☆2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海秋考卷
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试生物单科试题(上海卷)2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试生物单科试
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试生物试题(上海卷)本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(共60分)考生注意:1.答第I卷前,考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚切写姓名、准考证号、校验码,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2.第I卷(1~33题),由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题纷上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应,不能错位。
答题需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,在新选择。
答案不能写在试卷上,写在试卷上一律不给分。
一.单选题(共60分。
每小题只有一个正确选项)(一)1分题(共11题)1.苍蝇、蚊子的后翅退化成平衡棒,可在飞行中保证身体稳定。
决定这种特征出现的根本原因是A 适应环境B 新陈代谢C 应激性D 遗传变异2.绿色植物在暗室中不能A 生长B 呼吸C 合成叶绿素D 吸收矿质元素3.维持高等动物第二性征的物质属于A 核酸B 糖类 B 蛋白质 D 脂类4.右图为动物细胞示意图,它属于A 第二极体B 卵原细胞C 第一极体D 卵细胞5.大豆根尖细胞所含的核酸中,含有碱基A、G、C、T的核苷酸种类数共有A 8B 7C 5D 46.科学家将雌黑鼠乳腺细胞的细胞核移人白鼠去核的卵细胞内,待发育成早期胚胎后移植入褐鼠的子宫,该褐鼠产下小鼠的体色和性别是A 黑、雌B 褐、雌C 白、雄D 黑、雄7.催化脂肪酸水解的酶是A 肽酶B 蛋白酶C 脂肪酸D 淀粉酶8.海水退潮后露出的海边岩石上有各种海藻附着,它们从上到下呈带状水平分布,造成这种现象的原因是不同深度的海水A 温度不同B 盐度不同C 含氧量不同D 光谱成份不同9.2002年世界杯足球赛时,球员踢球瞬间,神经冲动在神经纤维上的传导形式是A 静息电位B 动作电位C 突触传导D 反射弧10.常温常压下,要使过氧化氢溶液迅速放出大量的氧气,应投入A 新鲜猪肝B 煮熟猪肝C 冰冻猪肝D 生锈铁钉11.右图是一种哺乳动物,根根其形态特征,这种动物最可能具有的行为习性是A 夜行性、匍匐行走B 夜行性、跳跃行走C 昼行性、跳跃行走D 昼行性、匍匐行走(二)2分题(共17题)12.人体血液中不可能出现的物质是A 纤维素B 尿素C 激素D 维生素13.饮酒过量的人表现为语无伦次、走路不稳、呼吸急促,在①大脑②小脑③脑子三个结构中,与此反应相对应的结构分别是A ③②①B ②①③C ③①②D ①②③14.下列叙述中正确的是A A TP分子聚集能量和释放能量过程中都与磷酸分子有关B 在生态系统中能量往往伴随着物质而循环利用C 在光合作用中光能以它原来的形式储存于糖类中D 叶绿体既进行光合作用又进行呼吸作用15.下列疾病与人体激素分泌异常无关的是①水俣病②镰刀形贫血症③糖尿病④呆小症⑤夜盲症⑤巨人症A ①②⑤B ④⑤⑥C ③④⑥D ①⑤⑥16.下列四项中,能用于观察四分体的实验材料是A 蓖麻籽种仁B 洋葱根尖C 菠菜幼叶D 蝗虫的精巢17.紫色洋葱外表皮细胞的色素存在于细胞的A 细胞膜B 细胞质基质C 液泡D 细胞核18.下列生理活动与蛋白质功能无关的是A 氧气在血液中的运输B CO2进入叶绿体C 葡萄糖在细胞内氧化分解D 细胞识别19.噬菌体外壳的合成场所是A 细菌的核糖体B 噬菌体的核糖体C 噬菌体基质D 细菌的核区20.班氏丝虫寄生在人体淋巴管内后,常造成人体下肢肿胀,这是由于A 细胞将不能接受氨基酸B 组织间隙积聚液体C 不能消化脂肪D 组织内葡萄糖浓度升高21.已知一段mRNA含有30个碱基,其中A和G有12个,转录该段mRNA的DNA 分子中应有C和T的个数是A 12B 24C 18D 3022.基因研究最新发现表明,人与小鼠的基因约80%相同。
2002年全国普通高校招生统一考试(上海卷)
2002年全国普通高校招生统一考试(上海卷)综合能力测试(理科使用)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。
满分为150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(共81分)一、下列图表反映,随着上海经济的发展,城市居民生活水平在不断提高。
1.上海经济迅速发展的根本原因是()A.坚持党对社会主义现代化建设的领导B.坚持对外开放的基本国策C.坚持实施可持续发展战略D.坚持完善和发展社会主义市场经济体制2.上述图表还反映出()A.人均消费性支出与人均可支配收入的比率有上升趋势B.人均消费性支出与人均可支配收入的比率有下降趋势C.人均消费性支出与人均可支配收入的比率不变D.人均消费性支出随着人均可支配收入的增长而逐年下降3.这个趋势告诉我们()①人们实物消费和劳务消费需求都已得到满足②需要积极吸收居民储蓄③需要进一步拉动内需④需要进一步完善分配制度和社会保障制度A.①②B.③④C.②③D.①④二、1929年世界经济危机爆发后,日本军国主义分子加快了侵略中国的步伐,中国人民奋起抗战,进行了长期的艰苦卓绝的抗日斗争。
4.日寇在中国不断挑起事变,进而发动全面侵华战争。
下列事变发生在上海的是()A.“一·二八”事变和“七·七”事变B.“一·二八”事变和“八·一三”事变C.“七·七”事变和“九·一八”事变D.“八·一三”事变和“九·一八”事变5.在日寇侵略上海的两次事变中,都率军奋勇抵抗的中国将领是()A.蒋光鼐B.叶挺C.张治中D.李宗仁6.在华北,八路军不断出击,重创日寇。
其中歼敌最多的战役是()A.平型关大捷B.雁门关伏击战C.黄土岭之役D.百团大战三、据报道,中国已初步选定朗伊尔宾(北纬78°、东经15°附近)为“中国北极科学探险考察站”站址。
7.根据中国北极科学探险考察站经纬度位置判断,它位于上海的()A.东南方向B.东北方向C.西北方向D.西南方向8.“坐地日行八万里”,在毛泽东诗词中的“八万里”实指赤道周长约四万千米,据此可估算我国北极科学探险考察站站址至北极的距离约为()A.666千米B.1332千米C.2664千米D.3996千米9.北极地区寒风凛冽,考虑到当地所处风带的盛行风向,中国北极科学探险考察站营地建筑的门窗应该避开的朝向是()A.东南方向B.西南方向C.西北方向D.东北方向四、改革开放以来,我国人民生活水平和生活质量有了较大的改善,电冰箱、空调机、电视机等家用电器得到了普遍使用。
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)
高中物理学习材料(灿若寒星**整理制作)2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷) 理科综合能力测试 第I 卷(选择题 共120分)在下列各题的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
15.目前普遍认为,质子和中子都是由被称为u 夸克和d 夸克的两类夸克组成。
u 夸克带电量为32e ,d 夸克带电量31-e ,e 为基元电荷。
下列论断可能正确的是A 质子由1个u 夸克和1个d 夸克组成,中子由1个u 夸克和2个d 夸克组成B 质子由2个u 夸克和1个d 夸克组成,中子由1个u 夸克和2个d 夸克组成C 质子由1个u 夸克和2个d 夸克组成,中子由2个u 夸克和1个d 夸克组成D 质子由2个u 夸克和1个d 夸克组成,中子由1个u 夸克和1个d 夸克组成16、在光滑水平地面上有两个相同的弹性小球A 、B ,质量都为m 。
现B 球静止,A 球向B 球运动,发生正碰。
已知碰撞过程中总机械能守恒,两球压缩最紧时的弹性势能为E P ,则碰前A 球的速度等于AmE p BmE p 2 C 2mE p D 2mE p 217.图中EF 、GH 为平行的金属导轨,其电阻可不计,R 为电阻器,C 为电容器,AB 为可在EF 和CH 上滑动的导体横杆。
有均匀磁场垂直于导轨平面。
若用I 1和I 2分别表示图中该处导线中的电流,则当横杆ABA 匀速滑动时,I 1=0,I 2=0B 匀速滑动时,I 1≠0,I 2≠0C 加速滑动时,I 1=0,I 2=0D 加速滑动时,I 1≠0,I 2≠018.质点所受的力F 随时间变化的规律如图所示,力的方向始终在一直线上。
已知t =0时质点的速度为零。
在图示t 1、t 2、t 3和t 4各时刻中,哪一时刻质点的动能最大?A t 1B t 2C t 3D t 419.为了观察门外情况,有人在门上开一小圆孔,将一块圆柱形玻璃嵌入其中,圆柱体轴线与门面垂直。
从圆柱底面中心看出去,可以看到的门外入射光线与轴线间的最大夹角称做视场角。
2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 英语试题本试卷分第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择题)两部分。
第一卷(三部分,共115分)注意事项:1.答第一卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
不能答在试卷上。
3.考试结束,考生仅将答题卡交回。
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)作题时,先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面五段对话。
每段对话后有一小题,从题中所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Who is Chris Paine?A. A computer engineerB. A book sellerC. A writer2.What are the two speakers talking about?A. A football player.B. A football teamC. A football match3. Why did the woman buy a heavy coat for Jimmy?A .W inter is coming soon B. Jimmy’ll go into the mountain.C. Jimmy has caught a cold.4. Where is the woman?A. In a soap factoryB. In her houseC. At an information5. When is the man checking in?A. FridayB. ThursdayC. Tuesday第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷.综)
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)综合能力测试试卷(理科使用)第Ⅰ卷一、选择题四.改革开放以来,我国人民生活水平和生活质量有了较大的改善,电冰箱、空调机、电视机等家用电器得到了普遍使用。
