SAT官方指南OG词汇Test_1

OG TEST 1
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SECTION 2
1.2.1
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s ____ proved keenest when he accurately predicted that his books would someday appear in his native Russia.
A. foresight
B. nostalgia
C. folly
D. despair
E. artistry
1.2.2
The simple and direct images in Dorothea Lange’s photographs provide ____ reflection of a bygone social milieu.
A: an intricate
B: a candid
C: an ostentatious
D: a fictional
E: a convoluted
Ostentatious
Characterized by or given to ostentation; pretentious
炫耀的，夸耀的；自命不凡的
They were neither aggressive nor ostentatious.
他们不好斗, 也不爱炫耀自己。

See Synonyms at showy
参见showy
1.2.3
Kate’s impulsive nature and sudden whims led her friends to label her ____.
A. capricious
B. bombastic
C. loquacious
D. dispassionate
E. decorous
impulsive
Inclined to act on impulse rather than thought.
冲动的：容易受冲动而不是思考的驱使产生行动
an impulsive man
一个易冲动的人
whim
A sudden or capricious idea; a fancy
怪念头：突然或变化无常的想法；幻想
Bombastic
marked by or given to bombast : POMPOUS, OVERBLOWN
夸大的，言过其实的：夸大之词的
参见pompous, overblown
Dispassionate
Devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias
冷静的，不动感情的；公正的，不带偏见的：不带有或不受激情、感情或偏见影响的
A dispassionate judge
公正的裁判
1.2.4
Neurosurgeon Alexa Canady maintained that choosing a career was a visceral decision rather than ____ judgment; that is it was not so much rational as ____.
A.An emotional… intellectual
B. A chance… random
C.An intuitive… impulsive
D. A deliberate… instinctive
E.An intentional… logic
deliberate
Arising from or marked by careful consideration
深思熟虑的：经过谨慎考虑的
a deliberate decision
一个经过深思熟虑而做出的决定
See Synonyms at voluntary
参见voluntary
visceral
Instinctive
本能的
visceral needs
本能的需要
See Synonyms at instinctive
参见instinctive
Intuitive（OC1.2.3出现过）
Of, relating to, or arising from intuition; known or perceived through intuition
直觉的，有直觉能力的；通过直觉获知的
He seemed to have an intuitive knowledge of how I was feeling.
他好像凭直觉就知道我的感受。

派intuition
1.2.5
Creative business stratagems frequently become ____ as a result of ____, their versatility and adaptability destroyed by their transformation into rigid policies.
A. streamlined…infighting
B. mitigated…jingoism
C. ossified…bureaucratization
D. politicized…innovation
E. venerable…legislation
Infighting
Contentious rivalry or disagreement among members of a group or organization
内讧，内部分歧，勾心斗角：小组或组织内部的激烈的敌对或分歧
infighting on the President's staff
总统幕僚中的内讧
Politicize
To make political
使…具有政治性
The mayor was given authority to appoint police commissioners and by virtue of that power was able to politicize the department. (Connie Paige)
市长被授予任命警察长官的权力，因此其权力便能够使警察部门政治化。

——科尼佩齐
SECTION 5
1.5.1
Known for her ____, Miranda eagerly welcomes anyone into her home.
A. cowardice
B. prudence
C. hospitality
D. aloofness
E. loyalty
1.5.2
Not surprisingly, supporters of the governor’s plan to set aside land for a forest preserve were disappointed when a court decision ____ the plan.
A: applauded
B: derailed
C: acknowledged
D: permitted
E: anticipated
derail
(1)To run or cause to run off the rails
使…脱轨，使…出轨
(2)To come or bring to a sudden halt; (MW) to obstruct the progress of : FRUSTRATE
使突然停止；阻碍…的进程，使挫败，使受挫
a campaign derailed by lack of funds
一场由于缺乏经费而挫败的运动
1.5.3
Because playing a musical instrument increases brain activity, it is sometimes used as a ____ to promote learning in children.
A. condition
B. highlight
C. stimulus
D. dictum
E. respite
Dictum
An authoritative, often formal pronouncement
宣言，声明，格言：得到授权的，经常是正式的宣言
“He cites Augustine's dictum that, ‘if you understand it, it is not God.’” (Joseph Sobran)
“他引用奥古斯丁的格言，‘如果你能理解它，它就不会是上帝了。

