关于组织2008年冬季全国大学英语四、六级、
2008年12月英语四级答案.(含解析)
2008年12月si ji da an1.A).【定位】由提干中的Stella Bianchi, mother 定位到第三段1-2句：“The boy‟s mother ran toward me from across the park ,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for …disciplining her child ‟.【精解】段首处设题。
文章提到Stella本以为孩子的母亲是来道歉的，A）与此一致。
本体关键在于定位答案。
2.D)【定位】由提干中的deal with other people‟s children 定位到第四段：Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people‟s children has become a minefield.【精解】段末设题，这句话的意思是：管教别人的孩子如进雷区，“minefield”这个词固然生僻，一可根据mine“地雷”的意思进行判断；二可通过上文进行推断。
上句提出管教自己的孩子已经很难了，两句之间是递进关系，推断管教别人孩子更不容易。
D）项与此相符。
3.B)【定位】由题干中的Professor Naomi White, criticize定位到第七段最后一句：We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‟re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that‟s somehow a criticism of me.【精解】段末设题。
文章指出“如果你说我的孩子做的不对，那就有些批评我的意味了。
关于认真组织好年月全国大学英语四六级考试
教务通字[2014]57 号关于认真组织好2014年12月全国大学英语四六级考试和高等学校大学英语应用能力考试的通知各院、部、处、校区：2014年12月全国大学英语四、六级（CET）考试和普通高校大学英语应用能力（PRETCO-A）考试将于12月20-21日举行。
为组织好此次考试，现将有关事项和安排通知如下：一、考试时间和地点（一）时间1、CET4：2014年12月20日上午 9：00－11：252、CET6：2014年12月20日下午15：00－17：253、英语应用能力考试：2014年12月21日上午9：00－11：00（二）地点：1、CET4考试地点：河西考区：公共教学楼、包印楼、包设楼工学院考区：主教学楼、电教楼2、CET6考试地点：河西考区：公共教学楼工学院考区：主教学楼3、英语应用能力考试地点：河西考区：公共教学楼工学院考区：主教学楼注意：以上教学楼在考试期间，教学楼封闭。
考试期间有课的学院请提早按规定程序办理好调(停)课手续。
二、考试组织机构我校CET考点设两个考区：河西考区、工学院考区；英语应用能力考试设两个考区：河西考区、工学院考区。
为了顺利组织和调配整个考试，根据省考试院文件精神，CET、PRETCO-A实行主考负责制，设主考办公室负责我校考点的全面工作，主考办公室下设若干个考区考务办公室。
主考办公室成员：1、考务领导小组：组长：金继承副组长：倪正顺、刘常云、文爱军成员：张发明、易小斌、杨辉、燕环球、陈若松、李晓翼、李永清、吴永辉、吴功玉、宣艳、黎明、余勇、李学刚、向华政、康迎新、邵军、文岳东2、巡视人员：省市巡视员、唐未兵、陈邵桂、监察处成员、督导团成员、教学评估处成员3、主考：金继承4、副主考：刘常云、文爱军5、考务专干：文岳东、汪晓锋、罗成6、考区负责人：河西考区：刘常云、易小斌、杨辉工学院考区：张发明、邵军7、考试违纪作弊事故处理小组组长：刘常云成员：各考区负责人、罗成、邵军及各学院学工系统人员8、后勤保障：宣艳9、保密保卫：李晓翼及保卫处人员10、考场管理：李永清及现教中心人员三、考务办公室及收发卷地点1、主考办公室设在河西考区公共教学楼205-1室（电话：22183130）2、各考区考务办公室：工学院考区考务办：工学院主教楼305室（电话：）和电教楼303室（电话：22622091）3、试卷收发地点：1）河西考区：公共教学楼： 203、204教室包印楼： 108教室包设楼： 209教室2）工学院考区：主教楼考场收发卷在主教楼301教室；电教楼考场收发卷在电教楼305教室。
2008年下半年大学英语四六级考试考务工作安排
2012年上半年全国大学英语四六级考试考务工作安排一、学校名称、代码、语种级别、报名人数1、学校名称：江苏科技大学学校代码：32131校区名称：江苏科技大学东校区校区代码：1江苏科技大学南校区校区代码：2 江苏科技大学西校区校区代码：3江苏科技大学张家港校区校区代码：42、语种级别、报名人数：（1）大学英语四级（CET4）：4033人其中：东校区571人；南校区1889人；西校区1074人；张家港校区499人（2）大学英语六级（CET6）：9553人其中：东校区2500人；南校区2042人；西校区2646人；张家港校区2365人（3）小语种：20人其中：日语四级10人；日语六级1人；德语四级3人；法语四级6人报名人数合计：13606人二、主考、校专家巡视员1、主考、副主考名单主考：戴跃伟副主考：陶海洋周树军2、校教学专家组巡视人员名单四级：东校区：李巧改南校区：朱慧敏盛福兴王苏海西校区：潘一乐张家港：万石建六级：东校区：李巧改方开翔张晓如王苏海南校区：朱慧敏盛福兴徐绍祥西校区：潘一乐郭文录施金龙王海龙张家港：杨福章万石建施国华3、各学院领导巡视人员名单四级：东校区：屠文伟嵇春艳蒋磊陈煜南校区：张国昌吴庆祁凯刘彩生西校区：王国金季更生仲崇光六级：东校区：邹家生高尚刘占超朱金于立东南校区：张国昌徐琳蒋宏志陈澜朱明星西校区：田剑田雨波王长征杨建超赖忠民杨亚洲三、考务工作人员名单1、四级东校区（负责人：尹群姚双良）孙惠琴顾祥生邓小青程小宛南校区（负责人：张国昌邓敏）谢婷婷肖琴江静叶云卞建国杨琴时云龙西校区（负责人：李滨城沈江勇）杜长江陈海关殷瑶琴苏贞郭甜张家港校区（负责人：王明强王树利）姚徐陈新杜晓明王勇2、六级东校区（负责人：尹群姚双良）孙惠琴顾祥生马延华邓小青徐海玲许洁程小宛殷瑶琴时云龙南校区（负责人：张国昌邓敏）谢婷婷肖琴江静叶云卞建国杨琴潘宇星西校区（负责人：李滨城沈江勇）杜长江陈海关苏贞郭甜缪芸芸李悦孟春凤喻永光张家港校区（负责人：王明强王树利）姚徐陈新王勇杜晓明彭秀芳王丽敏周夫利范晨包律婷四、场外监考人员名单1、四级东校区谷福英南校区潘进石婕秦九斌西校区邵长斌孟春凤张家港校区黄鹂2、六级东校区戴玉群肖民韩菁菁周琨窦慧莉南校区张丹秦九斌刘嘎琼西校区潘进夏燕琴黄素梅邵长斌张家港校区肖沛黄鹂陈芸五、放音人员及电台放音频率东校区郑金权杨睿FM 84.5MHZ 备用为同频率南校区曾蓉谢婷婷FM 84.5MHZ 备用81 MHZ西校区吴雁何进华FM 84.5MHZ 备用为同频率张家港季梦怡杜晓明FM 74.1MHZ 备用为同频率六、考试工作人员培训和考务办地点1、培训地点东校区：演讲厅、综C301 南校区：综合楼2－102西校区：综合楼102张家港校区：教学楼B1042、考务办地点东校区：教3－105、106南校区：综合楼1－101、综合楼2－107西校区：综合楼119张家港校区：A2033、医务室、考生休息室、备用教室东校区：教3－104南校区：综合楼1－108西校区：综合楼108张家港校区：A301江苏科技大学教务处学籍与考务科2012年6月6日江苏科技大学2012年上半年全国大学英语四六级考试安排表江苏科技大学教务处二O一二年六月六日。
全国大学英语四、六级考试监考、考务人员培训18
2.监考员１保护试卷袋，并听取考场指令， 监考员２指导考生在考场座位表上规定的 位置签字，指导考生按准考证上的座位号 入座。
注：监考名单上每个考场前一位监考老师 为监考员1，后一位为监考员2 。
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18
9点正（4级）/15点正（6级）
3.禁止迟到考生入场。 4.监考员启封试卷袋。 注意：监考员先向全体考生展示试卷袋密 封完好，启封前，请第一位和最后一位考 在试卷袋封口处签名。随即当众启封并核 对无误后，先发答题卡1和答题卡2。答题 卡袋内装有试卷密封条，一定要注意保存 好。考试结束后装答题卡时请先将试卷封 条取出，再装答题卡。
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考试材料：试卷袋1包，内装：