10.下列有关各种家用电器性能的判断中,正确的是A 空调机和电风扇都可以降低室温B 微波炉产生的微波是波长很短的机械波C 电视机和收音机都能接收电磁波D 电冰箱的耗电量夏天与冬天一样多11.下面列出了不同品牌的电视机、电风扇、空调机和电冰箱铭牌上的主要项目,试判断正常工作时,其中功率最大的是12.根据上题铭牌上提供的信息,判断在12小时内正常使用的电冰箱与连续运转的电风扇消耗电能的情况是A 电冰箱比电风扇多B 电风扇比电冰箱多C 电风扇与电冰箱一样多D 电冰箱比电风扇可能多,也可能少13.如果收音机不能正常工作,需要判断干电池是否已经报废,可取出一节干电池用多用表来测量它的电动势,下列步骤中正确的是①把多用表的选择开关置于交流500V档或置于OFF档②把多用表的红表笔和干电池的负极接触,黑表笔与正极接触③把多用表的红表笔和干电池的正极接触,黑表笔与负极接触④在表盘上读出电压值⑤把多用表的选择开关置于直流25V档⑥把多用表的选择开关置于直流5V档A ⑤③④①B ②⑤①④C ⑥③④①D ⑥②④①五.右图是上海锦江乐园新建的“摩天转轮”,它的直径达98米;世界排名第五。
游人乘坐时,转轮始终不停地匀速转动,每转一周用时25分钟,每个箱轿共有6个座位。
14.试判断下列说法中正确的是A 每时每刻,每个人受到的合力都不等于零B 每个乘客都在做加速度为零的匀速运动C 乘客在乘坐过程中对座位的压力始终不变D 乘客在乘坐过程中的机械能始终保持不变15.从图上可以估算出“摩天转轮”座位总数为A 300座B 336座C 378座D 408座第Ⅱ卷十.(本题共12分)四十四年了,经过几代人的努力,中国人终于在五里河体育场喊出“世界杯,我们来了!”30.足球守门员在发球门球时,将一个静止的质量为0.4kg的足球,以10m/s的速度踢出,这时足球获得的动能是J。
(上海卷)2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海语文一、阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成1—5题(10分)第一次读一本难读的书的时候,要毫不停顿地把它读完,注意你所能了解的部分,不要因为某一部分立即领悟而停顿。
照这个方法继续下去,把全书读完,别让你抓不住的段落、注解、论点及参考资料吓坏。
如果你因这些障碍而停止,如果你就此卡住,你便会迷失方向。
大多数情况下,你死粘在上面不见得就能解开谜底。
当第二次再读时你就有机会了解它,但你必须把整本书读完一遍才行。
要尽可能迅速而轻易地打破一本书的硬壳,才能体会出它的情感及一般意义,才能适应它的结构。
这是我所知道的最实用的方法。
你耽误多久,便需要多久来了解这本书的整体意义。
在你能看出各部分真正的透视图——或往往在你能看出任何图象——之前,你必须对这部书的整体有一个粗略的了解。
莎士比亚的作品曾经多次受到糟蹋,因为许多代的高中生大都被迫一遍又一遍地阅读《汉姆雷特》或《麦克佩斯》等剧本,被迫查出所有的生字,被迫研究所有的学术注解。
结果是他们从未真正地读完这些剧本,相反,他们被迫拖着一点一点地啃,历时数星期之久,等他们读完剧本的结尾,一定早忘了开头。
应该有人鼓励他们一口气读完,惟有这样,他们才能对剧本有一个充分的了解。
你一口气读完一本书所获得的了解,即使只有50%或更少——完全可以帮助你进一步尝试找寻第一遍所跳过的地方。
事实上,你会像游客在陌生的地方旅行一样,若曾到过某一地带,你就可以从以前所不知道的道路再去探险,只有这样,你才不至于把岔路看成干道,也不会被中午的影子所欺骗,因为你记得它们在日落时的景象,你所塑造的内心地图会指引你,谷地与山丘是如何构成整个风景的一部分的。
很快读完第一遍并不神奇,也不会造成奇迹,更不能用以取代一本好书的精读,然而,迅速读完第一遍可以使以后的精读更加容易。
这种练习会帮助你在着手读书时保持警觉。
你有多少次翻看一页又一页,心里却在做着白日梦,对你看过的东西毫无印象?如果你让自己被动地瞟完一本书,就势必会发生这种现象。
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)综合能力测试试卷化学(理科使用)
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)综合能力测试试卷(理科使用)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。
全卷共10页,满分为150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(共81分)六.在当今社会生活中,化学越来越显示出它的重要性和独特悉力。
16.人体血红蛋白中含有Fe2+离子,如果误食亚硝酸盐,会使人中毒,因为亚硝酸盐会使Fe2+离子转变成Fe3+离子,生成高铁血红蛋白而丧失与O2结合的能力。
服用维生素C可缓解亚硝酸盐的中毒,这说明维生素C具有A酸性 B 碱性 C 氧化性 D 还原性17.历史上最早应用的还原性染料是靛蓝,其结构简式如图所示,下列关于靛蓝的叙述中错误的是A靛蓝由碳、氢、氧、氮四种元素组成B 它的分子式是C16H10N2O2C 该物质是高分子化合物D 它是不饱和的有机物18.下列选项中说明乙醇作为燃料的优点的是①燃烧时发生氧化反应②充分燃烧的产物不污染环境③乙醇是一种再生能源④燃烧时放出大量热量A①②③ B ①②④ C ①③④ D ②③④19.航天飞机用铝粉与高氯酸铵(NH4ClO4)的混合物为固体燃料,点燃时铝粉氧化放热引发高氯酸铵反应,其方程式可表示为:2NHClO4N2↑+4H2O+Cl2↑+2O2↑+Q。
下列对此反应的叙述中错误的是A上述反应属于分解反应B 上述反应瞬间产生大量高温气体推动航天飞机飞行C 反应从能量变化上说,主要是化学能转变为热能和动能D 在反应中高氯酸铵只起氧化剂作用七.化学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学,实验推动着化学的发展,而且通过实验能培养我们观察、推理、设计、创新能力和实事求是的态度。
20.双球洗气管是一种多用途仪器,常用于去除杂质、气体干燥、气体吸收(能防止倒吸)等实验操作。
右图是用水吸收下列某气体时的情形,根据下面附表判断由左方进入的被吸收气体是A Cl2B HClC H2SD CO2附:四种气体的溶解度表(室温下)。
214K+离子的颜色,他设计的下列实验步骤中没有意义的是A将高锰酸钾晶体加热分解,所得固体质量减少B 观察氯化钾溶液没有颜色,表明溶液中K+无色C 在氯化钾溶液中加入适量锌粉振荡,静置后未见明显变化,表明锌与K+无反应D 在高锰酸钾溶液中加入适量锌粉振荡,静置后见紫红色褪去,表明MnO4-离子为紫红色第Ⅱ卷(共69分)考生注意:第Ⅱ卷从28小题到50小题,本卷中的选择题均为单选题。
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)地理试卷考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必将姓名、准考证号、校验码等填写清楚。
2.本试卷共10页,满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
考生应用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
一、选择题(共50分,每小题2分)第1~20小题,每题只有1个正确答案,将代表正确答案的字母填入相应的括号内1.2002年5月20日宣布独立的东帝汶民主共和国位于A.琉球群岛B.马来群岛C.西印度群岛D.阿留申群岛2.下列平原中,主要由侵蚀作用形成的是A.东欧平原B.亚马孙平原C.密西西比平原D.印度河-恒河平原3.下列城市中,按工矿城、农林城、旅游城顺序排列的一组专业性城市是A.徐州-郑州-杭州B.长春-伊春-宜春C.鞍山-劳山-黄山D.金昌-南昌-西昌4.7月9日太阳直射点的纬度位置和行将移动的方向是A.在北半球,将向北移动B.在南半球,将向北移动C.在北半球,将向南移动D.在南半球,将向南移动5.下列关于美国农业的叙述,不正确的是A.粮食总产量居世界首位B.畜牧业产值居世界首位C.小麦出口量居世界首位D.农业生产高度专业化6.下列港口与所临海域相符合的是A.马赛-大西洋B.鹿特丹-北海C.汉堡-地中海D.符拉迪沃斯托克-北冰洋7.世界上最大的区域性贸易集团是A.欧洲联盟(UN)B.世界贸易组织(WTO)C.石油输出国组织(OPEC)D.东南亚国家联盟(ASEAN)8.下列城市所在国为世界主要粮食出口国的是A圣保罗B.亚历山大C.蒙特利尔D.圣彼得堡9.世界旅游业最发达的大洲是A.亚洲B.欧洲C.非洲D.北美洲10.下列组合中,两地主要产业部门不相一致的是A.福山-匹兹堡B.丰田-底特律C.硅谷-九州岛D.休斯敦-长崎11.与北美洲相比,下列气候类型中,亚洲缺失的是A.极地气候B.地中海气候C.热带雨林气候D.温带海洋性气候12.下列关于我国农产品生产基地分布的叙述,正确的是A.糖料作物基地集中在华南地区B.全国性商品棉基地集中在西北内陆C.全国性商品粮基地分散在各大农业区D.饮料作物——茶叶主要产区在南方丘陵山地13.下列叙述,符合我国水资源时空分布特征的是A.夏秋多,北方多B.冬春多,东部多C.夏秋少,南部少D.冬春少,西部少14.“导航、授时和测距全球定位系统”(GPS)由24颗卫星组成,分布在6个轨道平面上绕地球运转,接受并传递信息。
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷理科)
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)数 学(理工农医类含文科)考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必将姓名、高考准考证号、校验码等填写清楚。
2.本试卷共22道题,满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
一、填空题(本大题满分48分)本大题共有12题,只要求直接填写结果,每个空格填对得4分,否则一律得零分。
1.若z ∈c, 且(3+z) i =1(i 为虚数单位),则z =______________。
2.已知向量和和夹角为1200,且=2,=5,则(2-)·=________。
3.方程log 3(1-2·3x)=2x+1的解x=__________.4.若正四棱锥的底面边长23cm,体积为4cm 3,则它的侧面积与底面所成的二面角的大小为__________。
5.在二项式n )x 31(+和n )5x 2(+的展开式中,各项系数之和分别记为,n b n a 、n 是正整数,则lim_________nb 4n a 3nb 2n a =--。
6.已知圆12y 2)1x (=++和圆外一点P (0,2),过点P 作圆的切线,则两条切线夹交的正切值是__________。
7.某次花样滑冰比赛中,发生裁判受贿事件。
竞赛委员会决定将裁判由原来的9名增至14名,但只任取其中7名裁判的评分作为有效分。
若14名裁判中有2人受贿,则有效分中没有受贿裁判的评分的概率是__________。
(结果用数值表示)8.曲线为参数)t (1t 2y 12t x ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+=-=的焦点坐标是_________。
8.(文科)抛物线(y-1)2=4(x+1)的焦点坐标是____________。
9.若A 、B 两点的极坐标为A (4,3π)、B (6,0),则AB 中点的极坐标是___________。
(极坐标用反三角函数值表示)工序 a b c d e f 紧前工序 — — a 、b c c d 、e 工时数(天)23254110.设函数f(x)=sin2x.若f(x+t)设偶函数,则t 的一个可能值设______________。
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)化学试卷2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)化学
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)化学试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1~4页)和第Ⅱ卷(第5~10页)两部分。
