WYE-354_1062169-56-5_CoA_MedChemExpress
Diva Decloaker 10X Pretreatment Reagent 说明书
Intended Use:For In Vitro Diagnostic UseHeat induced antigen retrieval of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for immunohistochemistry (IHC) procedures. The clinical interpretation of any staining or its absence should be complimented by morphological studies using proper controls and should be evaluated within the context of the patient's clinical history and other diagnostic tests by a qualified pathologist.Summary & Explanation:Diva Decloaker is a heat retrieval solution that is compatible with virtually all antibodies and eliminates the need for multiple buffers including citrate buffer, EDTA or high pH tris buffers. Antibody titers are doubled and tripled when compared to citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Diva Decloaker incorporates Assure™ tech nology, a color-coded high temperatures pH indicator solution. The end-user is assured by visual inspection that the solution is at the correct dilution and pH. This product is specially formulated for superior pH stability at high temperatures and will help prevent the possibility of losing pH sensitive antigens. Diva Decloaker is non-toxic, non-flammable, odorless and sodium azide and thimerosal free.Known Applications:Immunohistochemistry (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues) Supplied As:100mlDiva Decloaker, 10X concentrate (DV2004LX)500mlDiva Decloaker, 10X concentrate (DV2004MX)Materials and Reagents (Needed But Not Provided): Microscope slides, positively chargedDesert Chamber* (Drying oven)Positive and negative tissue controlsXylene (Could be substituted with xylene substitute*)Ethanol or reagent alcoholDecloaking Chamber* (Pressure cooker)Deionized or distilled waterWash buffer*(TBS/PBS)Enzyme digestion*Avidin-Biotin Blocking Kit*(Labeled Streptavidin Kits Only) Peroxidase block*Protein block*Primary antibody*Negative control reagents*Detection kits*Detection components*Chromogens*Hematoxylin*Bluing reagent*Mounting medium** Biocare Medical Products: Refer to a Biocare Medical catalog for further information regarding catalog number and ordering information. Certain reagents listed above are based on specific application and detection system used. Storage and Stability:Store at room temperature. Do not use after expiration date printed on vial. If reagents are stored under conditions other than those specified in the package insert, they must be verified by the user. Diluted reagents should be used promptly; any remaining reagent should be stored at room temperature.Protocol Recommendations:1. Deparaffinize tissues and hydrate to water. If necessary, block for endogenous peroxidase and wash in DI water.2. Dilute concentrated Diva Decloaker at a ratio of 1:10 (1 ml Diva to 9 ml of deionized water).3. Place slides into 1X retrieval solution in a slide container (e.g. Coplin Jar, Tissue -Tek™ staining dish or metal slide canister).4. Retrieve sections under pressure using Biocare's Decloaking Chamber. Follow the recommendations on the antibody data sheet and Decloaking Chamber User Manual.5. Check solution for appropriate color change. (See Technical Note #1)6. Gently rinse by gradually adding DI water to the solution, then remove slides and rinse with DI water.Technical Notes:1. Concentrated Diva Decloaker is a bright yellow color. RTU or 1X solution is a pale yellow color. When the solution reaches 80-125°C, the solution turns yellow and indicates that the high temperature solution is at correct pH. Should the pH rise above 7.0, the solution turns a fuschia red color. Should the pH drop too low, thesolution turns a pink color.2. If using Biocare’s Desert Chamber Pro (a programmable turbo-action drying oven), dry sections at 25ºC overnight or at 37ºC for 30-60 minutes and then dry slides at 60ºC for 30 minutes.3. Use positive char ged slides (use Biocare’s Kling-On HIER Slides) and cut tissues at 4-5 microns. Do not use any adhesives in the water bath. Poor fixation and processing of tissues will cause tissue sections to fall off the slides, especially fatty tissues such as breast. Tissues should be fixed a minimum of 6-12 hours.4. Protocol time and temperatures for HIER can vary depending on the Decloaking Chamber model used. Please refer to the relevant Decloaking Chamber manual for appropriate protocol times and temperatures.Limitations:The protocols for a specific application can vary. These include, but are not limited to: fixation, heat-retrieval method, incubation times, tissue section thickness and detection kit used. Due to the superior sensitivity of these unique reagents, the recommended incubation times and titers listed are not applicable to other detection systems, asresults may vary. The data sheet recommendations and protocols are based on exclusive use of Biocare products. Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the investigator to determine optimal conditions. The clinical interpretation of any positive or negative staining should be evaluated within the context of clinical presentation, morphology and other histopathological criteria by a qualified pathologist. The clinical interpretation of any positive or negative staining should be complemented by morphological studies using proper positive and negative internal and external controls as well as other diagnostic tests.Catalog Number: DV2004 LX, MX Description: 100, 500 ml, concentrateQuality Control:Refer to CLSI Quality Standards for Design and Implementation of Immunohistochemistry Assays; Approved Guideline-Second edition (I/LA28-A2). CLSI Wayne, PA, USA (). 2011 Precautions:1. This product is not classified as hazardous. The preservative used in this reagent is Proclin 300 and the concentration is less than 0.25%. Overexposure to Proclin 300 can cause skin and eye irritation and irritation to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. The concentration of Proclin 300 in this product does not meet the OSHA criteria for a hazardous substance. Wear disposable gloves when handling reagents.2. Specimens, before and after fixation, and all materials exposed to them should be handled as if capable of transmitting infection and disposed of with proper precautions. Never pipette reagents by mouth and avoid contacting the skin and mucous membranes with reagents and specimens. If reagents or specimens come in contact with sensitive areas, wash with copious amounts of water.3. Microbial contamination of reagents may result in an increase in nonspecific staining.4. Incubation times or temperatures other than those specified may give erroneous results. The user must validate any such change.5. Do not use reagent after the expiration date printed on the vial.6. The SDS is available upon request and is located at /.7. Consult OSHA, federal, state or local regulations for disposal of any toxic substances. Proclin is a trademark of Rohm and Haas Company, or of its subsidiaries or affiliates.Troubleshooting:Follow the antibody specific protocol recommendations according to data sheet provided. If atypical results occur, contact Biocare's Technical Support at 1-800-542-2002.。
