Chapter Seven
合集下载
Chapter 7章
Chapter Seven Reading Questions
Hale Waihona Puke Language, Culture and Society
1 What is the relation between language and culture? 2 Why is it necessary to teach relevant cultural information in language class? 3 Is English better than the language of some American Indian tribe’s language? 4 A language may have many different varieties. How can we classify its varieties?
While some researchers claim to have found reliable evidence to justify its validity, others suggest to have obtained enough counter-evidence to jeopardize its feasibility. It is clear that one must be careful and do not rush to any hasty conclusion before he really obtains some reliable and convincing evidence to support or reject the hypothesis.
Chapter Seven
Language, Culture and Society
Hale Waihona Puke Language, Culture and Society
1 What is the relation between language and culture? 2 Why is it necessary to teach relevant cultural information in language class? 3 Is English better than the language of some American Indian tribe’s language? 4 A language may have many different varieties. How can we classify its varieties?
While some researchers claim to have found reliable evidence to justify its validity, others suggest to have obtained enough counter-evidence to jeopardize its feasibility. It is clear that one must be careful and do not rush to any hasty conclusion before he really obtains some reliable and convincing evidence to support or reject the hypothesis.
Chapter Seven
Language, Culture and Society
《商务英语函电》 Chapter 7
II. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the following words or
expressions.
1. captioned
2. With regaห้องสมุดไป่ตู้d to, so far
3. enabling
4. see that, avoid
5. the fact that
6. stress v./n. 着重强调；重点
1) stress + that clause
2) stress + n.
The sellers stressed the importance of establishing L/C in strict accordance with the stipulations of the contract.
6. relevant
7. in exact accordance with
8. drawing near
9. call, attention
III. Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. A. have
2. C. be opened
谨启
(B) 通知开证 敬启者：
我方第5781号订单订购的500匹柞丝绸，约在30日前 开出不可撤消的信用证，到期日为五三月十五日，特函提 请注意。
由于销售季节很快临近，我方客户急需此货，请尽快 交货，以便在季节开始时赶上旺销。
我们愿强调如延迟交货，无疑地会给我们造成不小的 困难。
对你方合作，预致谢意。
3. A. With regard to
汉英翻译(chapter seven)
首字母缩写。
P&G
宝洁，它是Procter and Gamble（William Procter and James Gamble ）
的首字母缩写。
WST
世界卫星终端公司，它是World Satellite Terminal的首字母缩写。琼州学院外国语学院 Nhomakorabea11
三、商标翻译
商标是商品的门面，各国厂商历来对它十分重视，都希望 在高质量产品上有个译得美的商标，给厂家带来可观的经 济效益，这里的所谓“美”，起码要做到译出的商标词所 含的文化信息能够符合译入语民族的文化心理。如要使商 标名字译得美，就要针对不同的商标，采用不同的译法。 进口药品的译名，不少都有“康”、“定”、“福”、 “平”、“安”、“宁”、“灵”等。如：脑复康 (Piracetam)，咪康唑(Miconazole)，优福定(UFT)，利福 定(Rifandin)，尼群地平(Nitrendipine)，非洛地平 (Felodipine)，普尔安(Propanidid)，癫健安(Valpromide)， 喘特宁(Volmex)，脉宁平(Prazosin)，克霉灵(Montricin)， 美可灵(Micoren)。这是汉民族求安、向善、祈福心理决 定的。
Value (有益) + derma (希腊语：皮肤)——益肤药皂；英国
5、多外来词
Shampoo
香波；（印度语：按摩、推拿）
LUX
“力士”香皂，（英国Unilevier (联合利华)；拉丁文；阳光）使人联想到Luck，
Luxury等词语，A其广告词“super rich shine”更是让使用者不禁由阳光联想到健 康亮泽的肌肤。 的、大型全球性护肤品与身体护理品品牌。
英美文学Chapter 7
T.S.Eliot(1888-1965)
• On June 26, 1915 Eliot married Haigh-Wood in a register office. • Eliot worked as a schoolteacher, most notably at Highgate School. To earn extra money, he wrote book reviews and lectured at evening extension courses. • He moved to the United Kingdom in 1914 .Of his nationality and its role in his work, Eliot said: "[My poetry] wouldn't be what it is if I'd been born in England, and it wouldn't be what it is if I'd stayed in America. It's a combination of things. But in its sources, in its emotional springs, it comes from America." • He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948.