全卷共10页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷(共66分)考生注意:1.答第Ⅰ卷前。
考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2.第Ⅰ卷(1~22题),由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号—一对应,不能错位。
答案需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。
答案不能写在试卷上,写在试卷上一律不给分。
相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Cu-64一、选择题(本题共10分),每小题2分,只有一个正确选项,答案涂写在答题纸上。
1.为维持人体内电解质平衡,人在大量出汗后应及时补充的离子是A Mg2+B Ca2+C Na+D Fe3+2.C60与现代足球有很相似的结构,它与石墨互为A 同位素B 同素异形体C 同分异构体D 同系物3.下列表达方式错误的是A 甲烷的电子式B 氟化钠的电子式C 硫离子的核外电子排布式1s22s22p63s23p4D 碳-12原子12C64.将饱和FeCl3溶液分别滴入下述液体中,能形成胶体的是A 冷水B 沸水C NaOH浓溶液D NaCl浓溶液5.两次获得诺贝尔奖,在化学界享有盛名的科学家是A 爱因斯坦B 达尔文C 居里夫人D 欧拉二、选择题(本题共36分),每小题3分,只有一个正确选项,答案涂写在答题纸上。
6.有人认为在元素周期表中,位于ⅠA族的氢元素,也可以放在ⅦA族,下列物质能支持这种观点的是A HFB H3O+C NaHD H2O27.在下列有关晶体的叙述中错误的是A 离子晶体中,一定存在离子键B 原子晶体中,只存在共价键C 金属晶体的熔沸点均很高D 稀有气体的原子能形成分子晶体8.N A为阿佛加德罗常数,下述正确的是A 80g硝酸铵含有氮原子数为2N AB 1L 1mol/L的盐酸溶液中,所含氯化氢分子数为N AC 标准状况下,11.2L四氯化碳所含分子数为0.5 N AD 在铜与硫的反应中,1mol铜失去的电子数为2 N A9.在pH=1的无色溶液中能大量共存的离子组是A NH4+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-B Ba2+、K+、OH-、NO3-C Al3+、Cu2+、SO42-、Cl-D Na+、Ca2+、Cl-、AlO2-10.水的状态除了气、液和固态外,还有玻璃态。
2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语上海卷
2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海卷)英语第Ⅰ卷(共110分)Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $1.50. B. $2. C. $3. D. $4.50.2. A. The weather was miserable all day.B. The weather was fine in the afternoon.C. The trip was on Sunday afternoon.D. She made a trip with heavy luggage.3. A. Japan. B. China. C. Canada. D. France.4. A. She is popular with children.B. She has always been popular.C. She had a surprise party.D. She was surprised by the party.5. A. In a restaurant. B. On a train.C. At a bus stop.D. At the airport.6. A. He needs some change.B. He seldom counts his money.C. He doesn't have that much cash.D. He owes the woman twenty dollars.7. A. Jack is clever. B. Tom is reliable.C. Tom is honest.D. Jack is dependable.8. A. Brother and sister.B. Boss and secretary.C. Interviewer and interviewee.D. Pop star and fan.9. A. Heavy jackets are now on sale.B. She is waiting for winter to arrive.C. It's hard to get a heavy jacket.D. She needs a warm jacket.10. A. He will continue his work on vacation.B. Papers piled while he was on vacation.C. He has too much work to do.D. He has made his vacation plans.Part B Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part B, you will hear two longer conversations. After each conversation, you will be asked two questions. The conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following conversation.11. A. He was driving beyond the speed limit.B. He was going 25 in a school zone.C. He went through a red light.D. He was driving his father's car.12. A. He was worried about his driving record.B. He couldn't pay for the speeding ticket.C. He had too many speeding tickets already.D. His father would be angry with him.Questions 13 and 14 are based on the following conversation.13. A. To urge John to talk more with his father.B. To help John forget his trouble.C. To help John get rid of his loneliness.D. To share her feelings with John.14. A. Parents nowadays are too busy.B. The generation gap always exists.C. Family problems are hard to solve.D. Communication is necessary at home.Part C PassagesDirections: In Part C, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. Last night. B. At the age of 20.C. At the age of 9.D. A couple of weeks ago.16. A. Because she liked it at their age.B. Because it was a story about animals.C. Became it was a fun story.D. Became it was a Disney film.17. A. Romeo and Juliet.B. A love story between two dogs.C. Different lives of two dogs.D. Children and dogs.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following news.18. A. The students planted trees.B. The students helped the litter control.C. The students had little control over the event.D. The Forest Park was green and clean.19. A. Schools have access to the World Wide Web.B. Students' paintings are on show.C. The Minister visited the painting exhibition.D. The government reached a decision last month.20. A. Low pay. B. Long work hours.C. Little respect.D. Fear of losing jobs.Ⅱ. GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basicword formation.A. /B. theC. aD. one22. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain __________ an inch.A. byB. atC. toD. from23. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he __________ from the university nextyear.A. will graduateB. will have graduatedC. graduatesD. is to graduate24. I feel it is your husband who __________ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame25. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving__________ their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having made26. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, __________.A. the more for life are you equippedB. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped forD. you are equipped the more for life27. It has been announced that candidates __________ remain in their seats until all the papers havebeen collected.A. canB. willC. mayD. shall28. Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera, __________?A. is heB. isn't heC. doesn't sheD. does she29. -- Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?