超声瞬时弹性成像检测受控衰减参数评估非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肝脂肪变程度价值研究
∗基金项目:河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(编号: 2018020246)作者单位:450052郑州市郑州大学第五附属医院超声诊断科第一作者:郭萌,女,41岁,医学硕士,副主任医师㊂E-mail: guomeng.823@ ㊃非酒精性脂肪性肝病㊃超声瞬时弹性成像检测受控衰减参数评估非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肝脂肪变程度价值研究∗郭萌,郭琦,张峰㊀㊀ʌ摘要ɔ㊀目的㊀分析应用超声瞬时弹性成像检测的受控衰减参数(CAP)评估非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝脂肪变程度的价值㊂方法㊀2020年5月~2022年5月我院诊治的NAFLD患者78例,均接受肝脏超声检查和超声瞬时弹性成像检查,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)评估CAP诊断NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度的效能㊂结果㊀肝脏超声检查结果显示,78例NAFLD患者中包括轻度肝脂肪变41例㊁中度肝脂肪变23例和重度肝脂肪变14例;重度肝脂肪变患者血清ALT和AST水平分别为(77.2ʃ14.9)U/L和(59.1ʃ11.7)U/L,显著高于中度肝脂肪变患者ʌ分别为(40.1ʃ8.3)U/L和(35.9ʃ6.2)U/L,P<0.05ɔ或轻度肝脂肪变患者ʌ分别为(26.7ʃ5.5)U/L和(23.3ʃ4.8)U/L, P<0.05ɔ;重度肝脂肪变患者血清TG水平和CAP分别为(3.5ʃ0.7)mmol/L和(317.7ʃ27.6)dB/m,显著高于轻度肝脂肪变患者ʌ分别为(1.6ʃ0.6)mmol/L和(259.9ʃ27.5)dB/m,P<0.05ɔ或中度肝脂肪变患者ʌ分别为(2.7ʃ0.6)mmol/L和(292.1ʃ30.7)dB/m,P<0.05ɔ,而血清HDL-C水平为(0.8ʃ0.4)mmol/L,显著低于轻度肝脂肪变患者ʌ(1.3ʃ0.3)mmol/L, P<0.05ɔ或中度肝脂肪变患者ʌ(1.1ʃ0.3)mmol/L,P<0.05ɔ;以CAP>285.4dB/m为截断点,诊断NAFLD患者中度肝脂肪变,以CAP>309.1dB/m为截断点,诊断NAFLD患者重度肝脂肪变,结果发现轻度肝脂肪变39例,中度肝脂肪变22例,重度肝脂肪变17例,其AUC㊁敏感度和特异度分别为0.783(95%CI:0.669~0.896)㊁78.3%和75.6%,和0.696(95% CI:0.515~0.876)㊁78.6%和69.6%(P<0.05)㊂结论㊀应用CAP诊断NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度可能比超声检查更准确,有很大的临床应用价值㊂㊀㊀ʌ关键词ɔ㊀非酒精性脂肪性肝病;肝脂肪;超声瞬时弹性成像;受控衰减参数;诊断㊀㊀DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2024.02.008㊀㊀Evaluation of hepatic steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter of ultrasonic transient elastography in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases㊀Guo Meng,Guo Qi,Zhang Feng.Department of Ultrasound,Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou450052,Henan Province,China㊀㊀ʌAbstractɔ㊀Objective㊀The aim of this study was to investigate the evaluation of hepatic steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter(CAP)of ultrasonic transient elastography in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases(NAFLD).Methods㊀78 patients with NAFLD were enrolled in our hospital between May2020and May2022,and they all received liver ultrasonography and ultrasonic transient elastography for CAP.The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was plotted and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of CAP in predicting the degree of hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD.Results㊀The liver ultrasonography showed that out of the78patients with NAFLD in our series,there were mild hepatic steatosis in41cases,moderate hepatic steatosis in23cases and severe hepatic steatosis in14cases;serum ALT and AST levels in patients with severe liver steatosis were(77.2ʃ14.9)U/L and(59.1ʃ11.7)U/L,significantly higher than[(40.1ʃ8.3)U/L and(35.9ʃ6.2)U/L,P<0.05]in patients with moderate or[(26.7ʃ5.5)U/L and(23.3ʃ4.8)U/L,P<0.05]in patients with mild liver steatosis;serum triglyceride level and the CAP in patients with severe liver steatosis were(3.5ʃ0.7)mmol/L and (317.7ʃ27.6)dB/m,both significantly higher than[(1.6ʃ0.6)mmol/L and(259.9ʃ27.5)dB/m,P<0.05]in patients with mild or[(2.7ʃ0.6)mmol/L and(292.1ʃ30.7)dB/m,P<0.05]in patients with moderate,while serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was(0.8ʃ0.4)mmol/L,much lower than[(1.3ʃ0.3)mmol/L,P<0.05]in patients with mild or[(1.1ʃ0.3)mmol/L,P<0.05]in patients with moderate liver steatosis;with the CAP>280.4dB/m as the cut-off value for the diagnosisof moderate hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD,the AUC,sensitivity(Se)and specificity(Sp)were0.783(95%CI:0.669-0.896),78.3%and75.6%,and with the CAP>309.1dB/m as the cut-off value for the diagnosis of severe hepaticsteatosis,the AUC was0.696(95%CI:0.515-0.876),with the Se of78.6%and the Sp of69.6%(P<0.05).Conclusion㊀The application of CAP obtained by ultrasonic transient elastography might help assess more accurately the severity of liver steatosis in patients with NAFLD.㊀㊀ʌKey wordsɔ㊀Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases;Hepatic steatosis;Ultrasonic transient elastography;Controlled attenuation parameter;Diagnosis㊀㊀非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是一种以肝脏脂肪变性为特征的疾病㊂据统计,NAFLD已影响了超过25%成年人[1]㊂NAFLD是全球慢性肝病的主要病因,与包括肥胖㊁糖尿病㊁高血压和高脂血症在内的代谢综合征密切相关,有进展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)㊁肝纤维化㊁肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌的风险[2]㊂由于NAFLD 在早期是一个可逆的过程,故尽早诊断并给予合理的治疗至关重要㊂肝活检是目前诊断NAFLD的 金标准 ,但该操作有一定的创伤性,无法在临床上得到广泛的开展[3]㊂超声瞬时弹性成像(FibroScan)是一种新兴的超声成像技术,由法国Echosens公司研发,具有检查时间短㊁无创㊁可重复等优点,通过无创弹性测量评估肝脏实质的硬度和脂肪变间接反映肝纤维化和肝脂肪变程度,已被广泛应用于慢性肝病的无创诊断[4]㊂基于FibroScan设计的新的参数,称为受控衰减参数(controlled attenuation parameter, CAP),可用于定量反映肝脂肪变程度[5]㊂本研究旨在使用超声瞬时弹性成像检测NAFLD患者CAP,评估肝脂肪变程度,以期为临床管理提供依据㊂1㊀资料与方法1.1一般资料㊀2020年5月~2022年5月我院收治的NAFLD患者78例,男性41例,女性37例;年龄为34~66岁,平均年龄为(49.9ʃ7.1岁)㊂符合‘非酒精性脂肪性肝病防治指南(2018年更新版)“[6]的诊断标准㊂纳入标准:(1)无饮酒史;(2)超声提示肝脂肪变㊂排除标准:(1)合并严重的心㊁脑㊁肺㊁肾功能障碍;(2)排除病毒性肝炎㊁酒精性肝病㊁药物性肝损伤㊁自身免疫性肝病等㊂全部患者签署知情同意书,本研究经我院医学伦理委员会审核通过㊂1.2肝脏超声检查㊀使用飞利浦中国投资有限公司提供的彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检查,超声探头频率为3.5MHz㊂检查时,患者取仰卧位或左侧卧位,观察肝脏形态㊁大小㊁轮廓㊁边界㊁肝区回声㊁前场回声增强㊁远场回声衰减和管道结构等,从而对肝脂肪变进行分度㊂轻度肝脂肪变:肝脏前场回声增强,远场回声轻度衰减;中度肝脂肪变:肝脏前场回声增强,远场回声衰减;重度肝脂肪变;肝脏前场回声明显增强,远场回声明显衰减,管道结构模糊㊂1.3CAP检测㊀使用无锡海斯凯尔医学技术有限公司生产的FibroTouch超声瞬时弹性成像仪检测,超声探头频率为3.5MHz㊂由经过专门培训且获得Fi-broTouch操作证书的医生按照使用手册,定人定机操作㊂在测量时,患者取仰卧位,右手抱头,最大程度地扩展肋间隙㊂选择右侧腋前线到腋中线第7㊁8㊁9肋间作为检测区域,保持探头与肋间隙皮肤表面垂直㊂当压力指示器显示为绿色,显示屏上M波形强度一致㊁分布均匀和A波形呈线性时,开始测量㊂所有患者测量次数>10次,并以有效测量结果的中位数作为最终结果㊂有效测量结果指的是所有测量结果的四分位间距/中位数<30%,同时(成功测量次数/总测量次数)成功率ȡ60%㊂1.4血清指标检测㊀使用北京普朗新技术有限公司提供的全自动生化分析仪检测血生化指标㊂1.5统计学处理㊀应用SPSS26.0统计学软件处理数据㊂计量资料均满足正态分布,以(xʃs)表示,采用单因素方差分析㊂绘制受试者工作特征曲线(re-ceiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)并计算曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC),评估CAP诊断NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度的效能,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义㊂2㊀结果2.1肝脏超声检查结果㊀经超声检查,在78例NAFLD患者中,发现轻度肝脂肪变41例㊁中度肝脂肪变23例和重度肝脂肪变14例㊂2.2不同肝脂肪变的NAFLD患者肝功能指标比较㊀重度肝脂肪变患者血清ALT和AST水平显著高于轻度或中度肝脂肪变患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05,表1)㊂2.3不同肝脂肪变的NAFLD患者血脂和CAP比较㊀重度肝脂肪变患者FPG㊁血清TG㊁LDL-C水平和CAP显著高于轻度肝脂肪变患者,而血清HDL-C水平显著低于轻度或中度肝脂肪变患者(P<0.05,表2)㊂表1㊀不同肝脂肪变的NAFLD患者肝功能指标(xʃs)比较肝脂肪变例数TBIL(μmol/L)ALT(U/L)AST(U/L)ALB(g/L)轻度4112.9ʃ1.626.7ʃ5.523.3ʃ4.847.5ʃ3.7中度2315.9ʃ2.040.1ʃ8.3①35.9ʃ6.2①48.0ʃ3.9重度1416.1ʃ2.177.2ʃ14.9①②59.1ʃ11.7①②48.1ʃ3.9㊀㊀与轻度肝脂肪变比,①P<0.05;与中度肝脂肪变比,②P<0.05表2㊀不同肝脂肪变的NAFLD患者血脂和CAP(xʃs)比较肝脂肪变例数TC(mmol/L)TG(mmol/L)LDL-C(mmol/L)HDL-C(mmol/L)CAP(dB/m)轻度41 