAS染色E.HE染色29.一种成熟的组织变成另一种成熟组织的过程称为:A.机化B.钙化C.分化D.化生E.适应30.关于结核病引起的干酪样坏死,下列哪一项是错误的A.坏死灶呈淡黄色,均匀细腻B.镜下,坏死彻底,呈无结构的颗粒状物质C.容易钙化D.容易液化,容易吸收E.坏死中心结核菌少31.下列哪种疾病不可能发生纤维结缔组织玻璃样变A.结核性纤维素性胸膜炎B.硅肺C.慢性表浅性胃炎D.肝硬化E.心肌梗死32.引起细胞脂肪变性的主要原因不包括A.贫血B.严重挤压C.感染D.中毒E.缺氧33.四肢骨折石膏固定后引起的骨骼肌萎缩.主要属于:A.神经性萎缩B.废用性萎缩C.压迫性萎缩D.营养不良性萎缩E.生理性萎缩34.形成两端开放的通道性坏死的缺损称A.糜烂B.窦道C.瘘管D.空洞E.溃疡35.下述哪种肿瘤的发生可与化生有关A.皮肤鳞状细胞癌B.肾盂移行细胞癌C.肠黏液腺癌D.肝胆管上皮癌E.肠型胃癌36.化生不可能发生于A.纤维结缔组织B.神经纤维组织C.胃黏膜上皮D.胆囊黏膜上皮E.鼻腔黏膜上皮37.下列组织或器官若发生增生,哪种有可能不受激素作用A.唾液腺B.甲状腺C.肾上腺D.前列腺E.垂体38.关于肥大,下列描述中哪项不正确A.肥大可伴化生B.妊娠子宫增大为肥大伴增生C.组织和器官的肥大其功能增强D.心脏肥大是由于细胞增生引起的E.肥大器官超过其代偿能力常导致失代偿39.液化性坏死主要发生于:A.肺B.肾C.脑D.心E.肝40.细胞缺氧时最常见的病理变化是A.线粒体肿胀B.内质网破裂C.核糖体脱落D.脂褐素增多E.溶酶体增多41.恶性肿瘤晚期患者,常引起A.全身性萎缩B.局部性萎缩C.废用性萎缩D.内分泌性萎缩E.压迫性萎缩42.组织中沉积的钙盐在HE染色时,下列哪项描述是正确的A.红色颗粒状B.黑褐色颗粒状C.蓝色粗颗粒状D.粉红色颗粒状E.黄褐色颗粒状43.光镜下判断细胞是否坏死,主要观察A.染色质形态的改变B.核仁形态的改变C.细胞质形态的改变D.细胞核形态的改变E.细胞形态的改变44.细胞水肿发生的机理是A.内质网受损B.线粒体受损C.高尔基氏器受损D.核糖体受损E.中心体受损45.细胞坏死时,具有标志性的改变是A.核溶解、胞质浓缩和胞膜破裂B.核碎裂、核膜破裂和核质浓缩C.核溶解、核质少和胞膜破裂D.核固缩、胞质浓缩和细胞膜皱缩E.核固缩、核碎裂和核溶解46.子宫内膜增生症属于A.生理性增生B.代偿性增生C.内分泌性增生D.不典型增生E.肿瘤性增生47.按组织再生能力的强弱来比较.下列各组的排列哪个是正确的A.结缔组织>神经细胞>肝细胞B.软骨>腱>肾小球C.骨>平滑肌>神经细胞D.鳞状上皮细胞>横纹肌>周围神经纤维E.肾小管上皮细胞>骨髓细胞>脂肪细胞48.细胞萎缩在电镜下最显著的特点是:A.肌丝增多B.线粒体增多C.滑面内质网增多D.粗面内质网增多E.自噬泡增多49.肝细胞一般不发生A.脂肪变B.细胞水肿C.玻璃样变D.黏液样变性E.糖原蓄积50.关于脂肪变,下列哪一种说法不正确A.长期摄入脂肪过多可致心肌细胞脂肪变B.严重贫血可致心肌细胞脂肪变C.慢性肝淤血可致肝细胞脂肪变D.酒精中毒可致肝细胞脂肪变E.严重贫血可致肾小管上皮细胞脂肪变51.组织损伤后由结缔组织增生来修补的过程称:A.再生B.增生C.化生D.机化E.不完全再生52.严重的细胞水肿可导致下列哪种改变A.纤维素样坏死B.凝固性坏死C.溶解性坏死D.凋亡E.干酪样坏死53.细胞水肿,电镜下的形态改变主要特点是A.线粒体嵴增多B.线粒体及内质网肿胀C.高尔基器多D.微绒毛增多E.溶酶体增大,增多54.最易遭受化学毒性代谢产物损伤的器官是A.心B.肝C.脾D.肺E.肾55.下列哪一种细胞器对缺氧最敏感A.线粒体B.溶酶体C.光面内质网D.高尔基器E.粗面内质网56.下列组织对缺氧的耐受性依次为A.脑>肝>肾B.肾>肝>脑C.肝>脑>肾D.肝>肾>脑E.肾>脑>肝57.病毒性肝炎时,肝细胞最易发生A.脂肪变B.玻璃样变C.细胞水肿及气球样变D.淀粉样变性E.黏液样变性58.发生液化性坏死基本条件应包括A.含有较多的可凝固蛋白B.组织淤血较严重C.组织比较松软D.产生蛋白酶较多E.有腐败菌感染59.细胞坏死过程中,胞核变小,染色质浓集,称为A.多倍体B.核分裂象C.核固缩D.核碎裂E.核溶解60.可以发生坏疽的器官是A.肝B.肾C.胰D.阑尾E.脾61.下列病变中不能根据肉眼所见确定坏死性质的是A.凝固性坏死B.纤维素样坏死C.脂肪坏死D.坏疽E.液化性坏死62.凝固性坏死的特殊类型有A.坏疽与纤维蛋白样坏死B.坏疽与脂肪坏死C.干酪样坏死与坏疽D.纤维蛋白样坏死与干酪样坏死E.脂肪坏死与干酪样坏死63.液化性坏死好发生于下列哪种器官A.脑B.心C.肝D.脾E.肺64.脊髓的坏死属于A.凝固性坏死B.干酪样坏死C.液化性坏死D.纤维素样坏死E.脂肪坏死65.常发生机化的病灶,下列哪项除外A.风湿性小体B.心肌梗死C.脑梗D.肠上皮细胞化生E.干酪样坏死66.纤维素样坏死物质不见于下列哪种病变A.风湿病B.良性高血压C.系统性红斑狼疮D.类风湿性关节炎E.恶性高血压67.急进型高血压时,细动脉壁内有细丝、颗粒状或凝集成片块状的嗜酸物质,其改变可能是A.玻璃样变B.淀粉样变C.黏液样变性D.纤维素样坏死E.干酪样坏死68.关于凋亡叙述,下列哪项是错误的A.凋亡的发生与基因调节有关B.活体内单个细胞或小团细胞的死亡C.又称程序性细胞死亡D.细胞质膜破裂,核也碎裂E.不引起急性炎症反应69.细胞缺氧.细胞膜受损.细胞内出现:A.钠多,钾多,水多B.钠少,钾多,水少C.钠多,钾少,水多D.钠多,钾少,水少E.钠少,钾多,水多70.电镜下细胞凋亡的特征性改变是A.细胞皱缩B.胞浆致密C.染色质边集D.核碎裂E.凋亡小体形成71.酶解性脂肪坏死时,若有大量脂肪酸的形成,常继发A.空洞形成B.窦道形成C.钙皂形成D.瘘管形成E.溃疡形成72.凝固性坏死总体形态特点是A.呈灰黑色B.组织干酪样C.界限不清D.易并发感染E.原有组织结构、轮廓保存73.肾结核时,坏死组织经自然管道排出后可形成A.糜烂B.窦道C.瘘管D.空洞E.溃疡74.下列哪一种变化属于坏死的病理改变A.细胞体积肿大,胞浆内有红染颗粒B.细胞体积缩小,胞浆内有脂褐素颗粒C.细胞核膜破裂,染色质崩解为小碎片D.细胞核增大,细胞核的DNA含量增加E.细胞体积正常或稍大,出现双核75.细胞坏死的改变是自溶性改变,其发生与下列哪种细胞器有关A.线粒体B.溶酶体C.粗面内质网D.高尔基器E.光面内质网76.血液中淀粉酶大幅度升高,可考虑为A.肝细胞坏死B.脑液化性坏死C.胰腺坏死D.心肌梗死E.肾梗死77.区别死后组织自溶与坏死,最可靠的根据是A.组织轮廓是否存在B.细胞内琥珀酸脱氢酶丧失程度C.电镜下细胞器破坏情况D.细胞核溶解消失情况E.病变周围有无炎症反应78.凝固性坏死的组织学特点是A.红染无结构物质B.可见核碎片C.尚保留细胞、组织轮廓残影D.间质胶原纤维崩裂E.基质解聚79.干酪样坏死好发于下列哪种疾病A.风湿病B.伤寒C.结核D.麻风E.梅毒80.干酪样坏死应属于A.纤维素样坏死B.彻底的凝固性坏死C.坏疽D.液化性坏死E.脂肪坏死81.下列哪项是发生干性坏疽的条件A.发生于肺或子宫等内脏B.有明显的腐败菌感染C.全身中毒症状严重D.病变部分较干燥,腐败菌感染较轻E.病灶内坏死组织分界,产生大量气体82.关于湿性坏疽的描述,下列哪项是不正确的A.常继发于肠、子宫及肺等内脏器官的坏死B.坏死组织与周围组织边界不清C.常有恶臭味D.若发于肢体末端只有动脉的阻塞E.全身中毒症状明显83.不属于凝固性坏死的病变是A.脑梗B.心肌梗死C.肾梗死D.干酪样坏死E.脾贫血性梗死84.气性坏疽是湿性坏疽的一种特殊形式,主要是合并了( )的感染。
(整理)全国博士考试病生真题.
2009年全国医学博士入学考试专业基础(病理生理学)一、选择题(1分X40)A型30道,B型5道,X型5道二、简答题(5分X4)1、左心衰竭出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难的机制。
2、ARDS出现I型呼吸衰竭的机制。
3、肾性贫血的机制。
4、产科意外导致DIC的机制。
三、论述题(10分X4)1、一位流感病人体温39.7C,试述其发热的基本机制。
2、缺氧的类型以及各型的血氧指标的变化。
3、病例分析题,考水、电解质、酸解平衡紊乱的。
4、假神经递质在肝性脑病发病中的作用。
09病生1. 恶性肿瘤发生过程中有哪些细胞调控障碍?原因?2. 细胞信号转导异常的环节有哪些?3. 低钾血症对机体的影响?4. 自由基在缺血-再灌损伤中的作用?5. 血液性缺氧的原因及血气变化?6. 何谓抑癌基因?举例说明其失活机制。
7. 肝功能异常时血氨升高的原因?8. 原发性高血压中有哪些离子转运障碍?有什么结果?9. DIC引起休克的机制?10. 患者车祸后,表情淡漠,面色青灰,血压70/50mmHg,脉快,补液后尿量≤30ml/24h。
该患者处于哪一时期?发生机理?08病生1.哪些因素可以引起细胞信号转导异常?2.何谓水中毒?产生机制与对机体的影响?3.呼酸的发生原因基对机体的影响?4.低张性缺氧的原因血氧变化特点?5.DIC的主要临床表现?产生机制?6.钙超载在心肌缺血-再灌损伤中的作用?7.主要细胞癌基因的致癌机制?8.心衰使兴奋-收缩偶偶联障碍机制?9.女,65岁,支气管哮喘15年,近来呼吸困难加重,且出现嗜睡等表现,血气PaCO2 75mmHg ,PaO2 50mmHg。
试述患者发生上述临床表现的机制?10.男,22岁,因胆囊炎滴注庆大霉素4周后出现少尿,恶心,呕吐等症状,PH7.25 BE-15mm ol/l PaCO2 28mmHg, SB 18 mmHg, K 6.8 mmol/l ,BUN 25.8 mmol/l.试述该患者有哪些病理生理过程,是怎样发生的?南方医科大学2005年病理生理学(博士)一、简答题:4题×5分_1.简述gaba在肝性脑病中的作用2.为什么部分肺泡通气/血流比例下降只导致低氧血症,而不会导致paco2升高?:3.简述dic时出血的机制TY M6P"_Ep4.肾性高血压的发病机制二、论述题:1.一患者,血压波动于160/100近十年,近期发生左心衰竭,,请分析其发病机制(15分)2.试述休克i 期微循环变化的特点、机制和代偿意义(10分)3.一肺心病患者,入院呈昏睡状态,查:ph 7.26,paco2 65.5, hco3-30,cl-92, na+145,试分析患者为何种酸碱失衡及电解质紊乱?根据是什么?并分析期昏睡的机制?(15分)2009年病理生理题目:简答题:1.肾性贫血发病机制2.产科意外导致DIC机制3.阵发性夜间呼吸困难的发病机制4.ARDS发生1型呼吸衰竭的机制问答题:1.感染发热的机制2.缺氧的类型以及血液氧指标的变化3.病例分析(酮症酸中毒),写出该病例的水、电介质、酸碱平衡混乱的类型及机制4.假性神经递质在肝性脑病发病中的作用2009年中山大学博士入学考试病理生理学专业基础真题!一、名词解释(5分一个)1、paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea2、SIRS3、stress disease4、renal tubular acidosis二简答题(20分一个)1、DIC引起出血的发病机制。
(完整版)病理学考试题库(带答案)
(完整版)病理学考试题库(带答案)第一部分第一、二章细胞的损伤、适应与修复一、单选题(共132道)1.外科病理学应用最广泛的病理学研究方法是A.尸体剖验B.细胞培养和组织培养C.动物实验D.电镜E.活检2.易发生干性坏疽的器官是:A.肺B.阑尾C.膀胱D.四肢E.子宫3.脱落细胞学可用来检查A.痰液B.尿液C.胸腔积液D.乳房穿刺物E.以上均可4.细胞水肿和脂变常发生在A.肺、脾、肾B.心、脾、肺C.心、肝、肠D.肝、肾、脾E.心、肝、肾5。