’”——约瑟夫·索布兰
Respite
A usually short interval of rest or relief
暂缓，暂时休息：短暂的休息
The director gave the cast a short respite before the next scene.
导演让全体演员在下一场开始之前稍事休息。

See Synonyms at pause
参见pause
1.5.4
The ambassador argues that, in diplomacy, there is a subtle but important difference between a country’s showing a willingness to ____ an d a too-obvious readiness to make ____.
A.negotiate… concessions
B.antagonize… friends
C.surrender… enemies
D.dominate… inquiries
E.equivocate… denunciations
1.5.5
The dancer’s performing style was ____ and ____, with each move taken from another artist, and poorly executed at all.
A: rousing… memorable
B: pedestrian… evolving
C: chaotic … unprecedented
D: derivative … inept
E: spontaneous… graceless
1.5.6
Lewis Latimer’s inexpensive method of producing carbon filaments ____ the nascent electric industry by making electric lamps commercially ____.
A. cheapened…affordable
B. transformed…viable
C. revolutionized…prohibitive
D. provoked…improbable
E. stimulated…inaccessible
Prohibit（OC1.2.1出现过）
(1)So high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or use
价格昂贵的，买不起的：价格太高或负担太重以至于不能购买或使用的
prohibitive prices
昂贵的价格
Provoke
To incite to anger or resentment; to stir to action or feeling
激怒，煽动，挑拨：激起愤怒或憎恨；煽动起某种行动或感情
Probable
Likely to happen or to be true
可能发生的，可能为真的
War seemed probable in 1938.
战争看起来很有可能在1938年爆发。

The home team, far ahead, is the probable winner.
遥遥领先的主队很有可能成为获胜者。

派improbable
1.5.7
After winning the award, Philip adopted a haughty pose, treating even his best friends in a ____ manner.
A. cryptic
B. judicious
C. jubilant
D. supercilious
E. pugnacious
supercilious
Feeling or showing haughty disdain
自大的，傲慢的，目中无人的：感觉或表现出傲慢的鄙视
See Synonyms at proud
参见proud
cryptic
(1)Secret or occult
秘密的，神秘的，不公开的
(2)Having hidden meaning; mystifying.
意义模糊的：有隐藏含义的；使困惑的
See Synonyms at ambiguous
参见ambiguous
Judicious
Having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent
有判断力的，明智的；谨慎的
A judicious biography
一本明智的自传
Jubilant
Exultingly joyful; Expressing joy
欢腾的；喜悦的，喜气洋洋的
The whole nation is jubilant
举国上下一片欢腾。

1.5.8
The general was so widely suspected of ____ during the war that his name eventually became synonymous with disloyalty.
A.belligerent
B.indigence
C.perfidy
D.aspersion
E.tenacity
perfidy
Deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust; treachery
背信，不忠，背叛：故意违背信念；故意打破信任；背叛
Indigent
Experiencing want or need; impoverished
贫乏的，穷困的：经历一种缺乏或需要的状态；贫穷的
See Synonyms at poor
Asperse
To spread false or damaging charges or insinuations against
诽谤，中伤：传播错误的或伤害性的指责或暗示性信息
See Synonyms at malign
SECTION 9
1.9.1
The prose of Richard Wright’s autobiographical Black Boy (1945) is ____, free of stylistic tricks or evasiveness.
A. imprecise
B. straightforward
C. deficient
D. obtrusive
E. elliptical
evasive
Intentionally vague or ambiguous; equivocal
难以捉摸的，模糊的：故意造成模糊或不清晰的；模棱两可的，不明确的
an evasive statement
一份模糊的声明
Deficient
(1)Lacking an essential quality or element
有缺陷的，有缺点的：缺少必要的特征或元素
deficient in common sense
缺乏常识
(2)Inadequate in amount or degree; insufficient
缺乏的，不足的：在数量上或程度上不足的；不足够的
a deficient education
受教育程度不够
Obtrude
(1)To impose (oneself or one's ideas) on others with undue insistence or without invitation
强加，强迫，使接受：在不情愿或没有收到邀请的情况下（将观点等）强加于别人
(2)To thrust out; push forward
使突出，向前推
派obtrusive
Elliptical（解释来自MW）
(1)of, relating to, or marked by ellipsis or an ellipsis
椭圆的
(2)of, relating to, or marked by extreme economy of speech or writing
省略的：在演讲或写作中极其省略的
(3)of or relating to deliberate obscurity (as of literary or conversational style)
晦涩的，模糊的（有意使风格或表达上含糊不清的）
1.9.2
It seemed from the size of the crowd, which was ____, and the resonance of its cheers, which were ____, that the team was experiencing a resurgence of popularity.
A.vast… hollow
B.sparse… thunderous
C.enormous… deafening
D.unimpressive… muted
E.negligible… rousing
enormous
Very great in size, extent, number, or degree
巨大的，庞大的，极大的：在尺寸大小、范围、数量或程度上非常大的
deafen
To make deaf, especially momentarily by a loud noise
使变聋：尤指被很大的噪声即刻变聋
派deafening
Extremely loud
声音极大的，震耳欲聋的
resurgence
A restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor; a revival
复活，复苏：在使用、接受、活动或活力方面的恢复；复活，复兴
Vast
Very great in size, number, amount, or quantity
Very great in area or extent; immense
Very great in degree or intensity
极大的，巨大的，广大的
See Synonyms at enormous
参见enormous
Hollow
(1)Without substance or character
空的，空洞的：没有物质内容或特点的
a hollow person
一个空洞的人
See Synonyms at vain
参见vain
(2)Devoid of truth or validity; specious
虚假的，虚伪的：缺乏事实或有效性的；似是而非的
Theirs is at best a hollow form of flattery. (Annalyn Swan)
他们的奉承至多是虚伪的。