-- It __________.A. all dependB. all dependsC. is all dependedD. is all depending30. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster __________ if a mirror was broken.A. was sure of strikingB. was sure of having struckC. was sure to be struckD. was sure to strike31. Alec asked the policeman __________ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with himB. whoC. with whomD. whom32. -- You forgot your purse when you went out.-- Good heavens, __________.A. so, did IB. so I didC. I did soD. I so did33. Though __________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in34. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases __________ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known35. There's a feeling in me __________ we'll never know what a UFO is -- not ever.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. what36. He was about to tell me the secret __________ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. untilC. whileD. when37. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I __________ in love, at the age ofseven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn't have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall38. __________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed39. __________ be sent to work there?A. Who do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should40. Perseverance is a kind of quality -- and that's __________ it takes to do anything well.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. whyⅢ. VocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.41. Sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is __________.A. uniqueB. essentialC. naturalD. adequate42. Mary finally __________ Bruce as her life-long companion.A. receivedB. acceptedC. madeD. honoured43. The secret of his success is that he does everything __________.A. efficientlyB. curiouslyC. anxiouslyD. sufficiently44. Go and join in the party, __________ it to me to do the washing-up.A. GetB. RemainC. LeaveD. Send45. To regain their __________ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass.A. forceB. energyC. powerD. health46. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily__________ and effect.A. reasonB. impactC. factD. cause47. Every new __________ has the possibility of making or losing money.A. eventB. ventureC. adventureD. expectation48. Whatever rank you may be in, it would be wrong to __________ the law into your own hands.A. bringB. holdC. takeD. seize49. The shopkeeper gave us __________ weight: we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.A. scarceB. shortC. lightD. slight50. Can you make a sentence to the meaning of the phrase?A. show offB. turn outC. bring outD. take inⅣ. ClozeDirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldn’t have done or something you didn’t do which you should have? At one time or another we probably all have. There’s no _51__ in getting depressed about it now -it’s no __52__ crying over spilt (溢出的) milk. However, there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why __53__ we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future.One thing we all do now and again is to lose our __54__ with a friend or close relative. The odd thing is that we more often display great __55__ towards someone we are fond of than towards __56__ . The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to __57__ a bit of steam in a safe environment, while the consequences (后果) of __58__ a stranger could be far more serious.Being honest is usually thought of as a virtue (美德) and undoubtedly this is the __59__. On the other hand , we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly that we feel, and then have found ourselves filled with feelings of __60__. Perhaps we should have kept out mouths shut?51. A. reason B. purpose C. point D. result52. A. use B. help C. value D. benefit53. A. so B. because C. but D. though54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues57. A. run through B. throw away C. give up D. let off58. A. inviting B. insulting C. speaking to D. believing in59. A. issue B. case C. event D. factor60. A. excitement B. happiness C. pride D. guilt(B)Several factors make a good newspaper story. First -obviously -it must be new. But since TV can react to events so quickly, this is often a problem for __61__ . They usually respond to itin one of three ways.●By providing __62__ detail, comment or background information.●By finding a new __63__ on the day’s major stories.●By printing completely different stories which TV doesn’t broadcast.What else? Well -it also has to be __64__ . People don’t want to read about ordinary. Everyday lift. Because of this, many stories __65__ some kind of conflict or danger. This is one reason why so much news seems to be __66__ news. “Plane lands safely-no-one hurt” doesn’t sell new spapers. “Plane __67__ -200 feared dead!” does.Next, there’s human interest. People are interested in other __68__ -particularly in the rich, famous and powerful. Stories about the private lives of pop singers, actors, models, politicians, __69__, all appear regularly in certain newspapers.Finally, for many editors, __70__ is an important factor, too. They prefer stories about people, places and events which their readers know. That’s why the stories in Tokyo’s newspapers are often very different from the stories printed in Paris, Cairo, New York or Buenos Aires.61. A. newspapers B. publications C. reporters D. broadcasters62. A. extra B. available C. inaccessible D. memorable63. A. direction B. look C. angle D. section64. A. tragic B. dramatic C. professional D. sensitive65. A. quote B. neglect C. increase D. involve66. A. good B. bad C. exciting D. informative67. A. crashes B. bumps C. strikes D. drops68. A. places B. people C. things D. news69. A. in addition B. in any case C. for example D. after all70. A. personality B. similarity C. uniqueness D. familiarity Ⅴ. Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the awaiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time.Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station’s competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to marry without having met each other. MissGermaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27. is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar “experiment” organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England, Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio. The took a lie detector (测谎仪) test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges included and astrologer (占星家) who declared that they were suited.The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.Organizations, including the marriage guidance service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, “We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love. ”The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a year’s free use of a wonderful apartment in the center of Birmingham and a car. But will it last?71. How did the couple’s parents react to the wedding?A. The bride’s mother shared their joy.B. The bride’s father felt uncom fortable about the wedding.C. The bridegroom’s parents were quite delighted.D. The bridegroom’s parents were not that joyful.72. Some experts believe that _____.A. marriage without the couple’s meeting each other first ends up in divorce .B. young people nowadays are too careless about marriageC. taking a lie detector test can not solve all the marriage problemsD. most young people take marriage seriously except this couple .73. One of the prizes for the couple is .A. to spend their honeymoon wherever they likeB. to use an apartment free for some timeC. to have a wedding dress freeD. to own an American sports car74. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Two Strangers and a WeddingB. A Wedding Based on loveC. A Short-lived MarriageD. A Well-Matched Couple(B)In July 1994 Jupiter , the largest planet in our solar system , was struck by 21 pieces of a comet (彗星). When the fragments (碎片) landed in the southern part of the giant planet , the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth , But what if our own planet was hit by a comet ?The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic.On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions .As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years .Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosa urs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?75. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the author’s description of the disaster in2094?A. The whole world becomes extremely cold.B. All the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed.C. The whole mankind becomes extinct.D. The visit of the comet results in wars.76. Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?A. Because they could only live in the warm climate.B. Because they once dominated the earth.C. Because their extinction indicates future disasters.D. Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age77. In writing the passage, the author intends to .A. give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the futureB. prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyedC. tell the historical development of the EarthD. warn of a possible disaster in the future .78. It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) .A. horror storyB. news reportC. research paperD. article of popular science(C)Passport ControlIf you are arriving at London Heathrow Airport and are not transferring (转换) to another flight outside Britain or Northern Ireland , you must pass through Passport Control and Customs (海关)immediately after leaving your plane . If you are not British or a citizen of the European Community, you must fill out a special form before your passport is examined. This form is called a landing card and should be given to you during the flight to London.After landing, follow the ARRIVALS signs. Make sure you are in the right channel when you reach Passport Control. There is one channel for holders of European Community passports. A nd a second channel marked“Other Passports”.Baggage Reclaim (行李领取) AreaAfter passing through Passport Control, follow the signs to the Baggage Reclaim Area. If you have luggage which was carried in the aircraft along with other cargo, it will be delivered to you in the Baggage Reclaim Area. Look for the sign with your flight number. If you have only hand luggage, go