5.0ʃ0.8 1.6ʃ0.6 2.9ʃ0.9 1.3ʃ0.3259.9ʃ27.5中度23 5.1ʃ0.9 2.7ʃ0.6① 3.3ʃ0.8 1.1ʃ0.3①292.1ʃ30.7①重度14 5.0ʃ0.9 3.5ʃ0.7①② 3.5ʃ0.9①0.8ʃ0.4①②317.7ʃ27.6①②㊀㊀与轻度肝脂肪变比,①P<0.05;与中度肝脂肪变比,②P<0.052.4CAP诊断NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度的效能情况㊀以CAP>285.4dB/m为截断点,诊断NAFLD患者中度肝脂肪变,以CAP>309.1dB/m为截断点,诊断NAFLD患者重度肝脂肪变,结果发现轻度肝脂肪变39例,中度肝脂肪变22例,重度肝脂肪变17例,其AUC㊁敏感度和特异度分别为0.783(95%CI:0.669~0.896)㊁78.3%和75.6%(P<0.05,图1),和0.696(95%CI:0.515~0.876)㊁78.6%和69.6%(P<0.05,图2)㊂图1㊀CAP诊断NAFLD患者中度肝脂肪变的ROC曲线分析图2㊀CAP诊断NAFLD患者重度肝脂肪变的ROC曲线分析3㊀讨论近年来,NAFLD患病率不断升高㊂预计到2030年,我国NAFLD患者总数将超过3亿[7]㊂NAFLD 包括各种不同严重程度的肝脏疾病,而处于单纯性脂肪肝阶段的病变是可逆的,早期诊断和干预将有助于改善预后[8]㊂但NAFLD的发病机制尚不清楚,通常认为是由于脂肪在肝细胞内过度沉积和肝细胞脂肪变性所致,全身性炎症㊁胰岛素抵抗㊁肠道微生态失调等均可促进疾病的发生和发展[9]㊂作为全身代谢综合征的一种表现,NAFLD与血糖和血脂代谢紊乱密切相关[10]㊂非肥胖型NAFLD患者代谢紊乱程度较肥胖型NAFLD患者更轻,其肝脂肪变程度亦显著减轻[11]㊂本研究发现不同肝脂肪变的NAFLD 患者血生化指标存在显著性差异,NAFLD患者代谢紊乱程度随着肝脂肪变程度的加重而逐渐加重㊂缓解NAFLD的一种方法为抑制TG合成,另一种为促进TG代谢,而抑制脂质合成和促进脂肪酸氧化可改善肝脂肪变程度[11]㊂故早期无创诊断NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度尤为重要㊂目前,常规超声检查被广泛用于肝脂肪变的一线评估,但普通超声检查缺乏定量的准确性,对低肝脂肪含量诊断的敏感性差,并且在极大程度上依赖操作者的临床经验[12]㊂超声瞬时弹性成像是一种非侵入性的检查方法,具有快速㊁无创㊁可重复性好等优点,其测量的组织体积相比活检样本至少大100倍,同时测量结果不受操作者主观影响,在慢性肝病具有较高的诊断价值[13,14]㊂因脂肪为一种衰减介质,而通过超声瞬时弹性成像检测CAP是基于超声在介质传导过程中的能量衰减原理,通过对信号能量在肝脏传播过程中的衰减速度进行测量,从而有助于定量评估肝脂肪变程度[15]㊂CAP可用于评估病毒性肝炎患者肝脂肪变程度[16-18]㊂本研究通过对比不同肝脂肪变的NAFLD患者CAP值,结果显示重度肝脂肪变患者CAP显著高于中度或轻度肝脂肪变患者,表明CAP与NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度密切相关㊂随着NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度的加重,其肝脏脂肪含量亦不断增加,其CAP也随之增大,提示使用Fibroscan检测CAP可用于评估NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度㊂不同作者报道的CAP 诊断NAFLD中度和重度肝脂肪变的截断点分别为258dB/m和293dB/m等不等[19,20],而本研究应用CAP诊断NAFLD患者中度和重度肝脂肪变具体良好的诊断效能㊂一方面,通过肝脏超声检查对肝脂肪变进行分级可能受操作者经验的影响,另一方面可能是由于所纳入的病例数有限所致㊂本研究结果显示,CAP诊断NAFLD患者中度和重度肝脂肪变的AUC分别为0.783和0.696,其敏感度分别为78.3%和78.6%,特异度分别为75.6%和69.6%,表明应用CAP评估NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度具有一定的价值,是一种较理想的检查方法㊂因此,使用Fibroscan检测CAP有助于指导临床评估NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度,同时结合患者肝功能㊁空腹血糖和血脂指标等,有望实现早期无创诊断,具有较高的临床应用价值㊂但本研究仍存在一定的局限性,首先,未对患者进行肝活检检查,而是以肝脏超声检查结果作为诊断不同肝脂肪变分级的标准,可能会对结果造成一定的影响;其次,为单中心临床研究,所纳入的病例数较少,可能使得结果出现一定的偏倚㊂后续工作的开展还有待进行多中心㊁大样本的研究,以进一步分析CAP评估NAFLD患者肝脂肪变程度的价值㊂ʌ参考文献ɔ[1]Duell PB,Welty FK,Miller M,et al.Nonalcoholic fatty fiver dis-ease and cardiovascular risk:a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2022, 42(6):168-185.[2]Truong E,Yeo YH,Cook-Wiens G,et al.Nonalcoholic fatty liverdisease prevalence and severity in Asian Americans from the national health and nutrition examination surveys2017-2018.Hepatol Com-mun,2022,6(9):2253-2261.[3]Troelstra MA,Witjes JJ,van Dijk AM,et al.Assessment ofimaging modalitiesagainst liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver dis-ease:The Amsterdam NAFLD-NASH Cohort.J Magn Reson Ima-ging,2021,54(6):1937-1949.[4]Li Q,Chen T,Shi N,et al.Quantitative evaluation of hepatic fi-brosis by fibroScan and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1mapping magnetic resonance imaging in chronic hepatitis B.Abdom Radiol (NY),2022,47(2):684-692.[5]Duarte M,Tien P,Ma Y,et al.Controlled attenuation parameteraccurately detects liver steatosis in people with HIV.AIDS,2022, 36(15):2147-2152.[6]中华医学会肝病学分会脂肪肝和酒精性肝病学组,中国医师协会脂肪肝专家委员会.非酒精性脂肪性肝病防治指南(2018年更新版).实用肝脏病杂志,2018,21(2):177-186.[7]Xiong Y,Peng Q,Cao C,et al.Effect of different exercisemethods on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:a meta-analysis and meta-regression.Int J Environ Res Public Health,2021,18(6): 3242-3259.[8]王林,刘学恩,庄辉.非酒精性脂肪性肝病组学生物标志物的研究进展.中华肝脏病杂志,2021,29(6):604-608.[9]Tilg H,Adolph TE,Dudek M,et al.Non-alcoholic fatty liver dis-ease:the interplay between metabolism,microbes and immunity.Nat Metab,2021,3(12):1596-1607.[10]Younossi ZM,Paik JM,Al Shabeeb R,et al.Are there outcomedifferences between NAFLD and metabolic-associated fatty liver dis-ease?Hepatology,2022,76(5):1423-1437.[11]王慧,汤展,常文娟,等.非肥胖型与肥胖型非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者代谢特征和肝脂肪变程度比较.实用肝脏病杂志,2022, 25(5):669-672.[12]Lyu H,Tao F,Peng L,et al.In vitro probiotic properties ofbifidobacterium animalis ctis SF and its alleviating effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Nutrients,2023,15(6): 1355-1380.[13]Lipiński P,Szymańska-Ro ek P,Socha P,et al.Controlled at-tenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements using transient elastography by FibroScan in Gaucher disease.Mol Genet Metab, 2020,129(2):125-131.[14]Piccinni R,Rodrigues SG,Montani M,et al.Controlledattenuation parameter reflects steatosis in compensated advanced chronic liver disease.Liver Int,2020,40(5):1151-1158. [15]Ni XX,Lian M,Wu HM,et al.Evaluation of controlledattenuation parameter in assessing hepatic steatosis in patients with autoimmune liver diseases.World J Gastroenterol,2021,27(1): 80-91.[16]Petroff D,Blank V,Newsome PN,et al.Assessment of hepaticsteatosis by controlled attenuation parameter using the M and XL probes:an individual patient data ncet Gastroen-terol Hepatol,2021,6(3):185-198.[17]Zuo Z,Cui H,Wang M,et al.Diagnostic ofFibroTouch and six se-rological models in assessing the degree of liver fibrosis among pa-tients with chronic hepatic disease:A single-center retrospective study.PLoS One,2022,17(7):e0270512.[18]Zhu SH,Zheng KI,Hu DS,et al.Optimal thresholds forultrasound attenuation parameter in the evaluation of hepatic steatosis severity:evidence from a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven fatty liver disease.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2021,33(3):430-435.[19]Qu Y,Song YY,Chen CW,et al.Diagnostic performance of Fibro-Touch ultrasound attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measure-ment in assessing hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Clin Transl Gastroenterol,2021,12(4):e00323.[20]候萌萌,苑喜微,王一奇,等.超声衰减参数在代谢相关脂肪性肝病诊断中的应用研究.中华肝脏病杂志,2022,30(3): 290-296.(收稿:2023-05-25)(本文编辑:刘波)。
Dyspnea(呼吸困难)
Toxic dyspnea
The overdose of morphine and pentobarbital can depress respiratory center causing slow respiration or Cheyne-Stokess respiration.