①试题册（A卷15份 + B卷15份） ②答题卡1专用袋（30份）
试卷袋启封时注 意“小舌头”
③答题卡2专用袋（30份）
④答题卡袋密封签（2条）--注意妥善保管 ⑤试卷袋密封签（1条）
注意：试卷启封时注意保持试
卷袋的完好
监考人员坚持一人在前、一人在后认真监考
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8点05分（4级）/14点05分（6级）
监考老师到考务办公室领取试卷
考务办公室: 2#312、 2#313
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8点40 分（4级）/14点40分（6级）
1.组织考生入场。 监考员2在考场门口逐一检查考生准考证、 有效身份证件上的照片是否与本人相符， 检查准考证上考场号是否与本考场号相符， 检查并禁止考生携带违规物品入场。考生 携带的与考试无关的物品集中放到讲台前 面（特别是手机） 考前监考老师强调，所有考生手机必须关 机，考试过程中手机响当作弊处理。
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强调:
2008年12月大学英语六级真题试题及答案(A卷)
之2008年12月大学英语六级真题试题及答案(A卷)2008年12月大学英语六级真题试题及答案(A卷)一、阅读理解第1题：sustainable development is applied to just about eberything from energy to clean water and economic growth,and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use.this is especially true in agriculture,where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of histrorcal and cultural perspectives.To start with,it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history,and will continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed,clothed and shelered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today.it had minimal effect on biodiversity,and any pollution it caused was typically localized.in termsof energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial petion from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields.throughout this period food became cheaper,safe and more reliable.however,these changes have alsoled to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity.What’smore,demand for animal products in d eveloping countrics is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and in dustry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.this will require radical thinking.for example,we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones.we also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability,which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.instead we need a more dynamic interpretation,one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used.there are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield:energy use, environmental costs,water purity,carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example,that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from spain to the UK Is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting.but we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.1. How do people ofen measure progress in agriculture?A) By its productivity C) By its impact on the environmetB) By its sustainability D) By its contribution to economic growth2. Specialisation and the effort to incease yields have esulted in________.A) Localised pollution C) competition from overseasB) the shrinking of farmland D) the decrease of biodiversity3.What does the author think of traditional farming practices?A)They have remained the same over the centuriesB)They have not kept pace with population growthC)They are not necessarily sustainableD)They are environmentally friendly4.What will agriculture be like in the 21st centuryA) It will go through radical changesB) It will supply more animal productsC) It will abandon traditional farming practicesD) It will cause zero damage to the environment5 What is the author’s purpose in writing this pass age?A) To remind people of the need of sustainable developmentB) To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food productionC) To adance new criteria for measuring farming progressD) To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：A5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第2题：The percentage of immigrants(including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point ince the mid1920s We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluing America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort fo necomers.Their loudest citecs argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot,and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong.In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail , to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than thir parents UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continme. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson,of the University of Michigan,has foud a simila rend among black Caribbean immigrants,Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that largeparts of the community may become mired in a seemingly state of poverty and Underachievement . Like African-Americans, Mexican-americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated, substandyrd schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any 儿童会nic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adoptAmerican ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about ho wto ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t fovever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the lasest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right。
2008年12月大学英语四级考试听力真题及答案
2008年12月大学英语四级考试听力真题及答案Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A) Only true friendship can last long.B) Letter writing is going out of style.C) She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. A) A painter. C) A porter.B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.14.A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely busy recently.C) He has gained some weight lately.D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15.A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.16.A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attendB) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem18.A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20.A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21.A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees’resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23.A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24.A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25 A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26 A)To introduce the chief of the city’s police forceB)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC)To address the issue of community securityD)To explain the functions of the city council27 A)He has distinguished himself in city managementB)He is head of the International Police ForceC)He completed his higher education abroadD)He holds a master’s degree in criminology28 A)To coordinate work among police departmentsB)To get police officers closer to the local peopleC)To help the residents in times of emergencyD)To enable the police to take prompt action29 A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassage Two30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicateB)there are numerous languages in existenceC)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languages31 A)it is a sign of human intelligenceB)in improves with constant practiceC)it is something we are born withD)it varies from person to person32 A)how private languages are developedB)how different languages are relatedC)how people create their languagesD)how children learn to use languagePassage Three33 A)she was a tailorB)she was an engineerC)she was an educatorD)she was a public speaker34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35.A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spacesuits protect spacemenC) How NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CDirections : In this section .you will hear a passage three time. When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2008年6月英语四,六级(CET)及应用能力B级考试报名通知(老校区)