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
6. forms: Sonnet and heroic couplets abab bcbc cdcd ee abba cddc effe gg abba caac dccd ee abab cdcd efef gg
国际贸易实务双语Chapter 7
还有一类是由私人或贸易协会创办的非官方检验机构具有专业检验鉴定技术能力的公证行或检验公司如瑞士位于日内瓦的通用公证行美国的担保人实验室和英国劳埃氏公证行
Chapter Seven Commodity Inspection 商品检验
Warming-up Exercise Part A English Tex Part B Bilingual Tex
Chapter Seven Part A English Tex
Commodity Inspection
Inspection at the port of destination Inspection at the port of destination is also landed quality and weight. It means that the inspection is carried out by an authorized party within the period stipulated in the sales contract at the port of destination. And the certificate thus issued serves as the evidence in case of disputes. Obviously, it is more favorable to the buyer. Inspection at the port of shipment and re-inspection at the port of destination Inspection at the fort of shipment and re-inspection at the port of destination means that the goods is inspected before shipping in the exporting country and re-inspected when it arrives at the port of destination in the importing country. And also, the certificate issued in the exporting country is a part of documents required to collect payment. While the certificate issued after the re-inspection can serve as evidence in case of dispute settlement. Since this way is favorable to both the seller and the buyer, it is much preferred in international trade.
Chapter Seven Commodity Inspection 商品检验
Warming-up Exercise Part A English Tex Part B Bilingual Tex
Chapter Seven Part A English Tex
Commodity Inspection
Inspection at the port of destination Inspection at the port of destination is also landed quality and weight. It means that the inspection is carried out by an authorized party within the period stipulated in the sales contract at the port of destination. And the certificate thus issued serves as the evidence in case of disputes. Obviously, it is more favorable to the buyer. Inspection at the port of shipment and re-inspection at the port of destination Inspection at the fort of shipment and re-inspection at the port of destination means that the goods is inspected before shipping in the exporting country and re-inspected when it arrives at the port of destination in the importing country. And also, the certificate issued in the exporting country is a part of documents required to collect payment. While the certificate issued after the re-inspection can serve as evidence in case of dispute settlement. Since this way is favorable to both the seller and the buyer, it is much preferred in international trade.
Chap007(中文)
团队有可能重新 回到发展过程的 早期阶段
解体
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
14
团队规范
群体为控制成员行为而建立的非正式规则和共 同的期望。
团队规范是如何发展的：
最开始的团队经历 团队历史上的关键事件 成员带进团队的经历和价值观
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
• 咨询团队
• 实践社团
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
5
为什么依靠团队
与个体单独工作相比较，团队倾向于：
做出更好的决策 基于团队成员更多的知识和专业技能，可以做出更
好的产品和服务 增加员工参与
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
more
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
29
团队决策的制约因素
时间约束
组织/协调时间 生成受阻
评价顾忌
相信其他团队成员会在私下评价自己
服从压力
压制不符合团队规范的观点
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
30
团队制约: 群体思维
[chapter seven]
团队动力学
7
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
华尔街的团队合作
© Paul Thomas/Getty Images
证券业的公司都认为，较之“明星”个人，团 队合作可以提供更好的顾客服务，做出投资业 绩。
解体
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
14
团队规范
群体为控制成员行为而建立的非正式规则和共 同的期望。
团队规范是如何发展的：
最开始的团队经历 团队历史上的关键事件 成员带进团队的经历和价值观
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
• 咨询团队
• 实践社团
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
5
为什么依靠团队
与个体单独工作相比较，团队倾向于：
做出更好的决策 基于团队成员更多的知识和专业技能，可以做出更
好的产品和服务 增加员工参与
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
more
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
29
团队决策的制约因素
时间约束
组织/协调时间 生成受阻
评价顾忌
相信其他团队成员会在私下评价自己
服从压力
压制不符合团队规范的观点
McShane/Von Glinow: OB [essentials]
30
团队制约: 群体思维
[chapter seven]
团队动力学
7
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
华尔街的团队合作
© Paul Thomas/Getty Images
证券业的公司都认为，较之“明星”个人，团 队合作可以提供更好的顾客服务，做出投资业 绩。
语言学教程Chapter 7. Language, Culture, and Society(课堂PPT)
2
Anthropological linguistics
A branch of linguistics which studies the relationship between language tradition, beliefs, and family structure. 语言学的一个分支，研究一个社团的语 言和文化之间的关系，如传统、信仰和 家庭结构。
14
Ethnography of communication
The study of the place of language in culture and society. Language is not studied in isolation but within a social and/ or cultural setting. Ethnography of communication studies, for example, how people in a particular group or community communicate with each other and how the social relationships between these people affect the type of language they use.