病理学被视为桥梁学科的原因是A.与基础医学关系密切B.与临床医学关系密切C.能为临床医学的学习打下坚实的基础D.能指导临床的治疗E.与A、B、C有关6.下列哪种组织再生能力最强:A.腺体B.骨骼肌C.神经细胞D.软骨E.平滑肌7。
下列哪种不是病理学的研究范畴A.病因学B.发病机制C.疾病的治疗D.病理变化E.患病机体的功能、代谢变化8。
关于动物实验,下列描述中哪项是错误的A.在适宜的动物身上可以复制某种疾病的模型B.动物实验的结果可以直接应用于人体C.可以了解疾病的病理发展过程D.可在一定程度上了解药物或其他因素对某种疾病的疗效和影响E.可利用动物研究疾病的病因、发病机制9。
“静脉石”的形成是静脉内的血栓发生了A.机化B.钙化C.包裹D.脱落E.吸收10。
下列哪种色素与细胞萎缩有关A.胆色素B.疟色素C.脂褐素D.黑色素E.含铁血黄素11。
不属于细胞、组织的适应性变化的病变是A.萎缩B.发育不全C.肥大D.增生E.化生12.缺碘所致的甲状腺肿大属于:A.过再生性增生B.再生性增生C.甲状腺肥大D.内分泌障碍性增生E.甲状腺增生合并肥大13。
组织发生坏死时,间质发生变化的情况应该是A.和实质细胞同时发生B.较实质细胞出现更早C.一般不发生改变D.在实质细胞病变之后发生E.只发生轻度变化14.“肥大"是指:A.实质细胞数目增多B.实质细胞体积增大C.组织、器官体积的增大D.是细胞、组织、器官体积的增大E.间质增生15.在坏死组织发生分离排出的过程中,下列哪项描述的内容不够合适A.有溶解现象出现B.有炎性过程参与C.可产生空洞D.不会形成包裹E.一定会形成溃疡16.结核球的形成是干酪样坏死物被A.机化B.钙化C.包裹D.排出E.吸收17。
考博病理试题
考博病理试题1、癌发生的二阶段学说2、基因突变的方式与原癌基因活化3、P53基因生物学特性与意义4、信号传导通路的组成5、调亡的特点及生物学意义6、肿瘤多步骤转移基本过程7、基因突变形式几检测方法8、化疗药物多药耐药性发生机制9、基因治疗策略10、肿瘤细胞信号传导有哪些基本组成要素一、假性动脉瘤细胞水肿内胚瘤Barret食管副肿瘤综合症wilms瘤巧克力囊肿二、1、血栓的类型2、肝脏、肺脏肿瘤为何多血行转移3、绒毛心的发生机制与结局4、免疫组化原理及意义5、原发性肺结核及转移6、外科手术标本送冰冻的时机三、1、肾的凝固性和干落样坏死2、肉芽组织形态、作用和结局3、心梗、左心室多发性附壁血栓的机制与结局4、肾上腺肿瘤有那些类型5、良恶性肿瘤镜下表现的异同、举例说明良恶性肿瘤为何无明显界限一.名词解释1.水泡状胎块2.虎斑心3.Aschoff body 4.原癌基因5.慢性肺源性心脏病6.液化性坏死7.Carcinoma in situ 8.羊水栓塞9.肺肉质变10.噬神经细胞二.问答题1.何谓化脓性炎?可分为哪些类型?并举例说明各型病变有何特征? 2.试述结核病基本病理变化的转化规律. 3.以皮肤手术切口为例试述创伤愈合的基本过程. 4.试述良,恶性肿瘤对集体的影响及其原因. 5.试述良性高血压时心,肾,脑的病理变化及临床的主要表现.名词:Berger病Herceptin Barret食管蛋白质组学假幽门增生附壁血栓部分葡萄胎凹泡细胞心衰细胞Virchow淋巴结问答:假结核肠炎概念,举3例说明假膜肠炎定义,举2例细胞癌基因病毒癌基因原癌基因概念及相互关系前列腺上皮内瘤样增生前列腺癌相互关系甲状腺滤泡样癌乳头状癌生物学行为区别论述大叶性肺炎小叶性肺炎间质性肺炎SARs肺病理变化不典型增生异样增生概念相互关系及区别肝炎坏死病理特点及类型.名词解释(每题1.5分,共30分,英文名词先翻译再解释)1 Autopsy 2 Gangrene 3 Granulation 4 Pseudomembrane 5 Arteriolosclerosis 6 Dysplasia 7 Krukenberg tumor 8 AIDS 9 Crohn`s病10 类风湿性关节炎11 甲状腺髓样癌12 滤泡性淋巴瘤13 蜂窝组织炎14 快速进行性肾小球肾炎15 结节病二.简答题(每题6分,共30分)1 成人呼吸窘迫综合征的概念,发病机制要点和肺病变要点 2 细菌感染血行播散时有可能引发的四种后果 3 动脉粥样硬化:(1)继发病变;(2)主要受累部位及其后果。
病理学习题集(昆明医科大学)
目录第一章细胞组织的适应、损伤与修复...................................... 2第二章局部血液循环障碍.......................................................... 7第三章炎症................................................................................. 10第四章肿瘤................................................................................. 17第五章心血管系统疾病............................................................ 28第六章呼吸系统疾病................................................................. 32第七章消化系统疾病................................................................. 37第八章泌尿系统疾病................................................................. 45第九章女性生殖系统疾病........................................................ 55第十一章传染病......................................................................... 59第十二章寄生虫病..................................................................... 64 第一章细胞组织的适应、损伤与修复一、选择题A 型题一、全身性萎缩主若是指:A、神经性萎缩B、血管长期受压引发的萎缩C、机体长期不活动引发的萎缩D、营养不良性萎缩E、废用性萎缩二、发育正常的器官体积缩小称为:A、发育不良B、再生不良C、化生D、萎缩E、器官缺失畸形3、在慢性消耗性疾病时,第一发生萎缩的器官或组织是:A、肌肉B、肝C、肾D、脂肪E、脑4、一种成熟组织为另外一种成熟组织取代的进程称为:A、发育异样B、非典型增生C、化生D、发育不良E、再生不良五、支气管粘膜上皮显现鳞状上皮化生,应属于以下哪一种性质的病变:A、分化不良B、异型性增生C、修复性增生D、癌前病变E、适应性改变六、血管壁的玻璃样变性最多见于:A、各类动脉B、大动脉C、中等动脉D、小动脉E、细动脉7、脂肪变性是指:A、脂肪细胞内显现更多的脂滴B、间质内显现了脂肪细胞C、非脂肪内显现脂滴D、脂肪坏死E、以上都不是八、关于坏死组织本身的结局,以下哪一项为哪一项错误的?A、溶解吸收B、分离排出C、机化D、化生D、包裹钙化九、判定光镜下组织或细胞是不是坏死的要紧标志是:A、胞浆的改变B、胞核的改变C、细胞间质的改变D、细胞膜的改变E、细胞器的改变10、易于发生干性坏疽的器官是:A、肺B、四肢C、阑尾D、肠道E、子宫1一、虎斑心是由于__________形成的。
昆医试题
循环系统急症(急性心力衰竭、急性冠状动脉综合征、严重心律失常、高血压危象、主动脉夹层动脉瘤)名词解释:1.急性心力衰竭-心脏在短期内发生心肌收缩力明显降低和(或)心室负荷突然增加,导致心排血量急剧下降,体循环或肺循环急性淤血和组织灌注不足的临床综合征。
2.急性冠状动脉综合征-是冠心病心肌缺血急性发作过程中一个类型,冠状动脉粥样硬化是其病理基础,发病原因是心肌急性缺氧,是心肌氧的供需不平衡,大多是由慢性稳定性心绞痛病情演变或恶化而来。
3.室上性心动过速-指希氏束分叉以上的心脏组织参与和不同机理引起的一组心动过速。
4.高血压危象-指在高血压病程中突发性交感神经功能亢进致使血压急剧升高,引起重要靶器官功能损害甚至危及生命的一种临床症候群。
5.急性主动脉夹层-是指24~48小时以内各种原因所致的主动脉内膜破裂、血肿冲入主动脉壁中层形成的夹层血肿,过去亦称“主动脉夹层动脉瘤”。
选择题:1.临床上急性心力衰竭从病理生理学及血流动力学的角度可以分为以下几类:DA 弥漫性心肌损害及心肌间质异常B 心脏负荷突发性加重C 机械性异常D 以上都是2.急性右心衰竭常由以下原因引起:DA 急性肺动脉栓塞B 急性肺心病C 急性右室心肌梗塞D 以上都是3.心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)在心肌受损后:CA 3-5小时内升高,24-48小时达高峰,5-20天后降至正常。
B 3-8小时内升高,24-48小时达高峰,10-20天后降至正常。
C 3-5小时内升高,15-24小时达高峰,5-20天后降至正常。
D 3-8小时内升高,15-24小时达高峰,10-20天后降至正常。
4.急性心律失常从对血流动力学的影响上,没有的分类是:DA 对血流动力学有明显影响B 对血流动力学有潜在影响C 对血流动力学无明显影响D 对血流动力学没有影响5.需要安装起搏器的心律失常是:AA III度房室传导阻滞B I度房室传导阻滞C II度I型房室传导阻滞D窦性心动过速6.对于高血压伴有脑出血的患者,当收缩压持续超过200mmHg时,必须使用降压药时,血压益控制到:BA 不低于130mmHgB 不低于160mmHgC 不低于150mmHgD 不低于140mmHg7.关于主动脉夹层的描述正确的是:BA “A”型夹层起始于左锁骨下动脉远端的降主动脉并由此向下延伸B “B”型夹层起始于左锁骨下动脉远端的降主动脉并由此向下延伸C “B”型夹层起始于升主动脉并由此延伸D 以上描述都不对判断题:1.高血压危象对心脏的影响是使心脏的容量负荷增加。
2022年昆明医科大学基础医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷B
2022年昆明医科大学基础医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷B一、判断题1、血管反应是炎症的中心环节。
()2、免疫耐受的丧失和隐蔽抗原的暴露可致自身免疫病的发生。
()3、核固缩、核碎裂、核溶解是一个循序渐进、依次发生的过程。
()4、先天性卵巢发育不全综合征患者易患乳癌和性腺外生殖细胞肿瘤。
()5、脑膜瘤表达波形蛋白。
()6、在炎症中,巨噬细胞的功能包括:搬运、吸收坏死组织,刺激纤维组织增生,吞噬杀灭病原体,形成炎性肉芽肿,参与免疫反应。
()7、酒精性肝硬化的发生与酒精体内代谢产生的乙醛成分有关。
()8、Ph染色体常见于慢性淋巴细胞白血病。
()9、临床上常见的子宫颈糜烂是鳞状上皮脱落形成的浅表缺损。
()10、小叶性肺炎主要发生于小儿和年老体弱者。
()11、脑动脉粥样硬化晚期,脑组织可因长期供血不足而发生萎缩。
()12、对于年轻的高血压患者,需考虑有无内分泌系统疾病。
()13、男性慢性酒精中毒者可出现不育、性欲下降、男性乳腺发育。
()14、微小病变性肾病又称为脂性肾病。
()15、梅毒的特征性病变是形成树胶样肿,可见于各期梅毒。