directly through the Baggage Reclaim Area to Customs.CustomsAll passengers must pass through Customs after Passport Control. There is a choice of two channels. Green and Red. If you have nothing to declare, go through the Green Channel. If you are not sure about your Duty Free allowances (免税额) ,or if you have something to declare , go through the Red Channel . Information about Duty Free allowances can be found on special notice-boards in the Baggage Reclaim Area. You should study this information carefully whether you are going through the Red Channel or not. Please note that if you go through the Green Channel, You may be stopped and asked to open your luggage for inspection.79. When a Chinese traveler is arriving at Heathrow Airport for a trip in London, he must .A. fill out a landing card firstB. pass through Customs before Passport ControlC. walk through the Red ChannelD. immediately reclaim his baggage after landing80. Those who are not sure about their Duty Free allowancesA. can check the information in the Baggage Reclaim AreaB. need to go through the Green ChannelC. will be asked to open the luggage for inspectionD. can do as those who have nothing to declare81. Which of the following travelers DO NOT have to go through Passport Control and Customs?A. People traveling straight to London.B. Holders of European Community passports.C. Passengers transferring to a city in Ireland.D. Passengers only with some hand luggage.(D)Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyze their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer, ” explains the professor, “ People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and the n put on her ear-rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme .” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Twenty per cent of all errors were “test failures”-primarily due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on -much to his surprise . A woman victim reported : “ I got into the bath with my socks on .”The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “ captured ” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.82. The purpose of Professor Reason’s research is.A. to show the difference between men and women in their reasoningB. to classify and explain some errors in human actionsC. to find the causes which lead to computer failuresD. to compare computer functions with brain workings.83. Which of the following might be grouped under “programme assembly failures”?A. A woman went into a shop and forgot what to buy.B. A man returning home after work left his key in the lock.C. A lady fell as she was concentrating on each step her feet were taking.D. An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.84. The word “verifying” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by.A. improvingB. changingC. checkingD. stopping85. According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to.A. the destruction of information collecting systemB. the elimination of one’s total memoryC. the temporary loss of part of one’s memoryD. the separation of one’s action from consciousness第II卷(共40分)考生注意:1. 答第II卷前,考生务必将姓名、准考证号、校验码等填写清楚。
2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
2002年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语第一卷(三部分, 共115分)第一部分:听力(共两节, 满分30分)做题时, 先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题15分, 满分75分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.£19. 15.B. £9. 15.C. £9. 18.答案是B。
1. Who is Chris Paine?A. A computer engineer.B. A book seller.C. A writer.2. What are the two speakers talking about?A. A football player.B. A football team.C. A football match.3. Why did the woman buy a heavy coat for Jimmy?A. Winter is coming soon.B. Jimmy'll go into the mountains.C. Jimmy has caughta cold.4. Where is the woman?A. In a soap factory.B. In her house.C. At an information desk.5. When is the man checking in?A. Friday.B. Thursday.C. Tuesday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分, 满分225分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)生物学试卷
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)生物学试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1~4页)和第Ⅱ卷(第5~10页)两部分。
全卷共10页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(共60分)考生注意:1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚切写姓名、准考证号、校验码,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2.第Ⅰ卷(1~33题),由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题纷上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应,不能错位。
答题需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,在新选择。
答案不能写在试卷上,写在试卷上一律不给分。
一.单选题(共60分。
每小题只有一个正确选项)(一)1分题(共11题)1.苍蝇、蚊子的后翅退化成平衡棒,可在飞行中保证身体稳定。