8
Speech act theory
Language is a mode of action This view of language is the basis for the generation of the speech act theory.
9
Contribution by Malinowski
Paved the way for a cultural, rather, a contextual study of language use in Britain.
Anthropological linguistics
A branch of linguistics which studies the relationship between language tradition, beliefs, and family structure. 语言学的一个分支，研究一个社团的语 言和文化之间的关系，如传统、信仰和 家庭结构。
14
Ethnography of communication
The study of the place of language in culture and society. Language is not studied in isolation but within a social and/ or cultural setting. Ethnography of communication studies, for example, how people in a particular group or community communicate with each other and how the social relationships between these people affect the type of language they use.
8
Speech act theory
Language is a mode of action This view of language is the basis for the generation of the speech act theory.
9
Contribution by Malinowski
Paved the way for a cultural, rather, a contextual study of language use in Britain.
Chapter Seven Affirmative & Negative
Affirmative & Negative
; Negative
I. Definition of Affirmation and Negation
II. Negation in English – Chinese Translation
III. Negation in Chinese – English Translation IV. Conclusion
Not …because
I don’t like teaching just because my parents are both teachers. 我喜欢教书，并不仅仅因为父母都是老师。
The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。 Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time. 不要因为时间紧而敷衍塞责。 In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. 我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
He is too sensitive not to notice that. 他那么敏感，不会注意不到的。 It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes. 译1：人不会不犯错误。 译2：人总会犯错误的。 I don't think we have asked for anything that they haven't done. 我认为我们所要求的事情，他们都已经办到了 。
; Negative
I. Definition of Affirmation and Negation
II. Negation in English – Chinese Translation
III. Negation in Chinese – English Translation IV. Conclusion
Not …because
I don’t like teaching just because my parents are both teachers. 我喜欢教书，并不仅仅因为父母都是老师。
The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。 Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time. 不要因为时间紧而敷衍塞责。 In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. 我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
He is too sensitive not to notice that. 他那么敏感，不会注意不到的。 It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes. 译1：人不会不犯错误。 译2：人总会犯错误的。 I don't think we have asked for anything that they haven't done. 我认为我们所要求的事情，他们都已经办到了 。
旅游英语 房玉清 Chapter 7
Studying the procedures of how to accept extension request of customers Using all the possible way to solve the problems of customers
导游英语
Situation I
Chapter Seven
Follow-up Service
Chapter Seven Follow-up Service
In this chapter, you will learn:
how to help the customer to extend the stay at the hotel in English; how to settle the customers’ complaints; how to communicate with customers and get some feedback of the service of travel agency in English; how to write a reply to letters of complaints in English.