()二、选择题16、淤血器官具有的特征有()A.色暗红,体积增大,切面干燥,功能增强,温度降低B.色苍白,体积缩小,切面湿润,功能增强,温度升高C.色暗红,体积增大,切面湿润,功能增强,温度升高D.色暗红,体积增大,切面湿润,功能减退,温度降低E.色苍白,体积增大,切面干燥,功能减退,温度降低17、动脉粥样硬化形成中的泡沫细胞主要来源于()A.内皮细胞B.上皮样细胞C.中性粒细胞D.巨噬细胞E.红细胞18、干酪样坏死的特点是()A.只发生在结核病时B.镜下可见坏死组织轮廓C.坏死组织细腻、呈黄色D.形成钙E.坏死局部肿胀19、下列哪种情况不属于机化过程()A.血管内血栓的再通B.肾梗死变为梗死寂痕C.胃黏膜表面糜烂的修复D.肺结核空洞由肉芽组织充填治愈E.浆膜面纤维素性粘连变为纤维性粘连20、垂体生长素细胞腺瘤可引起()A.Cushing综合征B.Shechan综合征C.肢端肥大症D.Simmonds综合征E.肥辟生殖无能综合征21、子宫颈感最常见的组织学类型()A.鳞状细胞癌B.腺癌C.腺鳞癌D.小细胞癌E.神经内分泌癌22、慢性肾小球肾炎大体标本的特点是()A.双侧肾对称性缩小,表面弥漫性细颗粒B.双侧肾病变不对称,表面不规则凹陷性激痕C.肿胀充血,呈大红肾D.双侧肾肿胀对称,表面多个小脓肿E.肾盂显著扩张成囊腔,肾皮质变薄23、不属于化脓性炎的是()A.支原体肺炎B.细菌性腹膜炎C.急性蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎D.小叶性肺炎E.疖子24、酒精性肝硬化镜下最常见的变性为()A.毛玻璃样变性B.气球样变性C.淀粉样变性D.脂肪变性E.水样变性25、甲型肝炎的病理改变特点是()A.门管区炎细胞浸润,主要有浆细胞和淋巴细胞B.肝小叶中央静脉周围的肝细胞呈溶解性坏死C.肝血窦内皮细胞增生D.肝血窦周星状细胞增生E.常见大块或亚大块坏死26、分化程度高是指()A.肿瘤周围有较多的淋巴细胞B.不容易引起器官的阻塞和破坏C.与起源组织相似程度D.有较大的异型性E.高度恶性的肿瘤27、性染色体病在临床上最常见的表现是()A.多发畸形和身体及智力发育迟缓B.身体及智力发育迟缓C.性发育不全D.自发性流产E.皮纹异常28、患者男性,48岁,长期反复发作的嗳气、反酸、中上腹疼痛。
09年昆明医科大学口腔医学研究生考试真题
09年的第一部分口腔解剖生理学试题(共计70分)一、名词解释(每题4分,共计20分)1、翼下颌韧带:2、咀嚼系统:3、前牙牙合运循环:4、occlusal plane:5、long centric:二、填空题(每空1分,共计20分)1、乳牙髓腔的特点是(1) 、(2) 、(3) 、(4) 、(5) 。
2、下颌骨骨折的好发部位是(1) 、(2) 、(3) 、(4) 。
3、舌前2/3的味觉由(1) 支配,舌前2/3的一般感觉由(2) 支配,舌后1/3的一般感觉及味觉由(3) 支配(但舌后1/3中央部则由(4) 支配),舌的运动由(5) 支配,舌的血供主要来自于(6) 。
4、拔除上颌第一磨牙需要麻醉的神经分别是(1) 、(2) 、(3) 。
5、腮腺导管开口于(1) ,下颌下腺导管及舌下腺大导管开口(2) 。
三、简答题(共2题,共计30分)1、第一磨牙的咬合关系非常重要,常被称为“牙合键”,简述其主要解剖生理学原因。
(15分)2、简述颞下颌关节的构成及其解剖生理特点。
(15分)第二部分牙体牙髓病学、牙周病学、口腔粘膜病学试题(共计90分)一、名词解释(每词5分,共计15分)1.牙菌斑2.根管预备3.牙周基础治疗二、问答题(共计75分)1.简述慢性牙髓炎的临床表现和诊断要点。
(20分)2.简述深龋的诊断要点和治疗方法。
(20分)3.简述慢性牙周炎的临床表现。
(20分)4.试述重型复发性阿弗他溃疡的表现及治疗。
(15分)第三部分口腔颌面外科学试题(共计70分)一、名词解释(每题5分,共15分,请翻译成中文后解释)1.Sj?gren syndrome2.Frey syndrome3. Trigeminal neuralgia二、填空(每空1分,共25分)1.上颌第一磨牙拔除时需要麻醉的神经有:(1) 、(2) 、(3)。
下颌尖牙拔除时需要麻醉的神经有:(4) 、(5)2.进行单侧唇裂整复术最适合的年龄为(1) 。
昆明医科大学外科学2010,2011,2017,2018年考博真题
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷医学考博历年真题试卷昆明医学院2010年博士入学考试外科学试题第一大部分必做题一、单项选择(一个2分,10题,共20分)1、灭菌2、病例:钾代谢异常、脱水类型3、高渗性脱水诊断指标4、ARDS的病理改变5、疝气6、烧伤三度四分法7、急性腹膜炎休克原因8、失血性休克补充血容量,最优晶体液9、术后感染预防措施10、想不起来了二、名词解释(6个中文,4个英文,每个2分,共20分)1、等渗性缺水2、低血容量性休克3、肠外营养4、脓毒症5、肿瘤TNM分期6、急性移植排斥反应7、acute cholecystitis8、hernia9、PTCD 10、colon cancer三、简答题(一个10分,共30分)1、病例:脱水类型,补什么,补多少?2、病例:肠梗阻,检查方法,治疗原则。
3、鉴别癌性阻塞性黄疸和结石性阻塞性黄疸。
第二大部分根据专业选作普外(一个简答10分,一个论述20分)1、简答:乳腺癌前哨淋巴结概念及意义。
2、论述:原发性肝癌治疗原则,治疗方法及新进展。
昆明医学院2011年博士研究生入学考试外科学试题昆明医学院2011年博士研究生入学考试外科学试题特别提示:1、本试题共4页。
2、试题答案请写在专用答题纸上。
3、本试题共计100分,包括公共部分(70分),每位考生必答;选答部分(30分),考生可导师相近或相关专业选择作答,多选无效。
4、考生将选答部分专业注明在答题纸“考试科目名称”一栏中,例如:外科学(骨科)。
第一部分公共部分试题(70分)一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)1.杀灭芽胞细菌所需的温度和时间为:A. 高温1240C , 持续30分钟B.高温1000C ,持续20分钟C. 高温1200C ,持续20分钟D.高温1190C ,持续20分钟2. 低钾血症时,心电图不应表现A.出现u波B.T波变宽C. 高而尖的T波D.T波双向3.循环骤停进行复苏时,最有效的药物是A. 肾上腺素B.异丙肾上腺素C. 去甲肾上腺D.间羟胺4.上腹部出现顽固性呃逆,首先应想到的原因A. 膈下感染B.腹膜后血肿刺激腹腔神经丛C.手术造成膈神经损伤D. 粘连引起胃扭转5. 溶血性反应的治疗下列哪项是错误的:A. 使用抗组胺药物B.保护肾功能C. 换血治疗D.防治弥散性血管内凝血6.烧伤创面出现焦痂下积脓,下列处理方法哪项不正确A. 清除烧痂,充分引流B. 湿敷包扎治疗C. 控制感染下,切除焦痂植皮D.中药外用,蚕食脱痂7. 下列各项中,不符合DIC诊断标准的是A. 3P试验阴性B. 血浆纤维蛋白原<1.5g/LC. 血小板计数 < 80X109/LD. 凝血酶原时间比对照组延长3秒以上8. 有关休克的描述,不正确的是A. 血压低于90/60 mmHg,就可诊断为休克B. 急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎可导致脓毒性休克C. 挤压伤可引起创伤性休克D. 鱼精蛋白副凝试验阳性是诊断弥散性血管内凝血的佐证9.ARDS最早期的症状是A. 呼吸加快窘迫感B.明显的呼吸困难C. 病人发绀D.呼吸道分泌物增多10.女,48岁,行胃大部分切除术,输血150ml后,出现寒战,肌肉注射异丙嗪25mg,继续输血,半小时.7℃,血压70/60mmHg,脉搏160次/分,发绀,意识不清,烦躁不安,可能原因:A. 输血后出血倾向B.发热反应C. 溶血反应D.细菌污染反应二、名词解释(每题2分,共20分)1.移植; 2. MODS;3.水中毒;4.急性胃肠功能障碍;5.低渗性缺水;6.代谢性酸中毒;7.全身炎症反应综合症; 8.肠内营养;9.心肺脑复苏; 10.charcot三联症。
2009昆明医学院博士学位研究生招生入学考试英语试题
昆明医学院博士学位研究生招生入学考试英语试题(EETMARCH282009)考试注意事项一、本试卷由客观评分题和主观评分题两部分组成:客观评分题包括词汇与结构、阅读理解与完型填空三部分,共65题,按顺序统一编号;主观评分题包括翻译与写作两部分,共3题。
二、客观评分题(题号1 -- 65)答案一律用中性(2B)铅笔做在机读答题纸上,在对应题号下所选的字母中间画黑道,如[A][B][C][D]。
三、主观评分题答案做在专用答题纸上。
为了不影响评分,请认真书写中英文答案。
四、试卷上均不得作任何记号,答案一律写在答题纸上,否则无效。
五、本考试全部时间为180分钟,每部分所占时间考生可自行掌握。
六、考试终了时间一到,考生一律停笔,等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。
待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束,方可离开考场。
Part I V ocabulary and Structure (20 points, 30 minutes)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be ______ with the students andtheir parents.A. recognizedB. popularC. favorableD.fascinated2.But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them ________suffering and poverty.A. nothing butB. anything butC. none other thanD. nomore than3.The small mountain village was _______ by the snow for more than one month.A. cut backB. cut outC. cut offD. cutaway4.The American peopl e’s ________ of being polite is different from that held here in China.A. mindB. conceptC. considerationD.thought5.The ______ of AIDS has led to an expansion in research seeking a cure.A. innovationB. selectionC. proliferationD.conviction6.When he was asked about the missing briefcase, the man _______ ever seeing it.A. refusedB. opposedC. resistedD. denied7.Modern appliances _______ us from a good deal of household work. For instance, the dryerfrees us from hanging the laundry.A. escapeB. benefitC. liberateD.comfort8.Our boss, Mr. Thompson, _______ a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A. was promisingB. has been promisingC. promisedD. haspromised9.People under stress have performed ________ feats of strength, like lifting an automobile offan accident victim.A.extraordinary B. specific C. abrupt D. abnormal10.After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly ______ the little rain that fell last night.A. skippedB. soakedC. retrievedD.absorbed11.The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds ________ his arguments in favour ofthe revision of the tax law.A. on which to baseB. which to be based onC. to base on whichD. on which to be based12.Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe ________ it provides thebuilding blocks from which the other elements are produced.A. so thatB. but thatC. provided thatD. inthat13. What are your _______ for judging a bottle of wine?A. regulationsB. rulesC. premisesD. criteria14.He was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _______ to the outside world.A. to be lostB. lost C. losingD. having lost15.Is it possible to make an early _______ to have my hair cut tomorrow?A. enrollmentB. engagementC. appointmentD. arrangement16.Since I could not see anything through the microscope, _ ____my careful adjustment, I gaveup.A. for allB. above allC. after allD. in all17.The _______ populated area was a breeding place for infectious diseases.A. denselyB. sparselyC. improperlyD. poisonously18.Renewing my driver’s license today is _________. Otherwi se, the license will expire atmidnight.A. imaginativeB. feasibleC. imperativeD.empirical19.An atom bomb would ________ a city.A. destroyB. damageC. moistD. wet20. All flights _______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take thetrain.A. had been cancelledB. were cancelledC. have been cancelledD. having been cancelled Part II Reading Comprehension. (25 points, 60 minutes)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Language is often irrational even in the way it combines words into sentences – in its synthesis. If language were perfectly rational in this respect, we should be able to handle words like the nine digits in arithmetic, and combine them into sentences at pleasure by applying a few simple grammaticalrules. In practice, however, we find that a great part of all languages consists of a limited number of natural sentences, only some of which admit of being formed a priori and freely modified by the substit ute of the other words, as when from “have”, “ink”, “pen”, we make up such sentences as “I have the ink”, “Who has the pen?” “Who has the ink?” “He has the ink,” and so on.But just as we cannot go on speaking long without using irregular inflections, so also we cannot go on speaking naturally for any length of time without using irregular combinations of words –combinations which cannot be constructed a priori. The sentences which make up natural speech are of two kinds – general sentences, such as those which have just been given, and special sentences or idioms, such as “how do you do?” “never mind”, which are really on a level with simple words, such as salutation, indifference, and like them, have to be learnt one by one, in the same way as the irregularities of the grammar. Many of them, indeed, have meanings inconsistent with those of the words of which they are made up. Thus “do” never has the meaning it has in “how do you do?” and “help” in the idiomatic expression “I could not help being late” has the meaning “prevent” “avoid”, which is the exact contrary of its ordinary meaning.Again, even in those cases in which the grammar and dictionary allow us to express an idea by various combinations of words, there is often only one of these combinations in actual use. Those who have had to do Latin prose composition know that the main difficulty of the art consists in having an instinctive knowledge of what combinations to avoid. French has a similar character. English and Greek are much freer in this respect, a fact which many foreigners find it difficult to realize. When they ask me such questions as “Can one speak of an ‘elegant supper?” “Can you say, ‘He was bad last night?” I always answer that English is a free language, and that there is nothing t o prevent any one calling a supper “elegant” although I do not remember ever doing so myself. Nevertheless, English has its imitations as well as other languages. Foreigners’ English often presents the curious spectacle of a language constructed on strict grammatical principles, but with hardly a single genuinely English sentence in it.21. Language is irrational in that ___________.A.we can combine words by using simple grammatical rulesB.words in a language are like the nine digits in arithmeticC.the meaning of a sentence can be inferred from the meanings of the words in itD.the meaning of a sentence does not always conform to the meaning of the words in it22.According to the author, __________.A.all languages have a limited number of natural sentencesB.not all sentences in a language can be modified by substituting different wordsC.regular combinations of words should be avoided in our