——Annalyn Swan
(3)Having a reverberating, sepulchral sound
（声音）回响的，低沉的
He gave a hollow laugh.
他发出低沉空洞的笑声。

Sparse
Occurring, growing, or settled at widely spaced intervals; not thick or dense
稀疏的，稀少的
The sparse vegetation will only feed a small population of animals.
稀疏的植物只够喂养少量的动物。

Thunderous
Producing thunder or a similar sound; loud and unrestrained in a way that suggests thunder 像打雷的；轰隆轰隆响的，雷鸣般的
thunderous applause
雷鸣般的掌声
Impressive
Making a strong or vivid impression; striking or remarkable
令人印象深刻的：留下强烈或生动印象的；突出的，引人注意的
an impressive ceremony
一个令人印象深刻的仪式
派unimpressed
Mute
Adj. Refraining from producing speech or vocal sound
哑的，沉默的，无声的
V. To soften or muffle the sound of; to soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of
消除，减轻，使柔和
派muted
Negligible
Not significant or important enough to be worth considering; trifling
可忽略的，无用的，不重要的：不重要因此不值得考虑的；微不足道的
He is a negligible person in the team.
在这支球队中他是个微不足道的人。

Rouse
To arouse from slumber, apathy, or depression; to excite, as to anger or action; stir up
唤醒，激起，激发：从睡眠、冷淡或沮丧中唤起；激发以至于愤怒或行动；引起、激起See Synonyms at provoke
Inducing enthusiasm or excitement; stirring
使觉醒的，使奋起的：激起热情或激情的；刺激的，激发的，引起兴趣的
a rousing sermon
使人觉醒的训诫
1.9.3
Evidence that the universe is expanding ____ our perception of the cosmos and thus caused a ____ in astronomical thinking.
A.advanced… setback
B.altered… revolution
C.contradicted… truce
D.reinforced… crisis
E.halted… breakthrough
Revolution（OG1.5.6已收）
A sudden or momentous change in a situation
革命，改革，大变革：一场突然或巨大的改变
the revolution in computer technology
计算机技术的革命
派revolutionize
Setback
An unanticipated or sudden check in progress; a change from better to worse
挫折，退步，阻碍：进程中未预料到的或突然的阻碍；由好变坏的改变
Truce
A temporary cessation or suspension of hostilities by agreement of the opposing sides; an armistice
休战，停战：双方协定达成的暂时性的休战或停战；停火，停战
The two nations signed an armistice.
两国签署了停火协议。

Reinforce
To give more force or effectiveness to; strengthen
巩固，加强，强化：增加更多力量或有效性
The news reinforced her hopes.
这条新闻增强了她的希望。

Halt
To cause to stop; to stop; pause
停止，终止，暂停
The hikers halted for lunch and some rest.
登山者们停了下来，吃午饭顺便休息。