Chapter Seven Follow-up Service
Situation II
The manager (M) of a travel agency is talking with Christina (a guide) about how to handle guests’ complaints properly. M: the manager C: Christina (a guide)
Situation I —— Background Information
数据仓库 Chapter 7 体系结构及其组成部分
复杂分析和快速响应
OLTP中用户往往进行的是孤立的短暂的查询，在OLAP 中用户则是长时间的多方位的储蓄的查询，可能会进行 Drill Down，Drill Up和切片的查询 查询结果必须能够以不同的输出方式得到结果。 数据仓库必须提供分析工具和足够的信息使用户能对问 题做出快速的反应，使制定战略决策更加快速和容易
监控所有正在进行的操作 出错的时候解决问题并恢复工作
目前市场上只有少数几种维数据仓库管理装专门设计的工具。数 据仓库管理者通过使用数据仓库数据管理系统的工具执行管理和 控制模块的功能。
Chapter Seven 体系结构及其组成部分
Contents 掌握数据仓库的体系结构 区别于其他结构的特点 体系结构的框架 技术体系结构
功能和服务
技术体系结构
信息传递
这个区域涉及很多向用户传递信息的不同的方法。 数据仓库体系结构的强大力量主要集中在信息传递部分的健壮性 和灵活性上。 基本数据仓库向MDDB载入数据，这些数据以多维信息立方体的 方式保存，供用户OLAP。 数据流
DW－》DataMarts DataMarts－》DW DW－》EIS、DM、OLAP多维数据库 功能和服务
区别于其他结构的特点
灵活性和动态性
在数据仓库设计和开发阶段并不能收集到所有的商业需求， 没有设计到的需求会在用户开始使用数据仓库后显现出来。 必须保证数据仓库体系结构足够灵活以适应额外的需求。 商业条件本身的变化也要求在数据仓库中加入新的、额外 的商业需求。
区别于其他结构的特点
元数据驱动
语言学教程Chapter Seven
We pay our attention to:
language and culture, Language and society,
and language and cross-cultural communication.
2
7.1 language and culture What is culture? Broadly speaking, it means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language. In a narrow sense, it refers to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs. 7.1.1 The relationship between L & C There exists a close relationship between language and culture, generally, a relation of part to whole, for L is part of C. Language is an indispensible carrier of culture. The knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people’s culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in L. Culture finds a better representation through language use. Language and culture correlate with each other at different levels of linguistic structure.
language and culture, Language and society,
and language and cross-cultural communication.
2
7.1 language and culture What is culture? Broadly speaking, it means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language. In a narrow sense, it refers to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs. 7.1.1 The relationship between L & C There exists a close relationship between language and culture, generally, a relation of part to whole, for L is part of C. Language is an indispensible carrier of culture. The knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people’s culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in L. Culture finds a better representation through language use. Language and culture correlate with each other at different levels of linguistic structure.
语言学教程 胡壮麟Chapter7
Users of the same language in a sense all
speak differently. What each of them chooses
to use is in part determined by his social
background. When we speak we cannot avoid giving our listeners clues about our origin and our background.
people who claim to be users of the same
language do not speak the language in the
same manner.
Varieties related to the user are normally
known as dialects and varieties related to use
around.
Time in Hopi language ---a ―timeless language‖ An example from the Dani language: evolutionary stages of basic color words
Hale Waihona Puke English: horseshoe
Anthropological study of linguistics: study of language in a socio-cultural context. Bronislaw Malinowski:
The meaning of a word greatly depends upon its occurrence in a given context. Language functions as a link in human activity, a mode of action.