speechD.we should construct a priori before we combine words into sentences23.Which of the following is true?A.Grammatically correct sentences are definitely correct.B.Grammatically correct sentences are not necessarily used in practice.C. A sentence based on grammar should be idiomatic.D. A sentence in practical use must be rational.24.The author thinks it ________ to call a supper “elegant”.A. not idiomaticB. impossibleC. wiseD. good English25.The main idea of the passage is that ________.A.We cannot speak by strict grammatical rulesB.No rule but has exceptionsC.There are two kinds of sentences in a languagenguage has strict grammatical rules to followQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Predicting the future is always risky. But it's probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th century as America's “Disney era ”. Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely known, but neither encapsulates 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney. The reasons for Disney's success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person — the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising — something his company still does brilliantly today.But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the “ little guy ”, and made him feel proud to be American. This he achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people. Some celebrated American achievements — Disney's very first cartoon Plane Crazy, featuringa silent Mickey Mouse, was inspired by Charles Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic. Others, like the There Little Pigs and Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, showed how, through hard work and helping one's fellow man, or Americans could survive social and economic crises like the Great Depression.Disney's other great virtue was the fact that his company — unlike other big corporations —had a human face. His Hollywood studio —the public heard —operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on first name terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, studios made training films for American soldiers.The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn, Disney's patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941, he became convinced that Hollywoodhad been infiltrated by Communists. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected were subversives.But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article.A new book, The Magic Kingdom; Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, by Steven Watts, confirms that he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans — in the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt, believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was always suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat, in which he portrayed FBI agents as bungling incompetents.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the WrightBrothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he was “Uncle Walt ”—the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented them all their lives, the man who represented all that was good about America.26. Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPT ___________.A. paintingB. creativityC. managementD. merchandising27. According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disney’s patriotism?A. He sided with ordinary Americans in his films.B. He supported America’s war efforts in his own way.C. He had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations.D. He voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.28. In the sixth paragraph the sentence “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that__________.A. Disney was a creative and capable personB. Disney once agreed to work for the FBIC. Disney ran his company in a democratic wayD. Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people29. The writer’s attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described as __________.A. sympatheticB. objectiveC. criticalD. skeptical30. The word icon in the last paragraph means __________.A. an imageB. a pictureC. an object of great attentionD. a great scientistQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Dramatically increasing costs of developing new drugs and more stringent regulatory requirements made by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration further dampened the drug industry’s appetite for jumping into new antibiotic research and development.The result was virtual paralysis in antibiotic development just when the resistance was careering out of control. “In 1991 an informal survey among pharmaceutical companies in the United States andJapan suggested that at least 50 percent of them had either diminished substantially or totally gotten out of antibacterial research,” says Shlaes. “People simply sloughed off the problem of resistance.”But it’s no surprise that bugs should develop resistance to our efforts to wipe them out. It’s only