决定这种特征出现的根本原因是A 适应环境B 新陈代谢C 应激性D 遗传变异2.绿色植物在暗室中不能A 生长B 呼吸C 合成叶绿素D 吸收矿质元素3.维持高等动物第二性征的物质属于A 核酸B 糖类 B 蛋白质 D 脂类4.右图为动物细胞示意图,它属于A 第二极体B 卵原细胞C 第一极体D 卵细胞5.大豆根尖细胞所含的核酸中,含有碱基A、G、C、T的核苷酸种类数共有A 8B 7C 5D 46.科学家将雌黑鼠乳腺细胞的细胞核移人白鼠去核的卵细胞内,待发育成早期胚胎后移植入褐鼠的子宫,该褐鼠产下小鼠的体色和性别是A 黑、雌B 褐、雌C 白、雄D 黑、雄7.催化脂肪酸水解的酶是A 肽酶B 蛋白酶C 脂肪酸D 淀粉酶8.海水退潮后露出的海边岩石上有各种海藻附着,它们从上到下呈带状水平分布,造成这种现象的原因是不同深度的海水A 温度不同B 盐度不同C 含氧量不同D 光谱成份不同9.2002年世界杯足球赛时,球员踢球瞬间,神经冲动在神经纤维上的传导形式是A 静息电位B 动作电位C 突触传导D 反射弧10.常温常压下,要使过氧化氢溶液迅速放出大量的氧气,应投入A 新鲜猪肝B 煮熟猪肝C 冰冻猪肝D 生锈铁钉11.右图是一种哺乳动物,根根其形态特征,这种动物最可能具有的行为习性是A 夜行性、匍匐行走B 夜行性、跳跃行走C 昼行性、跳跃行走D 昼行性、匍匐行走(二)2分题(共17题)12.人体血液中不可能出现的物质是A 纤维素B 尿素C 激素D 维生素13.饮酒过量的人表现为语无伦次、走路不稳、呼吸急促,在①大脑②小脑③脑子三个结构中,与此反应相对应的结构分别是A ③②①B ②①③C ③①②D ①②③14.下列叙述中正确的是A ATP分子聚集能量和释放能量过程中都与磷酸分子有关B 在生态系统中能量往往伴随着物质而循环利用C 在光合作用中光能以它原来的形式储存于糖类中D 叶绿体既进行光合作用又进行呼吸作用15.下列疾病与人体激素分泌异常无关的是①水俣病②镰刀形贫血症③糖尿病④呆小症⑤夜盲症⑤巨人症A ①②⑤B ④⑤⑥C ③④⑥D ①⑤⑥16.下列四项中,能用于观察四分体的实验材料是A 蓖麻籽种仁B 洋葱根尖C 菠菜幼叶D 蝗虫的精巢17.紫色洋葱外表皮细胞的色素存在于细胞的A 细胞膜B 细胞质基质C 液泡D 细胞核18.下列生理活动与蛋白质功能无关的是A 氧气在血液中的运输B CO2进入叶绿体C 葡萄糖在细胞内氧化分解D 细胞识别19.噬菌体外壳的合成场所是A 细菌的核糖体B 噬菌体的核糖体C 噬菌体基质D 细菌的核区20.班氏丝虫寄生在人体淋巴管内后,常造成人体下肢肿胀,这是由于A 细胞将不能接受氨基酸B 组织间隙积聚液体C 不能消化脂肪D 组织内葡萄糖浓度升高21.已知一段mRNA含有30个碱基,其中A和G有12个,转录该段mRNA的DNA分子中应有C和T的个数是A 12B 24C 18D 3022.基因研究最新发现表明,人与小鼠的基因约80%相同。
2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海卷综
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)综合能力测试试卷(理科使用)第Ⅰ卷(共81分)八.2000年6月,包括中国在内的六国政府和有关科学家宣布,人类已完成对自身细胞中24条染色体的脱氧核苷酸序列的测定,人类基因组草图绘制成功。
22.含有被测基因的细胞结构是A 高尔基体B 核糖体C 细胞质D 细胞核23.被检测的脱氧核苷酸所含有的碱基是A 腺嘌呤鸟嘌呤胞嘧啶胸腺嘧啶B 腺嘌呤鸟嘌呤尿嘧啶胸腺嘧啶C 腺嘌呤鸟嘌呤胞嘧啶尿嘧啶D 腺嘌呤尿嘧啶胞嘧啶胸腺嘧啶24.右图为果蝇染色体图,若要对此果蝇进行染色体的脱氧核苷酸序列的测定,那么需要测定的染色体是A Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、YB Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、XC Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、X、YD Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅳ、X、Y九.近年来,控制体重和科学减肥已成为市民的热门话题。
现代医学研究表明,肥胖会增加糖尿病、心脏病、脑溢血等疾病的发生率。
25.从新陈代谢的角度看,身体长胖的原因是A 同化作用大于异化作用B 异化作用大于同化作用C 分解代谢大于合成代谢D 分解代谢等于合成代谢26.在减肥和预防肥胖的方法中,正确的是①加强体育锻炼,养成体育锻炼的习惯②改变不良的生活方式(如作息时间安排不当、长时间看电视等)③减少油腻食物的摄人量,大量进食谷物和蛋白质④在医生的指导下服用减肥药物A ①②③B ①③④C ①②④D ②③④27.在体育锻炼中,消耗的能量主要来自于A 脂肪B 磷脂C 葡萄糖D 蛋白质第Ⅱ卷(共69分)34.利用温室栽培是现代农业的特征之一,其基本设备如图。
在植物的不同生长阶段,要调整营养液中矿质元素成分。
植物吸收矿质元素的主要方式为,该方式与作用有关。
为促进植物对矿质元素的吸收,需对营养液采取措施。
35.农作物的生长需要铁、锰、硼、铜、钼等元素,它们或是酶的组成成分,或能提高酶的活性,对提高农产品的品质有重要作用。
硼肥主要是硼酸和硼砂,可直接将其水溶液施入土壤中。
在Mg、Al、Si中和硼元素属同主族的元素是。
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试 (上海卷)地理试卷
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)地理试卷考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必将姓名、准考证号、校验码等填写清楚。
2.本试卷共10页,满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
考生应用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
一、选择题(共50分,每小题2分)第1~20小题,每题只有1个正确答案,将代表正确答案的字母填入相应的括号内1.2002年5月20日宣布独立的东帝汶民主共和国位于A 琉球群岛B 马来群岛C 西印度群岛D 阿留申群岛2.下列平原中,主要由侵蚀作用形成的是A 东欧平原B 亚马孙平原C 密西西比平原D 印度河-恒河平原3.下列城市中,按工矿城、农林城、旅游城顺序排列的一组专业性城市是A 徐州-郑州-杭州B 长春-伊春-宜春C 鞍山-劳山-黄山D 金昌-南昌-西昌4.7月9日太阳直射点的纬度位置和行将移动的方向是A 在北半球,将向北移动B 在南半球,将向北移动C 在北半球,将向南移动D 在南半球,将向南移动5.下列关于美国农业的叙述,不正确的是A 粮食总产量居世界首位B 畜牧业产值居世界首位C 小麦出口量居世界首位D 农业生产高度专业化6.下列港口与所临海域相符合的是A 马赛-大西洋B 鹿特丹-北海C 汉堡-地中海D 符拉迪沃斯托克-北冰洋7.世界上最大的区域性贸易集团是A 欧洲联盟(UN)B 世界贸易组织(WTO)C 石油输出国组织(OPEC)D 东南亚国家联盟(ASEAN)8.下列城市所在国为世界主要粮食出口国的是A圣保罗 B 亚历山大 C 蒙特利尔 D 圣彼得堡9.世界旅游业最发达的大洲是A 亚洲B 欧洲C 非洲D 北美洲10.下列组合中,两地主要产业部门不相一致的是A 福山-匹兹堡B 丰田-底特律C 硅谷-九州岛D 休斯敦-长崎第1 页共12 页2018-10-2 19:3211.与北美洲相比,下列气候类型中,亚洲缺失的是A 极地气候B 地中海气候C 热带雨林气候D 温带海洋性气候12.下列关于我国农产品生产基地分布的叙述,正确的是A 糖料作物基地集中在华南地区B 全国性商品棉基地集中在西北内陆C 全国性商品粮基地分散在各大农业区D 饮料作物——茶叶主要产区在南方丘陵山地13.下列叙述,符合我国水资源时空分布特征的是A 夏秋多,北方多B 冬春多,东部多C 夏秋少,南部少D 冬春少,西部少14.“导航、授时和测距全球定位系统”(GPS)由24颗卫星组成,分布在6个轨道平面上绕地球运转,接受并传递信息。
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)
2002年普通高校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)历史试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1~4页)和第Ⅱ卷(第5~12页),共12页,满分为150分,考试时间为120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(共60分)考生注意:1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2.第Ⅰ卷(第1~27题)由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应,不能错位。
答案需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。
答案不能写在试卷上,写在试卷上一律不给分。
一、选择题(共60分,第1至21小题,每题2分;22至27小题,每题3分。
每题只有一个正确选项)1.我国境内原始人分布十分广阔,其中活动范围最为接近的是A 元谋人、蓝田人B 元谋人、北京人C 北京人、山顶洞人D 蓝田人、山顶洞人2.在下列历史事件中,导致王朝更替的是A 盘庚迁殷B 牧野之战C 周公东征D 共和行政3.以下主张明显体现春秋战国时期儒家思想的是A 仁者爱人,民贵君轻B 万物虚无,祸福相倚C 兼爱非攻,节用尚俭D 以法为教,今必胜昔4.南北朝时期,我国北方少数民族中通过汉化推动社会进步,影响最大的是A 鲜卑B 匈奴C 羯D 氐5.汉承秦制,唐袭隋规,都出现了盛世。
然而,秦朝与隋朝却二世而亡,其主要原因是A 周边少数民族入侵B 统治集团内讧变乱C 宦官擅权外戚临朝D 横征暴敛苛政黩武6.明太祖废丞相、撤行中书省的目的是A 健全地方职能B 厉行思想控制C 监视官吏百姓D 强化君主专制7.下列东西方交流的史实,按时间顺序发生在最后的是A 郑和率领部队出使西洋,到达西亚和非洲B 以“兰学”为名的西方科学知识传入日本C 马可·波罗行记介绍元朝大都的繁华景象D 中国“四大发明”经阿拉伯商人传人西方8.元朝和清朝为加强对台湾地区的管辖而采取的相同措施是A 设置行政机构B 抵御外国入侵C 实行改土归流D 册封宗教领袖9.太平天国定都天京后,举行北伐,只半年左右便逼近天津,威震北京,然而最终全军覆没,其主要原因是A 武器落后,装备简陋B 纪律松弛,军心涣散C 优柔寡断,贻误战机D 孤军深入,后援不继10.在英国,资本主义生产方式最终战胜封建生产方式的标志是A 圈地运动结束B 君主立宪制确立C 工业革命完成D “日不落”帝国形成11.近代史上,造成东西方经济差距日益拉大,使东方最终从属于西方的基本原因有(1)科学技术水平进步(2)资产阶级革命成功(2)无产阶级革命受挫(4)殖民主义疯狂掠夺A (1)(2)(3)B (2)(3)(4)C (1)(3)(4)D (1)(2)(4)12.晚清有御史上奏称:“近日人心浮动,民主民权之说日益猖獗。
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2002年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)数学考生注意:1.答卷前,考生务必在答题纸上将姓名、高考准考证号填写清楚,并在规定的区域内贴上条形码.2.本试卷共有22道试题,满分150分,考试时间120分钟.一、填空题(本大题满分48分)本大题共有12题,只要求直接填写结果,每个空格填对得4分,否则一律得零分. 1、若C z ∈,且()13=+i z (i 为虚数单位),则=z 3i --. 2、已知向量a 和b 的夹角为︒120,且5,2==b a ,则()=⋅-a b a213.3、方程()12321log 3+=⋅-x x的解=x 1-.4、若正四棱锥的底面边长为cm 32,体积为34cm ,则它的侧面与底面所成的二面角的大小是30︒.5、已知在二项式()n x 31+和()n x 52+的展开式中,各项系数之和分别记为n n b a ,,n 是正整数,则=--∞→nn nn n b a b a 432lim12.6、已知圆()1122=++y x 和圆外一点()2,0P ,过点P 作圆的切线,则两条切线夹角的正切值是43.7、在某次花样滑冰比赛中,发生裁判受贿事件。