机电工程专业英语（第二版）（可编辑）
机电工程专业英语（第二版）CatalogChapter One Chapter TwoChapter Three Chapter FourChapter Five Chapter SixChapter Seven Chapter EightChapter One Fundamentals of Mechanical EngineeringLesson 1 Properties of MaterialsLesson 2 Classification of SteelsLesson 3 Heat TreatmentLesson 4 Types of GearLesson 5 Rolling-Typedensity [ 5densiti ]n.密度, 比重specific heat 比热coefficient [ kEui5fiFEnt ]n.系数conductivity [ 7kCndQk5tiviti ]n.传导性, 传导率Lesson 1-1melt [ melt ]v.使融化, 使熔化, 使软化ductility [ dQk5tiliti ]n.展延性, 柔软性toughness [ 5tQfnis ] n.韧性, 坚韧abrasion [ E5breiVEn ]n.磨损girder [ 5^E:dE ] n.桁架, 大,纵,横梁armor [ 5B:mE ]n.装甲bumper [ 5bQmpE ] n.缓冲器,减震器stamp [ stAmp ]n.邮票, 印, 图章 v. 压印, 冲压penetration [ peni5treiFEn ] n.穿过, 渗透, 突破fender [ 5fendE ]n.防卫物, 挡泥板mill [ mil ] n.磨粉机, 磨床,工厂vt.碾磨Lesson 1-11.be distinguished fromThe true is to be distinguished from the false 真假必须辨明。
Chapter-seven(II)重音-弱读-节奏-停顿
English Phonology
2. Word stress
Most words of four syllables are stressed on the third syllable form the last. E.g. development, similitude, phenomena.
Strong and Weak Forms Rhythm and Rhythm group Pausing
English Phonology
Stress and rhythm
• Stress and rhythm are two more essential
elements in English pronunciation. Stress is such an important feature of spoken English that it determines not only the rhythmic flow of words, but also the quality of the vowels.
English Phonology
2. Word stress practice
advert/advertisement popular/popularity photograph/photographer celebrate/celebrity organize /organization music/musician evacuate/evacuation publish/publicity
• Compound proper nouns(专有名词)
normally have a primary stress on the second elements, except for the names of stress, like Forest Street. • p100
物流专业英语 Chapter Seven Value-added Service
tactical [ˈtæktɪkl] adj. 战术的; 策略上的; 巧妙设 计的; 有谋略的; cold chain logistics 冷链物流 infrastructure [ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)] n. 基础设施; 基础 建设; surge [sɜ:dʒ] n. 汹涌; 大浪，波涛;v. 汹涌; 起 大浪，蜂拥而来; eg. Specialists see various reasons for the recent surge in inflation. 专家们认为目前通货膨胀加剧有 多种原因。
Dialogue 1 Problems with Manual Input Interface
Peter: Lee, I got a call from the marketing manager of Sunrise chain drugstores this morning. He complained that part of the quantity and categories of drugs we distributed were not in accord with their orders. Lee: Then, have you checked the documents? Peter: Yes. I compared the related distribution lists and loading lists with their orders, and found some mistakes. Lee: Take the documents to me.
Hale Waihona Puke Allen: Their orders are often placed by email and then input into our order processing system manually by our staff. With the rapid growth of their business volume and chain store number, the demand for our distribution has increased significantly. Therefore, the error rate of our operations is rising along with their development.
导游英语Chapter 7 Follow-up Service
➢ Studying the procedures of how to accept extension request of customers
➢ Using all the possible way to solve the problems of customers
导游英语
Situation I
➢ If you can’t solve the problem, repeat the information and write it down, then convey to the tour operator or other units concerned to settle the disputes.
C: OK, three restaurants around here. One restaurant is of Sichuan style, one is Dongbei restaurant and the other special cook fish.1
B: I prefer Dongbei dishes. It tastes wonderful and Dongbei people are easy-going. Among other things, they provide adequate weight.
Situation II
Chapter Seven Follow-up Service
The manager (M) of a travel agency is talking with Christina (a guide) about how to handle guests’ complaints properly.
Situation II —— Background Information
➢ Using all the possible way to solve the problems of customers
导游英语
Situation I
➢ If you can’t solve the problem, repeat the information and write it down, then convey to the tour operator or other units concerned to settle the disputes.
C: OK, three restaurants around here. One restaurant is of Sichuan style, one is Dongbei restaurant and the other special cook fish.1
B: I prefer Dongbei dishes. It tastes wonderful and Dongbei people are easy-going. Among other things, they provide adequate weight.
Situation II
Chapter Seven Follow-up Service
The manager (M) of a travel agency is talking with Christina (a guide) about how to handle guests’ complaints properly.