natural for an organism to do everything it can to evade its killer. By developing new drugs, we attempt to stay one step ahead of our microbial enemies, and the microbes furiously return the favor. Antibiotics actually promote resistance. For example, let’s say that Shoemaker’s young patient was indeed suffering from and ear infection. An antibiotic might wipe out most of those bad bugs, but a few might survive. If the child’s besieged immune system were capable of mopping up, all would be well. But if it weren’t, with the susceptible bacteria now dead, the resistant strains could spread like weed through a newly harvested fiel d. And if the child didn’t take the entire prescribed course of drugs, or if they were the wrong kind, more resistant strains might propagate.To compound the problem, antibiotics don’t just kill bad bugs, they also cut down innocent bystanders. That’s unfortunate, says Levy. “Non-disease-causing bacteria are essential parts of the body’s natural armor against invading infectious bacteria.” These benign microbes limit the spread of their dangerous brethren simply by being in the way. With them gone, the field is even more wide open to resistant bugs to grow rapidly.All that may be unintended result when antibiotics are used to cure disease. But much of antibiotic use is preventive – the penicillin given to the Vietnamese prostitutes, say, or antibiotics prescribed before surgery. Often the doses involved are comparatively low, and the drugs are given over long periods. This regime can be even more favorable for breeding resistance, as can low doses in animalfeed or in agriculture – or in antibacterial products like plastics, household cleaners, soaps, and toothpaste, a more recent menace.31. One of the reasons that made antibiotics research and development paralyzed is that __________.A. the cost of developing new drugs kept risingB. regulatory requirements are not so strictly observed as beforeC. there aren’t enough funds, and labors for drug industry to develop in this fieldD. the market demand is not high32. The case of Shoemaker’s young patient is taken to show that ___________.A. antibiotics can promote resistance of bugsB. antibiotics can kill all the bad bugsC. antibiotics can prevent the bugs from reproducing for goodD. antibiotics research is not well developed33. According to the text, which of the following statements in N0T true?A. Antibiotics kill innocent bacteria as well as bad bugs.B. If drugs were not taken properly, more resistant strains might breed.C. A person’s immune system plays a significant role in the effects of antibiotics.D. Antibiotics are not effective by and large.34. If non-disease-causing bacteria were killed, __________.A. the spread of infectious bacteria would slow downB. the positive effect of antibiotics would be proven fullyC. the spread of bad bugs would be freer and quickerD. resistant bugs would lose their ground to function35. In the last paragraph, it is inferred that ____________.A. preventive use of antibiotics leaves no room for bugs to develop resistanceB. low-dosed or long-term use of antibiotics can be a threat to our health as wellC. low-dosed or long-term use of antibiotics is not likely to breed resistance of bugsD. daily-used antibiotic products can thoroughly prevent the breed of resistant bugsQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Until recently, questions about managed care focused on the issues of access to services, choices of doctors and waiting time. Now though, patients and employers are demanding to know more about their managed care plans. What percentage of breast cancer sufferers in a given plan survive? How many babies delivered are healthy? How many times a year do asthma sufferers get rushed to the emergency room?The emphasis on outcomes, though, is relatively new. The Foundation for Accountability a Portland(Ore.)-based group, is developing the first comprehensive set of measurements. Patients, employers and government purchasers of health plans formed the foundation 18 months ago to improve quality in health care delivery.So far, the group has developed seven sets of measurements about specific diseases such as asthma, breast cancer, diabetes and heart disease. No community has yet begun to use these measurements. But David Lansky, the foundation’s president, said that M edicare is preparing to test them in Florida, Minnesota and Washington State. It’s a four-year project and involves gathering data for analysis and giving feedback to doctors and managed care plans.Take breast cancer. The foundation measures quality of care three ways. It tries to determine whether the health plan has steps in place that lead to good care. For example, does it allow mammograms as often and early in life as the latest guidelines suggest? Does the patient understand all of the treatment options available to her?Patient satisfaction is another consideration. Does the health plan communicate well with the patient? Is the patient involved in treatment decisions? Does