Neuro-Psychogenic dyspnea
Inspiratory dyspnea
Clinical characteristics: visible indrawing over the sternal notch, the supraclavicular spaces, the intercostal spaces and the epigastrium in the inspiration(三凹症). Accompanied by a coarse, low pitched inspiratory wheezing and dry cough. Stenosis and obstruction of larynx, trachea, and bronchi
Left heart failure
Basal diseases: Coronary heart disease Hypertensive heart disease Rheumatic heart disease Congenital heart disease
Left heart failure
How to describe these sensations
Cannot get enough air Air does not go all the way down Smothering feeling in the chest Tightness in the chest Fatigue in the chest
UFLC-PDA同时快速测定藏药翼首草中5种化学成分的含量
UFLC-PDA同时快速测定藏药翼首草中5种化学成分的含量李文婕;高燕;陈一龙;王毓杰;张艺【摘要】This study was aimed to establish an Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array (UFLC-PDA) method for the simultaneous determination of five chemical components, which included chlorogenic acid, loganin, sweroside, evodia rutaecarpa glycosides and triplostoside A, in Pterocephalus hookeri h eck. Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 (100 mm í 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution in gradient elution as the mobile phase at theflow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. And the injection volume was 0.4 μL. The detection wavelength was set up at 237 nm and 325 nm. And the column temperature was 30℃. The results showed that the calibration curve was linear within the range of 8.72~218.0, 1.52~38.0, 2.44~61.0, 29.36~734.0, 3.00~75.0μg·mL-1 (r > 0.999 6, n=9) for chlorogenic acid, loganin, sweroside, evodia rutaecarpa glycosides and triplostoside A, respectively. The average recovery rates were 99.46%, 99.41%, 100.14%, 98.89%, and 99.42%, respectively. The RSD was 0.69%, 0.66%, 0.60%, 1.21%, and 0.64%, respectively (n = 9). It was concluded that this method was simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of the content of five chemical components in P. hookeri.%目的：建立同时快速测定藏药翼首草药材中绿原酸、马钱苷、獐牙菜苷、吴茱萸苷、大花双参苷A含量的方法。
富马酸丙酚替诺福韦治疗特殊慢性乙型肝炎的相关进展
2 ＤＯＩ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００１－５２５６．２０２３．０１．０２４富马酸丙酚替诺福韦治疗特殊慢性乙型肝炎的相关进展宋玉文１，沙丽丽１，陈立震１，李梦昆１，王玉荣２，辛永宁１１青岛大学附属青岛市市立医院感染性疾病科，山东青岛２６６０１１；２南京医科大学附属青岛临床医学院，南京２１００００通信作者：辛永宁，ｘｉｎｙｏｎｇｎｉｎｇ＠１６３．ｃｏｍ（ＯＲＣＩＤ：００００－０００２－３６９２－７６５５）摘要：我国ＨＢＶ感染人数众多，严重危害公共卫生安全。
富马酸丙酚替诺福韦（ＴＡＦ）作为临床一线用药，具有强效、低耐药、骨肾安全等特点。
本文归纳总结了ＴＡＦ在低病毒血症、多重耐药、妊娠期、肝衰竭及肝移植等特殊类型慢性乙型肝炎患者中的作用，分析表明ＴＡＦ能够降低低病毒血症患者病毒载量实现病毒学应答、为耐药患者提供新方案、阻断母婴传播、降低终末期肝病患者病死率、改善慢性肾脏病患者肾功能。
关键词：慢性乙型肝炎；乙型肝炎病毒；富马酸丙酚替诺福韦；治疗学基金项目：慢性乙肝临床研究项目（ＩＮ－ＣＮ－３２０－５８３７）ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｅｎｏｆｏｖｉｒａｌａｆｅｎａｍｉｄｅｆｕｍａｒａｔｅｉｎｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｐｅｃｉａｌｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＢＳＯＮＧＹｕｗｅｎ１，ＳＨＡＬｉｌｉ１，ＣＨＥＮＬｉｚｈｅｎ１，ＬＩＭｅｎｇｋｕｎ１，ＷＡＮＧＹｕｒｏｎｇ２，ＸＩＮＹｏｎｇｎｉｎｇ１．（１．ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＩｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓＤｉｓ ｅａｓｅｓ，ＱｉｎｇｄａｏＭｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄｔｏＱｉｎｇｄａｏＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ，Ｓｈａｎｄｏｎｇ２６６０１１，Ｃｈｉｎａ；２．ＱｉｎｇｄａｏＣｌｉｎｉｃａｌＭｅｄｉｃａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄｔｏＮａｎｊｉｎｇＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１００００，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇａｕｔｈｏｒ：ＸＩＮＹｏｎｇｎｉｎｇ，ｘｉｎｙｏｎｇｎｉｎｇ＠１６３．ｃｏｍ（ＯＲＣＩＤ：００００－０００２－３６９２－７６５５）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓｗｉｔｈＨＢＶｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａ，ｗｈｉｃｈｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙｅｎｄａｎｇｅｒｓｐｕｂｌｉｃｈｅａｌｔｈｓａｆｅ ｔｙ．Ａｓａｆｉｒｓｔ－ｌｉｎｅｄｒｕｇｕｓｅｄｉｎｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ，ｔｅｎｏｆｏｖｉｒａｌａｆｅｎａｍｉｄｅｆｕｍａｒａｔｅ（ＴＡＦ）ｈａｓｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｓｔｒｏｎｇｅｆｆｉ ｃａｃｙ，ｌｏｗｄｒｕｇｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｂｏｎｅａｎｄｋｉｄｎｅｙｓａｆｅｔｙ．ＴｈｉｓａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｓｔｈｅｒｏｌｅｏｆＴＡＦｉｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｓｐｅｃｉａｌｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＢ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｌｏｗ－ｌｅｖｅｌｖｉｒｅｍｉａ，ｍｕｌｔｉｄｒｕｇｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ，ｐｒｅｇｎａｎｃｙ，ｌｉｖｅｒｆａｉｌｕｒｅ，ａｎｄｌｉｖｅｒｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔＴＡＦｃａｎｒｅｄｕｃｅｖｉｒａｌｌｏａｄｉｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｌｏｗ－ｌｅｖｅｌｖｉｒｅｍｉａｔｏａｃｈｉｅｖｅｖｉｒｏｌｏｇｉｃｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ，ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｎｅｗｒｅｇｉｍｅｎｓｆｏｒｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｄｒｕｇｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ，ｂｌｏｃｋｍｏｔｈｅｒ－ｔｏ－ｃｈｉｌｄｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，ｒｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙｒａｔｅｏｆｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｅｎｄ－ｓｔａｇｅｌｉｖｅｒｄｉｓｅａｓｅ，ａｎｄｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｒｅｎａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｋｉｄｎｅｙｄｉｓｅａｓｅ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＢ，Ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ；ＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＢｖｉｒｕｓ；ＴｅｎｏｆｏｖｉｒＡｌａｆｅｎｅｍｉｄｅＦｕｍａｒａｔｅ；ＴｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｆｕｎｄｉｎｇ：ＣｈｒｏｎｉｃＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＢＣｌｉｎｉｃａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＰｒｏｊｅｃｔ（ＩＮ－ＣＮ－３２０－５８３７） 据世界卫生组织［１］估计，２０１９年全球慢性乙型肝炎（ＣＨＢ）感染者达到２．９６亿。
一株高病毒载量PCV2_毒株的基因组特征及序列分析
广东农业科学Guangdong Agricultural Sciences 2024，51（3）：124-135 DOI:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2024.03.012常鑫，蒋智勇，卞志标，徐民生，杨冬霞，杨傲冰，翟少伦. 一株高病毒载量PCV2毒株的基因组特征及［J］. 广东农业科学，2024，51（3）：124-135. CHANG Xin, JIANG Zhiyong, BIAN Zhibiao, XU Minsheng, YANG Dongxia, YANG Aobing, ZHAI Shaolun. Genome characterization and sequence analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 isolated with high viral load［J］. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2024，51（3）：124-135.一株高病毒载量PCV2毒株的基因组特征及序列分析常 鑫1,2，蒋智勇2，卞志标2，徐民生2，杨冬霞2，杨傲冰3，翟少伦2（1.仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院，广东 广州 510305；2. 广东省农业科学院动物卫生研究所/广东省畜禽疫病防治研究重点实验室/农业农村部兽用药物与诊断技术广东科学观测实验站，广东 广州 510640；3.广东永顺生物制药股份有限公司，广东 广州 511356）摘 要：【目的】了解广东省某猪群中猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirus type 2，PCV2）流行毒株的遗传进化情况，丰富PCV2分子流行病学数据，为当地PCV2疫苗候选株的选用和研发提供参考。
【方法】使用qPCR方法对疑似PCV2的样品进行检测，发现1株具有高病毒载量的PCV2毒株，命名为GD222858。
通过PCR方法进行全基因组分子克隆及遗传进化分析。
UPLC-Q-TOF-MS
第43 卷 第 4 期2024 年4 月Vol.43 No.4511~522分析测试学报FENXI CESHI XUEBAO （Journal of Instrumental Analysis ）UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS 法分析鉴定鸡血藤中药复方提取物的化学成分谢灿辉1，贾德政1，胥爱丽2，邬旻珊1，肖观林2，毕晓黎2，张素中3，曹颖男3*（1．广州中医药大学 第五临床医学院，广东 广州 510405；2．广东省中医药工程技术研究院 广东省中医药研究开发重点实验室，广东 广州 510095；3．广州新华学院 药学院，广东 广州 510520）摘要：应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS ）技术定性鉴别鸡血藤中药复方提取物的化学成分。
采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C 18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm ，1.7 µm ），以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱，电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式扫描。
通过质谱数据库、化合物裂解规律，并结合相关文献进行鉴别。
共鉴别出82种化合物，以黄酮类、苯丙素类、萜类化合物为主，包括黄酮类22种、苯丙素类24种、萜类25种、酚酸类4种、甾体类6种、氨基酸类1种，各药材组成复方后首次发现的新化学成分有10种。
UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS 技术为鉴别鸡血藤中药复方中化学成分提供了简便、快速、准确的方法，鉴定得到的各个化学成分涵盖了组方中各味药材的主要成分，可为该复方的质量标准及药效物质研究提供实验依据和理论基础。
关键词：UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS ；鸡血藤中药复方提取物；化学成分；裂解规律中图分类号：O657.63；R282.6文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-4957（2024）04-0511-12Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Jixueteng Formula Extract byUPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MSXIE Can -hui 1，JIA De -zheng 1，XU Ai -li 2，WU Min -shan 1，XIAO Guan -lin 2，BI Xiao -li 2，ZHANG Su -zhong 3，CAO Ying -nan 3*（1．School of the Fifth Clinical Medicine ，Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine ，Guangzhou 510405，China ；2．Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine ，Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M.，Guangzhou 510095，China ；3．School of Pharmcy of Guangzhou Xinhua University ，Guangzhou 510520，China ）Abstract ：The chemical components of the Jixueteng formula extract were qualitatively identified us⁃ing ultra -high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time -of -flight tandem mass spectrome⁃try （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS ） technology. A Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C 18 chromatographic col⁃umn （100 mm×2.1 mm ，1.7 µm ） was employed ，with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic ac⁃id solution-acetonitrile using a gradient elution. The flow rate was set at 0.3 mL/min and the column temperature at 30 ℃. MS analysis was based on electrospray ion source with positive and negative ion mode scanning. The identification of compounds was conducted through the mass spectrometry data⁃base ，compound fragmentation patterns ，and relevant literature. In this experiment ，a total of 82 compounds were identified ，mainly including flavonoids ，phenylpropanoids ，and terpenoids. Among them ，there were 22 types of flavonoids ，24 types of phenylpropanoids ，25 types of terpe⁃noids ，4 types of phenolic acids ，6 types of steroids ，and 1 type of amino acids. Additionally ，10 new chemical components were discovered for the first time when the herbal ingredients were com⁃bined to form a compound. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology provides a convenient ，fast ，and ac⁃curate method for identifying chemical components in the Jixueteng formula extract. The identifieddoi ：10.12452/j.fxcsxb.23120738收稿日期：2023－12－07；修回日期：2024－01－31基金项目：2021年度广东省重点建设学科科研能力提升项目（2021ZDJS143）；2021年省属科研机构稳定性支持项目（粤财科教［2021］113号）；广州市科技计划项目（202102080588）∗ 通讯作者：曹颖男，博士，教授，研究方向：中药药理学，E -mail ：85394092@研究报告512分析测试学报第 43 卷chemical constituents can cover the main active ingredients of the herbal compound，providing exper⁃imental evidence and theoretical foundation for quality standardization and pharmacological researchof the compound.Key words：UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS；Jixueteng formula extract；chemical constituents；fragmen⁃tation pattern近年来癌症的发病率逐年上升，肿瘤的发生发展与机体的免疫功能低下密切相关。
WHO International Standard 1st WHO International Standard for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 16 DNA
WHO International Standard1st WHO International Standard for Human Papillomavirus (HPV)Type 16 DNA NIBSC code: 06/202 Instructions for use(Version 2.0, Dated 10/11/2010)1. INTENDED USEThe 1st International Standard for HPV Type 16 (HPV-16) DNA Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques consists of a freeze-dried preparation of recombinant plasmid containing full-length HPV-16 DNA cloned via its unique BamH1 site (Quint et al., 2006). The standard has been formulated in a background of purified human genomic DNA, lyophilized in 0.5 ml aliquots and stored at -20 °C. The material was calibrated in an international collaborative study involving 19 laboratories (Wilkinson et al., 2008). The International Standard contains material that is proprietory to third parties and should be used for the sole purpose of calibrating in-house or working standards for the amplification and detection of HPV-16 DNA. The International Standard should not be used for any other purpose and should be discarded after use. 2. CAUTIONThis preparation is not for administration to humans .This material contains DNA derived from C33A cells. As with all materials of biological origin, this preparation should be regarded as potentially hazardous to health. It should be used and discarded according to your own laboratory's safety procedures. Such safety procedures should include the wearing of protective gloves and avoiding the generation of aerosols. Care should be exercised in opening ampoules or vials, to avoid cuts.3. UNITAGEThe 1st International Standard for HPV-16 DNA Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques has been assigned a unitage of 5 x 106 International Units (IU) per ampoule.Traceability statement:It was proposed at a WHO meeting in January 2008 (WHO Meeting Report, 2008) that the instructions for use of the International Standard for HPV-16 DNA include the calculations and assumptions used in determining the theoretical HPV-16 qenome equivalents (GEq) of the bulk material used in formulating the International Standard, thus demonstrating that 1 IU is equivalent to 1 GEq for HPV-16 DNA . The definitive unitage of the 1st WHO International Standard for HPV-16 DNA therefore remains as IU while the traceability statement would allow users to equate IU with GEq.Assays for DNA concentration of the recombinant HPV-16 plasmid stock preparation were performed in Dr Cosette Wheeler‟s laboratory, University of New Mexico (UNM). DNA concentrations were determined by absorbance at 260 nm as well as spectrofluorometrically using the Picogreen assay (Invitrogen Corporation, USA). A correlation coefficient of 0.95 or higher was obtained between the two DNA measurements. 10 ng HPV-16 plasmid DNA/μl was supplied to NIBSC for formulating the bulk material for subsequent freeze-drying. The UNM laboratory also provided NIBSC with a statement indicating that 1.0 x 1011 GEq/ml for HPV-16 is equal to 1.17 ng/μl. 10 ng HPV-16 plasmid DNA/μl plasmid stock preparation is therefore equivalent to 8.547 x 1011 HPV-16 GEq/ml. NIBSC used this data in formulating the 1st International Standard for HPV Type 16 DNA.Formulation of bulk material for the 1st International Standard for HPV Type 16 DNA (NIBSC code 06/202):At NIBSC, the bulk HPV-16 plasmid DNA material was prepared according to the formula:HPV GEq/ml of bulk material = (HPV GEq/ml of plasmid stock x volume plasmid stock) / volume bulk material.Therefore,HPV-16 GEq/ml of bulk material = (8.547 x 1011 HPV-16 GEq/ml plasmid stock) x (0.02223 ml HPV-16 plasmid stock) / 1900 ml HPV-16 bulk material = 1.0 x 107 HPV-16 GEq/ml bulk materialThe HPV-16 DNA bulk material was subsequently freeze-dried in 0.5 ml aliquots.Certain assumptions are required for equating IU to GEq for the 1st International Standard for HPV-16 DNA: 1) 1.0 x 1011 GEq/ml for HPV-16 is equal to 1.17 ng/μl. 2) There is no loss in activity of the HPV-16 DNA upon lyophilization. 