Situation II —— Background Information
暨南大学项目管理-chapter 7 managing risk
管理学院 School of Management
佟瑞 Edward Tong， MPM，MBA
2020/4/18
Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University
1
CHAPTER SEVEN
Managing Risk
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
2020/4/18
Edward Tong,Jinan University
9
What is an Uncertainty?
It is the sum of unknowns for each project
2020/4/18
Edward Tong,Jinan University
10
Uncertainty, Opportunity, and Risk
Close Risks
Document Lessons learned
14
Example of Risk Categories
Based on Project Phases -
Total Risk
Plan
2020/4/18
Design
Test
Edward Tong,Jinan University
Chaplain in extraordinary to Charles II
2020/4/18
Edward Tong,Jinan University
26
Risk Management Process
• Risk
佟瑞 Edward Tong， MPM，MBA
2020/4/18
Edward TongCopyright reserved Jinan University
1
CHAPTER SEVEN
Managing Risk
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
2020/4/18
Edward Tong,Jinan University
9
What is an Uncertainty?
It is the sum of unknowns for each project
2020/4/18
Edward Tong,Jinan University
10
Uncertainty, Opportunity, and Risk
Close Risks
Document Lessons learned
14
Example of Risk Categories
Based on Project Phases -
Total Risk
Plan
2020/4/18
Design
Test
Edward Tong,Jinan University
Chaplain in extraordinary to Charles II
2020/4/18
Edward Tong,Jinan University
26
Risk Management Process
• Risk
第七章 烧结
7.2.1 固相烧结
蒸发－凝聚机理和相应速度公式
蒸发－凝聚机理
在烧结初期，
其蒸汽压 > 同物质的平面上蒸汽压； 球体表面具有正曲率， 蒸气压低 球体之间颈部的表面具有较小的负曲率，
p Vp RT ln p0 p V 1 1 M 1 1 ln ( ) ( ) p0 RT r r2 RT r1 r2 1
Ds为表面扩散系数
进一步变为整理为：
按照表面扩散烧结时，颈部半径x的增大与烧结时间的1/7次方成正比。
x 40 4 Ds 1 / 7 4 / 7 1 / 7 ( ) r t r kT
7.3 液相烧结 动力学模型与理论
液相烧结的前提条件： 第一，体系必须有一定的液相含量； 第二，液相必须能较好地润湿固相物质； 第三，固相物质在液相中必须有明显的溶解度。 烧结过程中可能出现的物理效应： （1）润滑效应； （2）毛细管压力与粉粒的初次重排； （4）溶入-析出过程； （3）毛细管压力与接触平滑； （5）熟化适应过程； （6）固态脉络的形成。
More difficult to sinter than oxide ceramics
Si3N4/SiO2
Liquid phase sintering
solutes
Sintering aids
(Al2O3/MgO/Y2O3/Ln2O3)
Residual Glass
Intergranular glassy film in high-purity & undoped Si3N4 ceramics
由上式可知：
M P 0
2R T
3 2 3 2
3 2
) r
1 3
2 3
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Ⅱ settlement instruments 1. 本票 Promissory 2. 银行支票 Bank Check 3. 银行汇票 Bank Draft 4. 邮政汇票 Money Order
Useful sentences
1. Payment is to be made by irrevocable L/C at sight to be opened in our favor. 2. We require payment by irrevocable L/C payable against draft at sight to be opened 30 days before the date of shipment. 3. Our terms of payment are by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit payable at sight against presentation of shipping documents. 4. We accept payment by L/C. 5. We regret that we are unable to consider your request for payment under D/A terms.
d.预定应到的、预期的、约定 预定应到的、预期的、 预定应到的 This shipment is due to arrive early next month. Our representative’s flight is due at 4:30 pm on Friday this week. e. Overdue / past due (逾期 逾期) 逾期 The shipment of 3000 PCs cowhides is rapidly becoming overdue. The amount you owe us is long past due. 2. Consignment (托运、托运的货物 托运、 托运 托运的货物) We have taken special care to include in the consignment only items suited to conditions in Nigeria.