the patient have access to specialists? How long does the patient have to wait to get the results of a breast biopsy?The result, or outcome, is the final question. People want to know how long patients with breast cancer live and avoid recurrences of their disease. Do they have access to reconstructive surgery and counseling? Do they return to normal life as soon as possible?The ultimate goal, Lansky said, is to get this information into the hands of consumers while they’re choosing a doctor, a hospital or a health maintenance organization (HMO)36. Which of the following statements is true concerning people’s attention to managed care service?A.They used to focus on outcomes.B.They don’t care about access to services, choices of doctors and waiting time for the timebeing.C.They begin to stress the outcomes.D.They begin to stress delivery time.37. The Foundation for Accountability is an organization that __________.A. was set up to improve quality in health care deliveryB. has got its sets of measurements into effectC. is formed exclusively by patients and government purchasers of health plansD. develops sets of measurements about minor diseases38. The set of measurements will be tested ___________.A. over half a decadeB. in three states of the United StatesC. in PortlandD. and the result will be reported to patients other than doctors39. Regarding measuring quality of breast cancer care, it is mentioned in the text that _________.A. it takes three ways to measure, i.e., doctors’ attitude, patient satisfaction and o utcomeB. the Foundation worked out three sets of measurementC. the measurement should take the communication between patient and the health plan intoconsiderationD. the outcome is the least important.40. The significance of measurements mainly lies in that __________.A. health care will be more popularly accepted by consumersB. the Foundation can make some profits by providing informationC. consumers divert their attention on health care from choices of doctors to outcomesD. consumers can have information about the quality of health care when they needQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.One method of determining your strong points is to appraise past performance honestly and to draw a balance sheet of your assets and liabilities. An appraisal of this sort might profitably be discussed with a friend to obtain a fresh, objective viewpoint on what one should try to do.Second, in job hunting it is important to advertise yourself. One young man – fortunately, a wealthy one – has turned his worries over to the bank where he keeps his money. He has told the bank that sooner or later something will turn up which he would be glad to have called to his attention. To be sure, this man is an exception. Many others, however, are content to call on their friends of business acquaintances, mention that they are “looking” not leaving a clear impression for what, and expect to get results.Job hunting is the hardest of all types of work, and it can be the most interesting. An orderly planned approach is essential. Let us assume you have decided what you want to do, believe and can prove you can do it well, know where you are willing to live, and have an idea of your worth. In short, you have prepared yourself to look for a job.No matter how flexible you are, there are certain companies to which you might be useful and many others to which you will not. Type of industry and size of company are two limiting factors to begin with, aside from your own personal preferences as to location, travel, salary, etc.41. If you want to have a self-appraisal, you should ___________.A. be aware of your strong pointsB. be honest with yourselfC. have enough assetsD. have a balanced mind42. The author suggests that one need discuss with a friend about jobs ___________.A.because friends might know more job opportunitiesB.because friends know you better than you doC.because friends are more honest than you areD.because friends can be more objective43. The example of the young man is used to show that ___________.A. even rich people need to look for a jobB. one should look for the right person in job huntingC. the young man is rich and fortunateD. self-advertising is important in job hunting44. When you prepare yourself to look for a job, you should do all the followingEXCEPT___________.A.knowing what you want to doB. deciding what you candoC. being flexible for everythingD. knowing your ownworth45. The passage discusses ____________.A. the job seekerB. the job marketC. the ideal jobsD. limiting factors in job huntingPart III Cloze (20 points, 1 point each, 30 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B. C, and D. You should choose the One that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.The normal human daily (46) of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep (47) alternation with some 16-17 hours’ cycle and that the sleep normally coincides(48) the hours of darkness. Ourpresent concern is with how easily and to what extent this (49) can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease (50) people can change from working in the day to working at night is a (51) of growing importance in industry where automation (52)round-the-clock working of machines. It normally (53) from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a (54) routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. (55) , it is often the case in industry that (56) are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he (57) one routine (58) he has to change to another, (59) much of his time (60) neither working nor sleeping very well .One answer would seem to be better periods on each sh ift, a month, or even three months. (61) , recent research has shown that people (62) such systems will revert to go back to their(63) habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any(64) to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those night workers whose(65) may persist through all week-ends and holidays.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
1、hyaline degeneration概念及分型。
2、滋养层细胞疾病包括什么?他们之间有什么共同点,又有什么区别?3、A动脉粥样硬化和高血压病所致心、肾、脑病变有什么不同?B高血压病颗粒性固缩肾是怎么形成的?C 高血压病小动脉病变是什么?4、大叶性肺炎分哪几个自然分期,有什么并发症?5、肠阿米巴、肠伤寒、肠菌痢的区别?6、结核球是来自哪些病变,临床上怎么治疗,为什么?7、良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤的区别?8、流行性脑脊髓膜炎和乙脑的区别?9、胃癌种植转移于卵巢是什么诊断?胃癌转移途径有哪些?10、萎缩的概念及病理性萎缩类型?11、thrombus概念及分型?12、坏死的基本病变?1、简述下肢申报静脉血栓脱落后,栓子的运行途径和对机体造成影响(10分)。
2、肉芽肿是由什么成分组成的?简述肉芽肿的作用、演变及瘢痕形成的过程(10分)。
3、简述继发性肺结核各种类型互相转变的规律(10分)。
4、简述肿瘤性增殖和非肿瘤性增殖的特点及二者的区别(8分)。
5、何谓Abscess和Phlegmonous?二者的区别是什么(10分)。
6、简述粥样硬化动脉的发生发展过程(10分)。
7、简述凋亡细胞的形态学特点(6分)。
8、男性患者,65岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰10年余,冬季加重。
近半年来感心悸、气急。
1周前发热,体温38℃左右。
查体:颈静脉充盈,桶状胸,肺部可闻及湿性啰音,肝肿大,腹水,双下肢水肿。
X线检查提示肺部散在小灶状阴影。
(1)患者患哪些疾病,请写出所患疾病名称(5分)。
(2)试述患者所患疾病直接的相互关系及发病机制(10分)。
9、请写出可导致呕血的疾病或病变,至少写出3种,并简述它们的疾病特点(10分)。
10、Crescent是哪种疾病的特征性病变,并简述这种疾病的病理表现(5分)。
11、何谓Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasm?并简述其分级的主要依据(6分)。
1 坏疽的定义,分类,病理特点2 结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺腺瘤区别3 良性与恶性胃溃疡区别4 原发性和继发性固缩肾区别5 病例题,羊水栓塞的诊断,诊断依据,羊水物质到肺部血管原因,死因分析6 类上皮定义,常见疾病7 肝脏占位病变病例分析8 霍奇金淋巴瘤的分类,病理学特点9 假膜性炎的概念,常见疾病及其特点10 副瘤综合症的概念,举例1.什么是坏疽,其发生机制和病变特点?2.38岁女性,因右上腹痛半月入院。
影像学检查发现右肝后叶有3.5cm占位,HBsAg(+),AFP(-).请列出该患者最可能患的三种疾病,并说明病理特点?3.胃镜下良恶性溃疡的鉴别?4.霍奇金淋巴瘤病理特征,分类?5.什么是副肿瘤综合症,举例说明?6.结节性甲状腺肿和甲状腺腺瘤肉眼和镜下区别?7.什么是假膜性炎?举例说明其病理特征?8.高血压固缩肾与慢性肾盂肾炎固缩肾区别?9.病例分析:女性,26岁,足月分娩,宫缩乏力,使用催产素、产钳助产分娩。
后出现阴道流血不止,失血量约3000ml。
血不凝,填塞等止血措施无效,经抢救无效死亡。
尸体解剖发现:双肺淤血水肿,细小动脉及毛细血管有黄色颗粒状物质和毛发状物质。
(1)诊断:(2) 为什么细小动脉及毛细血管有黄色颗粒状物质和毛发状物质?其途径?。
(3)死亡原因?1.举出3个不同器官硬化及病变2.举出4个肉芽肿性炎及镜下特点3.中年男,咳血痰,左肺上叶占位性病变,考虑病变(列3个)及各自特点4.大叶性肺炎、菌痢、伤寒(风湿性心包炎?记不清了)病变异同5.宫颈癌转移途径及部位6.Congestion, Thrombosis, Embolism和Infarction有何关系7.心肌梗死部位、病变及致死原因8.列出可发生血尿的3个病的病变并及血尿机制9.肝硬化伴门脉高压引起腹水的原因和机制10.Herniation的类型、好发部位、病变、结果11.慢性胃溃疡愈合的过程12.什么是变性?水肿和脂肪变的区别1、胃溃疡愈合的过程。
2、淤血、血栓形成、梗死、栓塞的关系。
英文的。
3、肺上叶有个占位,分析哪几种可能。
4、心肌梗死的好发部位,病变特点。
5、炎性肉芽肿有哪几种?6、腹水形成的机制。
7、纤维化见于那些病变?8、水肿和脂肪变性的区别。
一、英文名词解释(30分,每个3分)说明:原试题只有英文,无中文提示1、atrophy 萎缩2、carcinoma in situ 原位癌3、mirror image cell 镜像细胞4、congestion 淤血5、embolism 栓塞6、tuberculoma 结核球又称“结核瘤”7、exudation 渗出8、hydrocephalus 脑积水9、heart failure cell 心衰细胞10、crescentic glomerulonephritis 新月体性肾小球肾炎二、问答题(70分,每题10分)1、中年男性,痰中带血,左锁骨上淋巴结肿大,X线示肺门阴影。
最有可能的诊断是?镜下特点?2、请就原因、病变范围、形态特点、基因调控、意义等方面比较坏死和凋亡的区别?3、肿瘤性增生与炎症、损伤修复性增生有何区别?4、你所学的疾病中那些可以导致上消化道出血,至少举出3种疾病,简述其病变特点。
5、简述浸润性肺结核与继发性肺结核其他类型之间的关系。
6、简述宫颈癌的发生发展过程。
7、男性,57岁,既往有心绞痛病史,心前区疼痛一周,经治疗症状缓解,今上厕所突然晕厥,抢救无效死亡。
尸检:主动脉壁增厚,内膜可见灰黄色斑块,主动脉局部内膜分离,其间可见血凝块,冠状动脉内膜增厚,狭窄。
问题1:该患者的死亡原因是什么?2:叙述心血管病变形成的过程。
一、名词解释:(每题3分,共30分)1.Metaplasia2.Granulation tissue3.Paget disease4.Infarct5.Primary complex6.Gumma7.Piecemeal necrosis8.Reed-Sternberg cell9.Aschoff body10.Abscess二、问答题:(每题10分,共70分)1.肝硬化时假小叶是如何形成的,假小叶有哪些形态特点?2.按照肿瘤的命名原则,请列举发生于前臂的良恶性肿瘤各10个。
3.从病因、发病机制、病理变化、主要临床表现和影像学特点比较大叶性肺炎与小叶性肺炎的不同点。
4.请举出5种导致锁骨上淋巴结肿大的疾病或病变,并简述肿大淋巴结的病变特点。
5.尸体解剖发现死者双肾体积肿大,包膜紧张,颜色暗红,表面及切面散在出血点,肾皮质增宽。
镜下大多数肾小球体积增大,球囊内细胞数目显著增多,肾小管腔内见蛋白、红细胞和白细胞。
试分析:(1)该病例的病理诊断是什么?(2)死者生前可能出现哪些临床表现,请用病理变化予以解释。
6.请以化脓性阑尾炎为例,试述炎症的结局。
7.虎斑心、绒毛心、扁桃心、梨形心、靴形心各见于什么疾病或病变,试述其形态特点。
昆明医学院2010年博士入学考试病理学试题一、10个英文名词解释(30分)1、空洞2、假小叶3、假结核结节4、副肿瘤综合征5、鬼影细胞6、槟榔肝7、白色血栓8、异型性9、含铁小结10、脂褐素二、七个问答题(70分)1、动脉粥样硬化病理变化的发生发展过程。
2、引起肺硬化的几种病变特点及后果(至少3种)。
3、中年女性,直肠癌根治术后下肢血栓形成的原因及影响。
4、引起脑转移性肿瘤的五种最可能的肿瘤,它们的病变特点及转移途径。
5、肠结核、肠伤寒、肠阿米巴,细菌性痢疾病变特点及结局。
6、冷脓肿、肝阿米巴脓肿、嗜酸性脓肿、神经脓肿各有何特点,与通常所说的脓肿有何不同。
7、引起纤维素性炎的疾病特点和结局。
2009年昆明医学院博士研究生招生考试病理学试题一,名词解释(每题3分,共30分)traumatic neuroma 外伤性神经瘤fistula 瘘tubercle 结节organization 机化metastasis 转移neuronophagia 噬神经细胞linitis plastica 皮革胃inflammatory mediator 炎症介质atheroma 动脉粥样硬化cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)宫颈上皮内瘤二,问答题(每题10分,共70分)1,简述小叶性肺炎,肾盂肾炎,流行性脑脊膜炎的病变共性和不同点(病因,发病年龄,感染途径和病变特点) .2.病人出现血尿,请分析可导致血尿的疾病和病变特点(至少3种) .3.试述良性高血压晚期脑,心脏和肾脏的主要病理改变及后果.4. 病人的手指被刀切伤,深达肌层,试述伤口的愈合过程和影响伤口愈合的因素.5. 以肺癌为例,试述恶性肿瘤的扩散规律.6.试述心衰细胞,枭眼细胞,伤寒细胞,镜影细胞和泡沫细胞见于何种疾病或病变以及镜下形态特点.7,患者,男,50岁,因呕血急诊入院.既往患乙型肝炎16年.查体见面部和胸部有蜘蛛痣,腹壁静脉怒张,腹水征阳性.实验室检查: HBsAg(+),HBcAb(+),HBeAg(+),ALT 明显增高,AFP 明显增高.B 超检查有大小不等的结节. 请分析:(1) 该病人患何疾病? (2) 该疾病的发生发展过程? (3) 请解释为何出现上述临床表现?。