2008年6月英语四、六级（CET）及应用能力B级考试报名通知(老校区)一、考试时间：CET4: 2008年6月21日上午；CET6: 初定于2008年6月21日下午；应用能力B级：初定于2008年6月22日下午左右(具体时间另行通知)二、报名对象：CET4：我院修完大学英语四级课程的在校学生（我院二年级及其以上年级的学生）。
CET6：我院修完大学英语六级课程且2005年6月及其以后CET4成绩达到425分及其以上，或以前CET4取得合格证的在校学生。
应用能力B级：我院大二、大三专科在校学生三、报名流程：1、网络报名：报名时学生使用本人学号登陆/jwc/学生服务系统，登录成功后请检查个人信息（身份证号、相片等）是否正确，若信息不全或有误请在个人工具里修改完善，再进入各种报名――英语等级报名，选择相应的报名等级进行报名；报名完毕后请点击“确定报名”按钮，并关闭窗口。
本次考试学生网络报名时间为08年3月24日（周一）上午9：00－3月26日（周三）下午17：00。
（请同学们相互转告）2、注意：报名成功后，请退出系统并再次登陆系统检查报名是否成功，信息是否正确；若信息有误请先退掉当前报名，然后进入“个人工具”，将个人信息修改正确后并再次报名；网络报名期间同学们可以随时补报、退报、修改信息；整个网络报名截止后不能再进行任何信息修改，请务必引起重视。
3、信息确认及收费：网络报名结束后，请辅导员老师于3月27日登录/jwc教师服务系统，在网上核对学生报名信息；若学生有信息更改或补报请于3月27日当天及时在辅导员老师处进行操作。
请辅导员老师于3月28日先到教务处学籍管理办公室核对报名信息，核对无误后再将报名费（英语四六级(CET)：50元/人、应用能力B级：40元/人）统一交到财务科。
四、特别提醒：1、敬请考生务必在规定时间内完成报名，3月26日下午17：00后将关闭对学生的网络报名，3月27日可在辅导员老师处进行信息更改或补报，3月28日早9:00将关闭整个网络报名系统，过时不予受理。
2008.6英语四级真题+详细答案
大学英语四级考试全国统考试卷（2008年6月）1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) 10% Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose thebest answer from the four choices marked ABCD, for questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television's influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf, Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheernumber of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation(发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards(广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes-satellite and Internet radio-will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women's titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated., for example, you will have much in common with the magazine's other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertisers using the print media---magazines and newspapers---will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspaper. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed (分散) than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.2Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations' advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well.Direct mailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client's message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2008年12月大学英语四级真题解析+听力原文(1)
2008年12月大学英语四级考试试题解析Part I Writing* 解题思路1. 审解题目：本文为问题解决类作文。
首先提出一种社会现象；然后对这一现象所带来的问题进行分析和阐述；最后对解决这一问题的方法进行论述：赞成或反对。
2. 写作步骤：本文为提纲式作文，写作应按照试卷上给出的汉语提纲进行，分三段将所涉及内容论述清楚：第一段：引出一次性塑料袋在人们生活中广泛使用的现象；第二段：列举使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题；第三段：对限制使用一次性塑料袋这一政策阐述自己的观点：可以支持以上观点，并进行总结强调；也可以否定以上观点，并提出反对理由。
范文：Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic BagsPlastic bags have been an indispensable part of our daily life for many years. But recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people’s concern.Although plastic bags have brought great convince to people, it has also caused a lot of problems. First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes great harm to our environment. As these bags can not be discomposed, they pollute the field and water. Besides, plastic bags do harm to people’s health as well, because they are made of chemical materials which may contamin ate our food. What’s more, the over use of plastic bags is also a kind of waste of resources.Therefore, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags is of great significance. This policy not only enhances people’s awareness of environmental protection, but also reduce the waste of resources. In short, we should do our best to limit the use of plastic bags for ourselves and for the next generation.