3) The recombinant HPV-16 plasmid DNA accurately mimics the activity of HPV-16 viral DNA in biological samples.Independent calculation of GEq/ml for recombinant HPV-16 plasmid DNA.NIBSC also independently calculated the genome equivalence of the HPV-16 plasmid stock preparation and bulk preparation in which the molecular weights of the full-length HPV-16 genome and pBR322 DNA were based on sequence content using BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor v7.0.5.3 (Tom Hall, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., USA). The sequences used for determining the molecular weights are GenBank Accession number J01749.1 for pBR322 and the reference sequence for HPV16 (Accession K02718).BioEdit dataDNA molecule: HPV16 Accession K02718 Length = 7904 base pairsMW= 4786756.00 Daltons, double strandedDNA molecule: cloning vector pBR322 Length = 4361 base pairsMW= 2653867.00 Daltons, double strandedFormulaeGEq/ml of the HPV plasmid stock was calculated according to the formula: GEq/ml of the HPV plasmid stock = (DNA concentration of HPV plasmid stock) x (MW of HPV DNA + MW of pBR322)-1 x (Avogadro‟s Number) where Avogadro‟s Number = 6.022x1023 molecules/molGEq/ml of the bulk HPV DNA materials was calculated according to the formula:HPV GEq/ml of bulk material = (HPV GEq/ml of plasmid stock x volume plasmid stock) / volume bulk material.CalculationThe recombinant HPV-16 plasmid stock preparation was supplied to NIBSC at a concentration of 10 ng/μl. Using the MW determinations shown above, the GEq/ml of the HPV-16 plasmid stock is:= (10 x 10-9 g/μl) x (mol/(7440623 g) x (6.022x1023 molecules/mol) = 8.093 x 108 molecules/μl = 8.093 x 1011molecules/ml = 8.093 x 1011 HPV-16 GEq/ml22.23μl of the recombinant HPV-16 plasmid stock was diluted to a final volume of 1900ml, therefore,HPV-16 GEq/ml of bulk material = (8.093 x 1011 HPV-16 GEq/ml plasmid stock) x (0.02223 ml HPV-16 plasmid stock) / 1900 ml HPV-16 bulk material = 0.947 x 107 HPV-16 GEq/ml bulk material4. CONTENTSCountry of origin of biological material: United Kingdom.Each ampoule contains the lyophilized equivalent of 0.5 ml HPV-16 plasmid DNA in 10mM Tris buffer pH7.4 containing 1mM EDTA, 5 mg/ml trehalose and ~1 x 106 human GEq/ml derived from C33a cells.5. STORAGEThe ampoule should be stored at -20 °C or below on receipt.Please note: because of the inherent stability of lyophilized material, NIBSC may ship these materials at ambient temperature.6. DIRECTIONS FOR OPENINGDIN ampoules have an …easy -open‟ coloured stress point, where the narrow ampoule stem joins the wider ampoule body.Tap the ampoule gently to collect the material at the bottom (labeled) end. Ensure that the disposable ampoule safety breaker provided is pushed down on the stem of the ampoule and against the shoulder of the ampoule body. Hold the body of the ampoule in one hand and the disposable ampoule breaker covering the ampoule stem between the thumb and first finger of the other hand. Apply a bending force to open the ampoule at the coloured stress point, primarily using the hand holding the plastic collar.Care should be taken to avoid cuts and projectile glass fragments that might enter the eyes, for example, by the use of suitable gloves and an eye shield. Take care that no material is lost from the ampoule and no glass falls into the ampoule. Within the ampoule is dry nitrogen gas at slightly less than atmospheric pressure. A new disposable ampoule breaker is provided with each DIN ampoule.7. USE OF MATERIALNo attempt should be made to weigh out any portion of the freeze-dried material prior to reconstitution.The 1st International Standard for HPV-16 DNA contains high copy number template. There is a high risk of HPV-16 plasmid DNA contamination via aerosolization upon opening of the glass ampoule. The material must be opened and handled in a separate laboratory environment, away from other pre-amplification components such as reagents, labware and samples.The material is supplied lyophilized and, before use, should be reconstituted in 0.5 ml sterile nuclease-free water. Ensure that the inside surface of the ampoule is wetted with the added water so that any particles of freeze-dried material adhering to the glass are reconstituted. The reconstituted material has a final concentration of 1 X 107 IU/ml. The reconstituted material is suitable for calibration of in-house or working standards for the amplification and detection of HPV-16 DNA.. The material is not suitable for calibrating or assessing extraction, precipitation or centrifugation procedures. The material has NOT been calibrated for human DNA nucleic acid amplification techniques.8. STABILITYReference materials are held at NIBSC within assured, temperature-controlled storage facilities. The 1st International Standard for HPV-16 DNA should be stored at -20 °C or below on receipt.Studies on the stability of reconstituted standard are underway. Users should determine the stability of the reconstituted material according to their own method of preparation, storage and use.NIBSC follows the policy of WHO with respect to its reference materials.9. REFERENCESQuint, W. G. V., Pagliusi, S. R., Lelie, N., de Villiers, E. M., Wheeler, C. M. and the World Health Organization Human Papillomavirus DNA International Collaborative Study Group. (2006). Results of the First WorldHealth Organization International Collaborative Study of Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 571-579.Wilkinson, D.E., Baylis, S.A., Padley, D., Heath, A.B., Ferguson, M., Pagliusi, S.R., et al. Establishment of the 1st World Health Organization international standards for human papillomavirus type 16 DNA and type 18 DNA. Int J Cancer 2010 Jun 15;126(12):2969-83.WHO meeting report, on “Standardization of HPV assays and the role of HPV LabNet in supporting vaccine introduction” Geneva, Switzerland, 23-25 January 2008, in preparation.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS11. 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364中国艾滋病性病2021年4月第27卷第4期Chin J AIDS STD Vo丨.27 No.4 Apr 2021[5] ANGLIN MD, BURKE C, PERROCHET B, et al. History ofthe methamphetamine problem[j], J Psychoactive Drugs,2000,32(2)：137-141.[6] CHENG T, JOHNSTON C, KERR T, et al. Substance usepatterns and unprotected sex among street-involved youth in aCanadian setting：a prospective cohort study ^J. BMC PublicHealth,2016(16)：4.[7] BAILEY SL, GAO W, CLARK DB. Diary study of substanceuse and unsafe sex among adolescents with substance usedisorders[ J]. J Adolesc Health,2006,38( 3) ：213-297.[8] DUNN M, DAY C, BRUNO R, et al. Sexual and injecting riskbehaviours among regular ecstasy users [J]. Addict Behav, 2010,35(2)：157-160.[9] ZUCKERMAN MD, BOYER EW. HIV and club drugs inemerging adulthood [J]. Curr Opin Pediatr, 2012, 24 (2)：219-224.[10]郭巍，曲书泉，丁正伟，等.中国1995 — 2009年吸毒者艾滋病毒感染和梅毒流行趋势分析[J].中华流行病学杂志，2010,31(6)：666-669.[11] BAO YP, LIU ZM. Systematic review of HIV and HCVinfection among drug users in China[j]. Int J STD AIDS,2009,20(6)： 399-405.[12]葛琳，李东民，李培龙，等.2010-2015年中国艾滋病哨点监测人群HIV、梅毒和HCV感染状况分析[J].疾病监测，2017,32(2)：111-117.[13]许艳，王璐.国内外M0岁年龄组人群艾滋病流行特征及危险因素[J].中华流行病学杂志，2011,32(11): 1166-1169.[14] ZHUANG X, LIANG Y, CHOW EP, et al. HIV and HCVprevalence among entrants to methadone maintenance treatmentclinics in China：a systematic review and meta-analysis LJ]-BMC Infect Dis,2012( 12) ： 130.