The government hopes to halt tax fraud.
政府希望停止税务欺诈行为。

See Synonyms at stop
参见stop
1.9.4
Although the theory that widespread lead poisoning contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire has gained ____, the evidence is still ____.
A.credence… irrefutable
B.disrepute… dubious
C.acceptance… convincing
D.momentum… systematic
E.currency… inconclusive
currency
General acceptance or use; prevalence
通用：通行的接受或使用；流行
The state of being current; up-to-dateness
当下使用的状态；流行，跟上潮流
the currency of a slang term
一个俗语的流行
Can you check the currency of this address?
你能检查一下这个地址现在是否还在使用吗？
conclusive
Serving to put an end to doubt, question, or uncertainty; decisive
最后的，决定性的，结论性的：终结疑问、问题或不确定性的；决定性的See Synonyms at decisive
Credence
(1)Acceptance as true or valid; belief
相信为真：接受为真实或有效；相信
See Synonyms at belief
参见belief
(2)Claim to acceptance; trustworthiness.
信任，信用
Refute
To prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof
（通过论据或证据）驳斥：证明为假的或错误的；通过驳论或证据反驳、推翻refute testimony
反驳证据
派refutable & irrefutable
Reputation
(1)The general estimation in which a person is held by the public
名誉，名声，声望：一个人公众的总体评价
This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.
该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。

(2)The state or situation of being held in high esteem
好声誉，好名声：得到好评价的状态
派disrepute
Dubious
Fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided
可疑的，令人怀疑的；不确定的
What he said yesterday was dubious.
他昨天说的话很可疑。

Systematic
Of, characterized by, based on, or constituting a system
系统的
Carried on using step-by-step procedures
有步骤的
Purposefully regular; methodical
规则的，有序的，有条理的
See Synonyms at orderly
参见orderly
1.9.5
The fashion designer favored fabrics that were so ____ as to be virtually transparent. A: palpable
B: diaphanous
C: variegated
D: luxurious
E: anomalous
diaphanous
(1)Of such fine texture as to be transparent or translucent
半透明的：透明或半透明的质地
diaphanous tulle
半透明的薄纱
(2)Characterized by delicacy of form
精致的
See Synonyms at airy
参见airy
Palpable
(1)Capable of being handled, touched, or felt; tangible
可感知的，可接触的：可以手拿、触摸或感知的；有形的，可触摸的
Anger rushed out in a palpable wave through his arms and legs. (Herman Wouk)
愤怒通过一种可感知的胳膊和腿的摇摆喷薄而出。

——Herman Wouk (2)Easily perceived; obvious
容易理解的；明显的
There was a palpable sense of expectation in the court. (Nelson DeMille)
法庭上有一种明显的期待。

——尼尔森·德米尔
See Synonyms at perceptible
参见perceptible
Variegated
(1)Having streaks, marks, or patches of a different color or colors; varicolored
杂色的，斑驳的
(2)Distinguished or characterized by variety; diversified
多样的，多样化的
Luxurious
Fond of or given to luxury;
Marked by or contributing to luxury;
Of a sumptuous, costly, or rich variety
豪华的，奢侈的
See Synonyms at sensuous
参见sensuous
Anomalous
Deviating from the normal or common order, form, or rule
反常的，不规则的：偏离正常或普遍的顺序、形式或规则
1.9.6
Professor Williams disdained tradition: she regularly attacked cherished beliefs and institutions, earning a reputation as _______.
（A）an egalitarian
（B） a dowager
（C） a dilettante
（D）an iconoclast
（E） a purveyor
iconoclast（MW解释更接近题目）
(1) a person who destroys religious images or opposes their veneration
毁坏宗教圣像或反对宗教遵从的人
(2) a person who attacks settled beliefs or institutions
攻击传统的人：攻击传统信仰、观念或制度的人
disdain
To regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise
轻蔑，鄙视，蔑视：以傲慢轻蔑的方式看待或对待；轻视
See Synonyms at despise
参见despise
Egalitarian
Affirming, promoting, or characterized by belief in equal political, economic, social, and civil rights for all people
平等主义的：为全体公民确认、促进并且信仰在政治、经济、社会以及民权方面的平等的N. 平等主义，平等主义者
Dilettante
A dabbler in an art or a field of knowledge
涉猎者，浅尝辄止的人，半瓶醋，业余爱好者：在艺术或某领域知识方面的涉猎者
See Synonyms at amateur
参见amateur。