经典句式:1. Recently, the problem of … has become the focus of the public concern.2. It is important to poin t out that…3. On one hand, … . On the other hand, …4. Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that …5. First of all, … . Besides, …. What’s more, …6. … is of great significance.7. It is high time that we put an end to …Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)* 解题思路1. 【答案】 A【解析】本题的定位信息是Stella Bianchi, 答案来自第三段第一句Stella says, “I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for ‘disciplinin g her child’”. 意思是：Stella说：“我原以为她是过来是要道歉的，但是相反由于我“教育她的孩子”，她却冲我大喊大叫。
2008年12月全国大学英语六级考试
2008年12月全国大学英语四、六级考试监考人员注意事项2008年下半年全国大学英语四、六级考试（以下简称CET）将于12月20日举行。
CET属于国家教育统一考试，为维护考试的严肃性，确保试卷安全和考试质量，加强考务管理，严防集体违纪舞弊事件的发生，根据教育部考试中心关于CET考务管理的有关规定和山东省教育招生考试院的有关要求，现将有关问题通知如下：一、考试有关的基本信息（一）考试时间12月20日上午9:00开始进行大学英语四级考试，12月20日下午3：00开始进行大学英语六级考试。
各语种级别的考试全过程时间及收卷时间见下表：注：英语四、六级考试分A、B卷。
（二）考场设置本次考试共有10221名学生在我校考点报名参加六个语种级别的考试，其中6385人报考英语四级(设置213个考场)，3836人报考英语六级(设置128个考场)。
除我校学生外，还有威海职业学院的2731名学生和山东药品食品职业学院的142名学生在我校考点报名。
（三）学校代码学校代码：37221 学校名称：山东大学威海分校校区：山东大学威海分校校区代码：0（四）监考办法监考人员考试前随机抽取监考考场，具体实施办法如下：一名监考员甲和一名监考员乙编为一组，两场考试的分组固定；1至128组要监考英语四级和英语六级两场考试，129至213组只监考英语四级考试。
上午四级考试时，两名监考人员于7：50到考试联络室（1-59组在文学楼416的大外部会议室，60-119组在文学楼309的翻译学院会议室，120－213组在学院楼246的商学院学术报告厅）抽取考场并领取试卷、工具袋（考场标签、考生桌贴、考场记录单、考生签到表）、调频耳机。
下午六级考试时，两名监考人员于13：50到考试联络室（1-42组在文学楼416的大外部会议室，43-85组在文学楼309的翻译学院会议室，86－128组在学院楼246的商学院学术报告厅）抽取考场并领取试卷、工具袋（考场标签、考生桌贴、考场记录单、考生签到表）、调频耳机。
2008年大学英语四六级评分标准
2008年大学英语四六级评分标准
写作：
33分--条理不清、思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
39分--基本切题。
表达思想不清楚连贯性差。
有较多严重的语言错误。
45分--基本切题。
有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
57分--切题。
表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
67分--切题。
表达思想清楚，文字通顺。
连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
文字不足酌情扣分：100-119扣1分；90-99扣3分；80-89扣4分；70-79扣5分；60-69扣6分；50-59扣7分；不足50扣9分。
听力：
听力理解共35个，包括短对话、长对话、短文听力及短文听写：听力对话及短文听力共25题，每1题算1个，共25个；短文听写共11题，其中单词听写8题，每2题算1个，句子听写共2题，每1题算2个，共10个。
阅读：
阅读理解共35个，包括快速阅读，篇章词汇或短句问答，篇章阅读：快速阅读共10题，每1题算1个，共10个；篇章词汇每2个空算1个，短句问答共5题或8题，每1题算1个或0.625个，共5个；篇章阅读共10题，每1题算2个，共20个。
综合：
综合测试共15个，包括完形或改错，翻译。
完形共20题，每2题算1个，共10个；改错共10题，每1题算1个，共10个；翻译共5题，每1题算1个，共5个。
2008年12月大学英语四级答案
2008年12月大学英语四级答案(A卷)答案提供：江涛英语四六级团队PART I WritingPART II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1.A2.D3.B4.A5.B6.B7.D8.challenged9.can be prounf of10.stay silentPART III ListeningComprehension11.D12.A13.C14.C15.D16.B17.A18.B19.A20.D21.D22.C23.B24.C25.A26.A27.D28.B29.C30.B31.C32.D33.B34.C35.A36.trend37.phenomenon38.scene39.offences40.murder41.particularly42.explosion43.associated44.chaning national borders greater econmic growth and the lack of accepted soci al ideas of right and wrong45.are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America f or most of its history.46.failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime probl emsPART IV Reading Comprehension47. F/ desire48. K/ naturally49. H/ escape50. G/ diversity51. N/ respect52. I/ establishing53. B/ characters54. A/ abundant55. O/ widen56. M/ properly58.B59.A60.D61.B62.B63.D64.B65.A66.CPART V Cloze67.A68.D69.A70.B71.D72.C73.B74.C75.B76.D78.C79.D80.C81.B82.A83.D84.B85.C86.APART VI Translation87.they haven't got answers yet88.what most parents care89.in case that the weather get cold90.decided to start their own business91.till a doctor discoverd it accidentally 交大外院版:08年12月大学英语四级答案(A卷)快速阅读1. A2. D3. B4. A5. C6. B7. D8. challenged9. can be proud of10. stay silent听力11. D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12. D) A painter.13. C) Make inquires elsewhere.14. C) He