竞赛委员会决定将裁判由原来的9名裁判增至14名,但只任取其中7名裁判的评分作为有效分,若14名裁判中有2人受贿,则有效分中没有受贿裁判的评分的概率是313. (结果用数值表示) 8、〖文〗抛物线()()1412+=-x y 的焦点坐标为()0,1.〖理〗曲线⎩⎨⎧+=-=1212t y t x (t 为参数)的焦点坐标是()0,1.9、〖文〗某工程由下列工序组成,则工程总时数为11天.〖理〗若B A ,两点的极坐标为()0,6,3,4B A ⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛π,则AB 中点的极坐标是⎭. (极角用反三角函数值表示)10、设函数()x x f 2sin =,若()t x f +是偶函数,则t 的一个可能值是()()3//.../21444k k Z πππ+∈.11、若数列{}n a 中,31=a ,且21n n a a =+(n 为正整数),则数列的通项=n a ()12*3n n N -∈.12、已知函数()x f y =(定义域为D ,值域为A )有反函数()x fy 1-=,则方程()0=x f 有解a x =,且()()D x x x f ∈>的充要条件为()x fy 1-=满足()()()110f a f x x x A --=<∈且.二、选择题(本大题满分16分)本大题共有4题,每题都给出代号为A 、B 、C 、D 的四个结论,其中有且仅有一个结论是正确的,必须把正确结论的代号写在题后的圆括号内,选对得4分,不选、选错或者选出的代号超过一个(无论是否都写在圆括号内)一律得零分.13、如图,在复平面中的阴影部分(含边界)对应的复数集合是下列四个中的————————————————(D )()A ⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧∈≥=C z z z z ,21Re ,1; ()B ⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧∈≥≤C z z z z ,21Re ,1()C ⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧∈≥=C z z z z ,21Im ,1; ()D ⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧∈≥≤C z z z z ,21Im ,1;14、已知直线l 、m ,平面α、β,且βα⊂⊥m l ,,给出下列四个命题: ⑴若α∥β,则l ⊥m ; ⑵若m l ⊥,则α∥β;⑶若βα⊥,则l ∥m ; ⑷若l ∥m ,则βα⊥;其中正确命题的个数是——————————————————————————————————————(B )()A 1个()B 2个 ()C 3个 ()D 4个15、函数x x y sin +=,[]ππ,-∈x 的大致图像是——————————————————————————(C )()A()B()C()D16、一般地,家庭用电量(千瓦时)与气温(C ︒)有一定的关系。
图(1)表示某年12个月中每月的平均气温,图(2)表示某家庭在这年12个月中每月的用电量。
根据这些信息,以下关于该家庭用电量与气温间关系的叙述中,正确的是———————————————————————————————(C )()A 气温最高时,用电量最多; ()B 气温最低时,用电量最少;()C 当气温大于某一值时,用电量随气温增高而增加; ()D 当气温小于某一值时,用电量随气温降低而增加;三、解答题(本大题满分86分)本大题共有6题,解答下列各题必须写出必要的步骤。
17、(本题满分12分)如图直三棱柱111O B A ABO -中,︒=∠===90,3,4,41AOB OB OA OO ,D 是线段11B A 的中点,P 是侧棱1BB 上一点,若BD OP ⊥,求OP 与底面 AOB 所成的角的大小.(结果用反三角函数值表示)参考解答:解法一:以O 为原点,建立空间直角坐标系,由题意有()3,0,0B,3,2,42D ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭, 设()3,0,P z ,则3,2,42BD ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,()3,0,OP z =.因为BD OP ⊥,所以9402BD OP z ⋅=-+= ,98z =.因为1BB ⊥平面AOB ,所以POB ∠是OP 与底面AOB 所成的角,3tan 8POB ∠=,所以POB ∠3arctan 8=. 解法二:取11O B 中点E ,连接,DE BE ,则DE ⊥平面11OBBO ,所以BE 是BD 在平面11OBBO 内的射影.又OP BD ⊥,由三垂线定理的逆定理得OP BE ⊥,在矩形11OBBO 中,易得1Rt OBP Rt BBE ∆≅∆, 所以11BP OBB E BB =,得98BP =.以下同解法一.18、(本题满分12分)已知点()0,3-A 和()0,3B ,动点C 到B A ,两点的距离之差的绝对值为2,直点C 的轨迹与线2-=x y 交于E D ,两点,求线段DE的长.参考解答:设点(),C x y ,则2CA CB -=±,根据双曲线的定义,可知点C 的轨迹是双曲线22221x y a b-=.由22,2a c AB ===,得221,2a b ==,故点C 的轨迹方程是22112x y -=. 由221122x y y x ⎧-=⎪⎨⎪=-⎩,得2460x x +-=,因为0∆>,所以直线与双曲线有两个交点,设()()1122,,,D x y E x y , 则124x x +=-,126x x =-,故DE ===.19、〖文〗(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分.已知函数()222++=ax x x f ,[]5,5-∈x ,⑴当1-=a 时,求函数()x f 的最大值与最小值;⑵求实数a 的取值范围,使()x f y =在区间[]5,5-上是单调函数.参考解答: ⑴当1a =-时,()()222211f x x x x =-+=-+,[]5,5x ∈-,所以1x =时,()f x 的最小值为1; 当5x =-时,()f x 的最大值为37.⑵函数()()222f x x a a =++-图像的对称轴为x a =-,因为()f x 在区间[]5,5-上是单调函数, 所以5a -≤-或5a -≥,故a 的取值范围是5a ≤-或5a ≥.〖理〗(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分.已知函数()22tan 1f x x x θ=+⋅-,[]3,1-∈x ,其中⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-∈2,2ππθ,⑴当6πθ-=时,求函数()x f 的最大值与最小值;⑵求θ的取值范围,使()x f y =在区间[]3,1-上是单调函数.参考解答:⑴当6πθ=-时,()2241,333f x x x x x ⎛⎡=--=--∈- ⎣ ⎝⎭, 所以x =时,()f x 的最小值为43-,当1x =-时,()f x ⑵函数()()22tan 1tan f x x θθ=+--图像的对称轴为tan x θ=-,因为()yf x =在区间⎡-⎣上是单调函数,所以tan 1θ-≤-或tan θ-≥tan1θ≥或tan θ≤θ的取值范围 是,,2342ππππ⎛⎤⎡⎫--⋃ ⎪⎥⎢⎝⎦⎣⎭.20、(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分10分.某商场在促销期间规定:商场内所有商品按标价的%80出售;同时,当顾客在该商场内消费满一定金额后,根据上述促销方法,顾客在该商场购买可以获得双重优惠。
例如,购买标价为元的商品,则消费金额为 元,获得的优惠额为:110302.0400=+⨯元,设购买商品得到的优惠率商品的标价购买商品获得的优惠额=。
试问:⑴购买一件标价为1000元的商品,顾客得到的优惠率是多少? ⑵对于标价在[]800500,(元)内的商品,顾客购买标价为多少元的商品,可得到不小于31的优惠率?参考解答: ⑴10000.213033%1000⨯+=;⑵设商品的标价为x 元,则500800x ≤≤,消费额:4000.8640x ≤≤,由已知得()0.260134000.8500x I x x +⎧≥⎪⎨⎪≤<⎩ 或()0.2100135000.8640x II x x +⎧≥⎪⎨⎪≤≤⎩,不等式()I 无解,不等式组()II 的解为625750x ≤≤,因此,当顾客购买标价在[]625,750元内的商品时,可得到不小于13的优惠率.21、(本题满分16分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分6分.已知函数()x b a x f ⋅=的图像过点()1,5,41,4B A ⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛,⑴求函数()x f 的解析式;⑵记()n f a n 2log =,n 是正整数,n S 是数列{}n a 的前n 项和,解关于n 的不等式0n n a S ⋅≤; ⑶〖文〗对于⑵中的n a 与n S ,整数96是否为数列{}n n S a 中的项?若是,则求出相应的项数;若不是,则说明理由.〖理〗对于⑵中的n a 与n S ,整数410是否为数列{}n n S a 中的项?若是,则求出相应的项数;若不是,则说明理由.参考解答:⑴由414a b =⋅,51a b =⋅得4b =,11024a =,故()41024x f x =.⑵由题意24log 2101024n n a n ⎛⎫==- ⎪⎝⎭,()()192n n nS a a n n =⋅+=⋅-,()()259n n a S n n n =⋅-⋅-. 由0n n a S ≤得()()590n n -⋅-≤,即59n ≤≤,所以5,6,7,8,9n =.⑶1164a S =,2284a S =,3372a S =,4440a S =,而当59n ≤≤时0n n a S ≤,〖文〗当10n ≥时,1010100n n a S a S ≥=,因此96不是数列{}n n S a 中的项.〖理〗当1022n ≤≤时42222972410n na S a S ≤=<,当23n ≥时,423231159210n n a S a S ≥=>.因此,410不是数列{}n n a S 中的项.22、(本题满分16分)本题共有3个小题,第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.规定()()!1...1m m x x x C mx+-⋅⋅-⋅=,其中R x ∈,m 是正整数,且10=x C ,这是组合数m n C(m n ,是正整数,且n m ≤)的一种推广,⑴求315-C 的值; ⑵〖文〗设0>x,当x 为何值时,()213xxC C 取得最小值?〖理〗组合数的两个性质:①m n n mnC C -=; ②mn m n m n C C C 11+-=+是否能推广到mx C (R x ∈,m 是正整数)的情形?若能推广,则写出推广的形式并给出证明;若不能,则说明理由;⑶〖文〗详见〖理〗⑵〖理〗已知组合数m n C 是正整数,证明:当Z x ∈,m 是正整数时,mxC Z ∈.参考解答: ⑴()()()31515191516...19116285!C C --⋅-⋅⋅-==-=-.⑵〖文〗()()()32211212366xx x x x C x x x C ⋅-⋅-⎛⎫==+- ⎪⎝⎭,因为0x >,2x x +≥当且仅当x =x =()213xxC C 取得最小值.〖理〗性质①不能推广,例如当x=1无意义; 性质②能推广,它的推广形式是11mm mx x x C C C -++=,x R ∈,m 是正整数,事实上: 当1m=时,有10111x x x C C x C ++=+=;当2m ≥时,()()()()()11...11...2!1!mm xx x x x m x x x m C C m m -⋅-⋅⋅-+⋅-⋅⋅-++=+- ()()()1...2111!x x x m x m m m ⋅-⋅⋅-+-+⎛⎫=⋅+ ⎪-⎝⎭()()()1...21!x x x m x m ⋅-⋅⋅-+⋅+=1mx C +=⑶〖文〗详见〖理〗⑵. 〖理〗当xm ≥时,组合数mx C Z ∈;当0x m ≤<时0mx C Z =∈;当0x <时因为10x m -+->,所以()()1...1!mxx x x m C m ⋅-⋅⋅-+=()()()()()11...111!m m m x m x m x x C Zm -+--+-⋅⋅-+⋅--⋅=-⋅∈.。