Chapter Seven Terms of Payment
Learning objectives
◆settlement instruments ◆terms of payment ◆language points- words, expressions and sentences
Lead-in Activity:
Specimen Letter (4)
1. Pay a. 付款、值得、合算 付款、值得、 P.186 It doesn’t pay to buy in small quantities. We trust you will pay our draft on presentation. Please pay attention to the date of shipment. b. 支付 Our terms of payment are confirmed irrevocable letter of credit with sight draft.
3. Conversion rate (兑换率 兑换率) 兑换率 等同于rate of conversion 等同于 exchange rate cross rate 4. Figure (数字、价位、估算、计算、考虑 数字、 数字 价位、估算、计算、考虑) After a few years’ operation, this company has earned an revenue of seven figures. Amount in figure 小写金额 In round figure 取整、以约数表示、大概 取整、以约数表示、 We can obtain the same quality through another channel at a much lower figure.
Sales in the last three months figures out at about $230,000. Could you figure out how much the insurance premium will be? I cannot figure out the exact meaning of your email. 5. Accommodation (通融、照顾 通融、 通融 照顾) We are sure that such an accommodation would be conducive to encouraging business. As we must adhere to our customary practice, we sincerely hope that you will not think us unaccommodating.
Useful word and expressions
ⅠTerms of payment 信用证(letter of credit) 1. 信用证 confirmed / irrevocable / transferable / documentary / revolving / back to back / reciprocal L/C at sight ( at ××days after sight) ×× 2. 托收 托收(collection) D/P at sight ; D/P after ×× days sight; D/A T/R(信托收据 信托收据) 信托收据 3. 汇款 汇款(remittance) T/T ;D/D; M/T (Telegraphic Transfer/ Demand Draft/ Mail Transfer) 4. 月结记账 O/A
付款日通知 1. The account is subject to 10% discount of settled within fifteen days of surrendering, after which it is strictly net. 2. Please note that our payday for Town Accounts is Wednesday of any week, between the hours of 11. a. m. and 3 p. m., but we expect creditors to send representatives to agree to amounts for settlement at least three days prior to calling for their checks.
c. Payments ( 支付的款 支付的款) Monthly payments of RMB ￥2000 d. In payment of (支付某种费用款 支付某种费用款) 支付某种费用款 We enclose a check for US $ 1000 in payment of all commissions due to you. e. In payment for (支付某种具体实物的款 支付某种具体实物的款) 支付某种具体实物的款 We have received your check for US $ 1000 in payment for the tablecloth as per your letter of Apr. 12th.
2. L/C (信用证 信用证) 信用证 P187 3. Mean (资力、财力、手段、方式、工具 资力、 资力 财力、手段、方式、工具) You are supposed to ship the goods in April by all means. We will cover our purchase by means of L/C at sight. By no means shall we break the rules. 4. Tie up 束缚、占压、停顿 束缚、占压、 The request for easier payment term is compelled by their funds being tied up in numerous commitments.
c. 进一步地、继……再 进一步地、 再 Further to our telephone this morning, we would like to confirm details of the order which we discussed. 4. Invoice (发票 发票) 发票 P185 5. On a cash basis 凭现金交易 6. Open account terms (O/A terms) 赊账
Specimen Letter (3) 1. Due a. 适当的、正当的、应有的、应得的 适当的、正当的、应有的、 After due consideration, we have decided to change our terms of payment from D/P at sight to irrevocable L/C with draft at sight. We have received you letter in due course. b. 到期 The draft will fall / is due on Apr. 15th. c. 欠的、当付的 欠的、 That remittance is due (to) you in payment for the goods ordered last month.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
We have taken special care to include items only suited to conditions in Nigeria in the consignment. 3. Further a. 促进 The talks were characterized by a warm and friendly exchange of views further mutual trade interest. b. 进一步的、更多的 进一步的、 We look forward to receiving further orders from you. You can get further information from our secretary.