[15] BAO Y, LARNEY S, PEACOCK A, et al. Prevalence of HIV,HCV and HBV infection and sociodemographic characteristicsof people who inject drugs in China：A systematic review andmeta-analysis[j]. Int J Drug Policy,2019( 70)：87-93.L16] WANG BX, ZHANG L, WANG YJ, et al. Epidemiology of syphilis infection among drug users at methadone maintenancetreatment clinics in China：systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J STD AIDS,2014,25(8) ：550-558.[17] ZHANG L, CHOW EP, JING J, et al. HIV prevalence inChina：integration of surveillance data and a systematic review[J ]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2013,13 (11) ： 955-963.[18] BAO YP, LIU ZM, LU L. Review of HIV and HCV infectionamong drug users in China [j]. Current opinion in psychiatry2010,23(3)：187-194.[19] ZHANG L, ZHANG D, CHEN W, et al. High prevalence ofHIV, HCV and tuberculosis and associated risk behavioursamong new entrants of methadone maintenance treatment clinicsin Guangdong Province, China[j]. PLoS One, 2013,8( 10) ：e76931. [20] LUO W, WU Z, POUNDSTONE K, et al. Needle and syringeexchange programmes and prevalence of HIV infection amongintravenous drug users in China [ J ]. Addiction ,2015,110 (Suppll)：61-67.[21 ]陈雯，凌莉，何群，等.广东省社区美沙酮维持治疗项目绩效评价与政策建议[J].中国卫生政策研究，2010,3(3) :39-44.[22] WANG L, GUO W, LI D, et al. HIV epidemic among drugusers in China：1995-2011 [J]. Addiction (Abingdon,England), 2015,110 Suppl l(l)：20-28.[23]樊盼英，汪宁.新型毒品滥用对艾滋病流行的影响[J].中华流行病学杂志，2010，31 (3): 340-343.[24]葛琳，崔岩，王璐，等.2012年全国艾滋病哨点吸毒人群血清学和性行为特征分析[J].中华流行病学杂志，2014, 35 (2):121-123.[25] KOESTERS SC, ROGERS PD, RAJASINGHAM CR. MDMA('ecstasy') and other 'club drugs'. The new epidemic [J]. PediatrClin North Am, 2002,49( 2) ： 415-433.1言息本刊参考文献著录格式凡文内引用他人的结果或结论，均应标注并在文末列出参考文献，只限亲自阅读的近期公开发表过的，未公开发表的文献不列入。
血清生物标志物在缺血缺氧性脑病新生儿中的研究进展
血清生物标志物在缺血缺氧性脑病新生儿中的研究进展兰雪，崔艳芳，陈国萍，于嘉，肇颖新(哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院新生儿科，黑龙江哈尔滨150001)摘要：治疗性低温疗法作为低氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)治疗标准的广泛引入，给临床医生带来了越来越大的压力，要求他们对发生的低氧损伤(hypoxic injury,H I)的程度和随之而来的脑病的严重程度做出早期和准确的评估。
然而，目前还没有任何一种基于血液的标志物足以检测HI或预测预后。
许多炎症蛋白、神经元特异性蛋白和MicroRNA表达可预测HIE病情变化，这些变化在出生的几小时至几天内迅速演变。
将临床数据与生化检测结果相结合是目前改善新生儿HIE的检测和预测结局的最可能途径。
本文总结了目前对HIE血清生物标志物的研究，显示了其预测HIE预后的潜力。
关键词：血清生物标记物；新生儿；缺血缺氧性脑病；研究进展中图分类号：R7222文献标识码：AResearch Progresses of Serum Biomarkers in Neonateswith Hypoxic Ischemic EncephalopathyLAN Xue,CUI Yanfang,CHEN Guoping,YU Jia,ZHAO Yingxin (Department of Neonatology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin150001,China) Abstract：The widespread introduction of therapeutic hypothermia as a standard of care for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)has created an increasing pressure on clinicians to make an early and accurate asse s ment ofthe degree of hypoxicinjury(HI)that occurs and the severity ofthe accompanyingencephalopathy.However,none of the blood-based markersisyetgoodenoughto accuratelydetectsignificantHIorpredictoutcomes.HIEisa s ociatedwith manypredictablechanges in inflammatory proteins,neuron-specific proteins,and MicroRNA expressions that evolve rapidly withinhoursto daysafterbirth.Thecombination of clinical data and biochemicaltestresultsis currentlythe mostpromising approachtoimprovethe detection and prediction of neonatal HIE outcomes.This paper summarizes the current research on SERUM biomarkers of HIE and shows its potentialtopredictHIEresults.Key words:；Serum biomarkers；Newborn；Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy；Progress在新生儿低氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)的管理中，最大的难点是对于HIE的预测、检测和分级，分级的结果会影响治疗干预的方式。
益生菌对阿尔茨海默病作用的研究进展
益生菌对阿尔茨海默病作用的研究进展发布时间：2021-12-14T06:08:15.523Z 来源：《中国结合医学杂志》2021年12期作者：宋鑫萍1,2，李盛钰2，金清1[导读] 阿尔茨海默病已成为威胁全球老年人生命健康的主要疾病之一，患者数量逐年攀升，其护理的经济成本高，给全球经济造成重大挑战。
近年来研究显示，益生菌在适量使用时作为有益于宿主健康的微生物，在防治阿尔茨海默病方面具有积极影响，其作用机制可能通过调节肠道菌群，影响神经免疫系统，调控神经活性物质以及代谢产物，通过肠-脑轴影响该病发生和发展。
宋鑫萍1,2，李盛钰2，金清11.延边大学农学院，吉林延吉 1330022.吉林省农业科学院农产品加工研究所，吉林长春 130033摘要：阿尔茨海默病已成为威胁全球老年人生命健康的主要疾病之一，患者数量逐年攀升，其护理的经济成本高，给全球经济造成重大挑战。
近年来研究显示，益生菌在适量使用时作为有益于宿主健康的微生物，在防治阿尔茨海默病方面具有积极影响，其作用机制可能通过调节肠道菌群，影响神经免疫系统，调控神经活性物质以及代谢产物，通过肠-脑轴影响该病发生和发展。
本文综述了近几年来国内外益生菌对阿尔茨海默病的作用进展，以及其预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病的潜在作用机制。
关键词：益生菌；阿尔茨海默病；肠道菌群；机制Recent Progress in Research on Probiotics Effect on Alzheimer’s DiseaseSONG Xinping1,2，LI Shengyu2，JI Qing1*(1.College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002，China)(2.Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chanchun 130033, China)Abstract：Alzheimer’s disease has become one of the major diseases threatening the life and health of the global elderly. The number of patients is increasing year by year, and the economic cost of nursing is high, which poses a major challenge to the global economy. In recent years, studies have shown that probiotics, as microorganisms beneficial to the health of the host, have a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Its mechanism may be through regulating intestinal flora, affecting the nervous immune system, regulating the neuroactive substances and metabolites, and affecting the occurrence and development of the disease through thegut- brain axis. This paper reviews the progress of probiotics on Alzheimer’s disease at home and abroad in recent years, as well as its potential mechanism of prevention and treatment.Key words：probiotics; Alzheimer’s disease; gut microbiota; mechanism阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease, AD），系中枢神经系统退行性疾病，属于老年期痴呆常见类型，临床特征主要包括：记忆力减退、认知功能障碍、行为改变、焦虑和抑郁等。
Keap1
非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC)发病率占据肺癌的75%~80%。
肿瘤细胞进展快且易扩散转移，临床常采用手术、放化疗等进行治疗，但5年生存率低于60%[1-2]。
氧化应激是由活性氧(ROS)生成量增加所致，ROS积累可诱导肺癌细胞凋亡，清除ROS 可阻止癌细胞凋亡，即肺癌细胞存活依赖于癌细胞自身抗氧化能力[3]。
Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1 (kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein-1，Keap1)/核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor E2related factor 2，Nrf2)信号通路在癌症中发挥重要调控作用，氧化应激可激活Keap1，促使Keap1-Nrf2复合物裂解，Nrf2转移至细胞核内，可激活下游靶基因表达，参与肺癌发生发展过程[4]。
Nrf2可维持氧化还原稳态，ROS侵袭细胞时，Nrf2可进入细胞核，结合抗氧化反应元件(ARE)转录编码各种抗氧化蛋白、代谢酶基因，抑制氧化应激反应[5-6]。
目前氧化应激、Keap1/Nrf2信号通路在NSCLC发生过程中的机制尚未明确。
基于此，本研究尝试分析Keap1/Nrf2信号通路与临床病理参数、氧化应激指标的相关性，探讨其在NSCLC氧化应激机制中的作用，为临床研制新药提供参考依据。
1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取2017年4月至2020年4月郑州市第三人民医院收治的100例NSCLC患者为研究对象。
纳入标准：符合NSCLC诊断标准[7]；术前未接受放化疗、免疫治疗者；预计生存期≥6个月；符合手术适应证、禁忌证；Karnofsky功能状态评分≥70分；签署知情同意书。
排除标准：合并凝血功能障碍、肝肾功能障碍、其他恶性肿瘤者；伴有急/慢性感染者；伴有精神疾病者；既往腹部相关外科手术史者。
所有患者均行肺癌根治性切除术，术中收集癌组织、癌旁组织(距离癌组织5cm范围内正常组织)，其中男性63例，女性37例；年龄46~67岁，平均(56.32±3.16)岁；体质量指数(BMI)17~30kg/m2，平均(23.16±2.03)kg/m2；病理类型：鳞癌58例、腺癌42例；病理分级[8]：Ⅰ~Ⅱ级51例、Ⅲ级49例；T分期[9]：T1~T253例、T3~T447例；N分期：N055例、N1~N245例。
国内中国期刊的英文缩写
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依达拉奉右莰醇治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究进展
- 179 -①滨州医学院附属医院神经内科 山东 滨州 256600通信作者：鹿树军依达拉奉右莰醇治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究进展席娅琳① 汪临华① 鹿树军① 【摘要】 缺血性脑卒中是脑血管疾病中的常见病，严重可导致高级认知及运动障碍，甚至死亡。
缺血性脑卒中的治疗方法主要包括早期溶栓和保护神经细胞等治疗，然而目前神经保护剂的临床疗效有待考证，大多数神经保护剂仍未得出有益的证据。
新型双靶点复合型神经保护剂依达拉奉右莰醇（ED）可抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的表达，降低自由基过氧化亚硝基阴离子（ONOO -）水平，从而改善缺血性脑卒中所致的神经损伤症状、功能障碍及活动障碍，本文将对ED 的作用机制及其应用发展做一综述，并对ED 的临床应用进行展望，为后续的用药提供指导。
【关键词】 缺血性脑卒中 自由基清除剂 神经保护剂 依达拉奉右莰醇 Research Progress of Edaravone Dexborneol in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke/XI Yalin, WANG Linhua, LU Shujun. //Medical Innovation of China, 2024, 21(10): 179-183 [Abstract] Ischemic stroke is a common type of cerebrovascular disease that can lead to advanced cognitive and motor deficits and even death. The treatment of ischemic stroke mainly includes early thrombolysis and neuroprotection. However, the clinical efficacy of neuroprotective agents remains to be verified, and most neuroprotective agents have not yet received useful evidence. Edaravone Dexborneol (ED), a new dual-target neuroprotective agent, can inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), reduce the level of peroxynitrite anion (ONOO -), and improve the symptoms of nerve injury, dysfunction, and activity disorder caused by ischemic stroke. This article will review the mechanism of ED and its application development, and prospect the clinical application of ED, so as to provide guidance for subsequent medication. [Key words] Ischemic stroke Free radical scavenger Neuroprotective agent Edaravone Dextrogenol First-author's address: Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.10.041 脑卒中已成为我国居民寿命的“第一杀手”，其中，急性缺血性脑卒中（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）约占我国脑卒中的70%，为最常见的卒中类型[1-2]。
15523666_迷迭香酸对哮喘小鼠氧化性肺损伤的保护作用
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摘要为评价迷迭香酸对哮 喘 小 鼠 模 型 氧 化 性 肺 损 伤 的 保 护 作 用"本 研 究 用 卵 清 蛋 白 %,(;'致 敏$激 发 雌 性 &;B&&S小鼠建立哮喘模型"并用 ,(; 和 Z"," 联合激发小鼠作为氧化肺损伤阳性对照模型#在最后一次滴鼻激 发 "$O 后 "取 支 气 管 肺 泡 灌 洗 液 %&;B['进 行 细 胞 计 数 并 测 定 活 性 氧 %9,D'$超 氧 化 物 歧 化 酶 %D,''和 谷 胱 甘 肽 过 氧化物酶%1DZ?CQ'水平"取左侧肺脏固定做 Z= 染色#结果显示"迷迭香酸可明显减少 &;B[ 中 细 胞 总 数 和 嗜 酸 性粒细胞数目"显著抑制肺组织和 &;B[ 中 9,D的产生"升高 D,' 和 1DZ?CQ水 平"改 善 肺 组 织 病 理 变 化# 本 试 验 结 果 表 明 "迷 迭 香 酸 对 氧 化 肺 损 伤 起 到 明 显 的 保 护 作 用 # 关 键 词 迷 迭 香 酸 *哮 喘 *氧 化 性 肺 损 伤 *抗 氧 化 中 图 分 类 号 9"0434 文 献 标 识 码 ; 文 章 编 号 !+6!?6":+%"8!6'!"?:+48?8+
BCA法测肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉平滑肌SR膜蛋白浓度
BCA法测肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉平滑肌SR膜蛋白浓度作者：叶兆伟，李洵，王海燕，李尽哲，承伟【摘要】目的测定肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉平滑肌膜蛋白浓度。
方法蔗糖梯度离心法对肺动脉平滑肌膜蛋白进行提取;二喹啉甲酸(Bicinchoninic acid，BCA )法测定膜蛋白浓度;G-6-Pase定量试剂盒测定平滑肌肌浆网(SR)标志酶G-6-Pase活性。
结果经测定MCT组和对照组G-6-Pase活性分别为(19.5±2.41)IU/g和(18.35±2.21)IU/g，明显高于肺动脉平滑肌组织匀浆G-6-Pase活性(1.23±0.14)IU/g和(1.15±0.17)IU/g;测定波长为595 nm，在0.025～0.5 mg/ml时，线性关系良好，r=0.997 6。
结论提取的SR有较高纯度;BCA法可以用于平滑肌SR膜蛋白浓度的测定。
【关键词】野百合碱;肺动脉高压; SR; BCA法目前测定蛋白浓度有很多种方法，其中二喹啉甲酸(Bicinchoninic acid，BCA)法是近来广为应用的蛋白定量方法。
其原理与Lowry法相似，即在碱性环境下蛋白质与Cu2+络合并将Cu2+还原成Cu+。
BCA与Cu+结合形成稳定的蓝紫色复合物，在562 nm处有高的光吸收值并与蛋白浓度成正比，据此可测算蛋白质浓度。
与Lowry法相比，BCA法灵敏度高、操作简单，试剂及其形成的颜色复合物稳定性俱佳，并且受干扰物质影响小。
与Bradford法相比，BCA法的显著优点是受杂质的影响较小，故本文选用BCA法对提取的样品进行蛋白浓度测定。
1 材料与仪器 1.1 动物健康成年Wistar大鼠，雄雌兼用，250～300 g，由辽宁医学院实验动物中心提供。
1.2 试剂野百合碱(MCT)、Tris、马来酸、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)、苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)(美国Sigma公司);抑肽酶(aprotinin)、亮肽素(leupeptin)(Amresco Solarbio公司);BCA蛋白测量试剂盒(北京天来生物医药科技有限公司);葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶定量试剂盒(广州天河天一医药保健品公司);其它试剂均为国产分析纯。
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中16种全氟烷酸类化合物
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中16种全氟烷酸类化合物郑建国;刘葳;张子豪;刘莹峰;李全忠;李丹;彭莹;张增强;周明辉【摘要】采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术建立了纺织品中16种全氟烷酸类化合物的测定方法.样品以甲醇为溶剂,超声提取,C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm)色谱柱分离,流动相为水和甲醇,梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行分析检测.16种全氟烷酸类化合物在1～1 000 ng/mL浓度范围内与对应峰面积呈线性关系.方法定量下限(S/N=10)为0.21～1.53 μg/m2.加标回收率为84.8％～107.4％,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于7.2％.该方法快速简便、准确可靠,适用于纺织品中全氟烷酸类化合物的分析检测.【期刊名称】《分析测试学报》【年(卷),期】2016(035)002【总页数】6页(P213-218)【关键词】纺织品;全氟烷酸;高效液相色谱-串联质谱;测定【作者】郑建国;刘葳;张子豪;刘莹峰;李全忠;李丹;彭莹;张增强;周明辉【作者单位】广东出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510623;五邑大学纺织服装学院,广东江门529020;广东出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510623;广东出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510623;广东出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510623;广东出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510623;广东出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510623;五邑大学纺织服装学院,广东江门529020;广东出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510623【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O657.63;F768.1全氟烷酸是一类人工合成的化合物，由于具有优良的热稳定性、化学稳定性、高表面活性及疏水疏油性能，大量地应用于化工、纺织、皮革和炊具制造等诸多与生活息息相关的领域[1]。
随着对其研究的日益深入，人们逐渐认识到全氟烷酸类化合物具有在生物体内富集的作用，危害人们的健康，因而受到了人们越来越多的关注[2]。
气相色谱法测定异氟烷中三氟乙醇的含量
气相色谱法测定异氟烷中三氟乙醇的含量魏乐坤;贾庆文【摘要】目的建立异氟烷中三氟乙醇残留量的测定方法.方法采用毛细管气相色谱法,色谱柱为PEG-20M石英毛细管柱(0.32mm×30m,0.25μm),用外标法定量.结果待测杂质三氟乙醇在0.004%～0.012%浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.0%.结论此方法简单、准确、灵敏度高,可用于异氟烷中三氟乙醇残留量的检测.【期刊名称】《药学研究》【年(卷),期】2010(029)011【总页数】2页(P666-667)【关键词】毛细管气相色谱法;异氟烷;三氟乙醇【作者】魏乐坤;贾庆文【作者单位】山东省医药工业研究所,山东,济南,250101;山东省医药工业研究所,山东,济南,250101【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R927.2异氟烷是吸入麻醉药,在国内外有良好的市场前景.由于该药制备工艺中使用三氟乙醇作为起始物料,按照国外注册的要求,需要检测三氟乙醇的残留,本文采用毛细管气相色谱法测定,并参照ICH分析方法验证指南对方法进行验证,结果表明方法的灵敏度高,结果准确.1 仪器与试药Agilent 6890N气相色谱仪.二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、三氟乙醇均为分析纯;异氟烷样品,山东科源制药有限公司生产批号:1006057、1006058、1006059.2 方法与结果2.1 色谱条件色谱柱:PEG-20M石英毛细管柱(0.32mm ×30m,0.25μm).柱温:100℃,气化室温度:180℃.检测器: FID,温度200℃.载气:氮气,流速1.5mL·min-1.2.2 溶液制备对照溶液的制备:精密称取三氟乙醇约1g,置100mL加有适量DMF的容量瓶中,振摇,再加DMF稀释至刻度,摇匀,分取1mL,置100mL容量瓶中,再加DMF稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为三氟乙醇对照液(浓度:0.1mg· mL-1).供试品溶液:异氟烷样品.2.3 重复性实验精密量取三氟乙醇对照品溶液,按上述条件,连续进样6次,记录峰面积,计算相对标准偏差 RSD (%),结果 RSD为1.6%.表1 重复性实验结果测定次数 1 2 3 4 5 6 平均峰面积 58.6 59.8 56.9 58.4 58.3 58.7 58.45 RSD(%) 1.592.4 标准曲线和线性范围精密称取三氟乙醇约1g,置100mL加有适量DMF的容量瓶中,振摇,再加DMF稀释至刻度,摇匀,分别精密量取此溶液0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2mL,置100mL量瓶中,加DMF稀释至刻度,摇匀.各取上述溶液,按规定条件进样,记录色谱图,以溶液浓度C对峰面积A作线性回归,计算回归方程及相关系数,结果回归方程为A=5800C+0.04,相关系数r=0.9996,三氟乙醇溶液在0.04～0.12mg·mL-1浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系.表2 浓度与峰面积关系浓度(C,mg·mL-1) 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12峰面积(A) 23.2 35 45.9 58.8 69.32.3 回收率试验精密称取三氟乙醇约0.8g(80%)、1.0g (100%)、1.2g(120%)各三份,分别置 100mL加有适量DMF的容量瓶中,振摇,再加DMF稀释至刻度,摇匀,分取1mL,置100mL容量瓶中,再加DMF稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为实验溶液;另精密称取三氟乙醇1.0g,置100mL加有适量DMF的容量瓶中,振摇,再加DMF稀释至刻度,摇匀,分取1mL,置100mL容量瓶中,再加DMF稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为对照溶液. 分别精密量取上述对照溶液和实验溶液,按规定条件,分别进样,记录色谱图,计算,平均回收率(n=9)为99.0%,RSD为1.9%.2.4 检测限和定量限取回收率项下三氟乙醇对照液稀释100倍,按分析方法规定条件进样,信噪比约3∶1,检测限为1ppm.取回收率项下三氟乙醇对照液稀释50倍,按分析方法规定条件进样,信噪比约10∶1,定量限为2ppm.2.5 样品的测定分别取异氟烷连续三批样品(批号为1006057、1006058、1006059),按拟定的分析方法检查苯溶剂残留量,结果所有批号均未检出三氟乙醇,三氟乙醇对照溶液的图谱见图1.图1 三氟乙醇对照溶液的色谱图3 讨论3.1 溶媒的选择按照欧美药典(EP6.0及USP32)的要求,溶媒应选用水、DMF、DMSO或其他适宜溶媒.如选用水,则样品与水不能混溶;改用DMF,且DMF沸点高,不干扰待测组分的分离测定.因此选取DMF为样品的溶媒.在实验中经过考察三氟乙醇、DMF与异氟烷的分离良好,符合检测要求,见图2.图2 三氟乙醇、DMF与异氟烷分离色谱图1-三氟乙醇,2-异氟烷,3-DMF3.2 国家药品标准未规定对三氟乙醇的残留限度检查,按照欧美等国的注册要求应对起始物料的可能残留量进行控制和讨论,本文采用毛细管气相色谱法对三氟乙醇的残留进行检测,方法的回收率、精密度及检测限等均达到要求,对合成工艺中有机溶剂残留量的控制,满足国外出口产品有机溶剂残留量检测要求有一定指导意义.。