has gained some weight lately.15. D) He doesn't like abstract paintings.16. B) She may have put her notebook amid the journals.17. A) She wants to get some sleep.18. B) His chance of getting the job is slim.19. A He can manage his time more flexible.20. D Searching its website.21. D To utilize its retired employee's resources.22 C See a piece of property.23. B It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.24. C It may now be big enough for raising corn.25. A Finances.26. A) To introduce the chief of the city' police force.27. D) He holds a master's degree in criminology.28. B) To get police officers closer to the local people.29. C) Effective.30. B) There are numerous languages in existence.31. C) It is something we are born with.32. D) How children learn to use language.33. B) She was an engineer.34. C) Adjusting them to different audiences.35. A) Whether spacemen carry weapons.36 trend37 phenomenon38 scene39 offenses40 murder41 particularly42 explosion43 associated44 changing national borders, greater economic growth, and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America f or most of its history46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime probl ems阅读47. F/ desire48. K/ naturally49. H/ escape50. G/ diversity51. N/ respect52. I/ establishing53. B/ characters54. A/ abundant55. O/ widen56. M/ properly57 A they are more likely to survive serious diseases today.58 B men don't seek medical care as often as women,59 D it would be a big misfortune.60 D unwillingness to find out about one's decease because of fear.61 B they will save money in the long run.62 B customer would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around th em.63 A new customer are bound to replace old ones.64 B won't have to trouble parking their cars.65 A manners of the salespeople66 C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly.完型67. A. among68. D. sponsor69. A. access70. B. less71. D. lack72. C. fees73. B. as74. A. maintain75. B. first76. D. when77. A. realized78. C. strongly79. D. led80. C. particular81. B. environment82. A. encouraging83. D. at84. B. how85. C. produce86. A. growing翻译87. to which they presently haven’t yet found any solutions88. What most parents are concerned about89. in case it gets cold90. decided to run their own businesses91. until a doctor found it by accident上海交大外院四六级专家团。
2008年12月全国大学英语六级考试真题和答案
5.A little older…
Some groups of people just happen to be fatter than others.surveys carried out by the US national center for health statisties found that adults aged 40 to 79 were around three times as likely to be obese as younger people.non-white females also tend to fall at the fatter end of the spectreum:Mexican-american women are 30% more likely than white women to be obsess,and black women have twice the risk.
2008年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案_(精编文档).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】2008年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How To Improve Student's Mental Health?.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.大学生的心理健康十分重要2.因此，学校可以……3.我们自己应当……How To Improve Student's Mental Health?________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Supersize SurpriseAsk anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that it’s al down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it. Yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. Many now believe that something else must have changed in our environment to precipitate(促成) such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two” – reduced physical activity and increased availability of food –are not important contributors to the epidemic, but they cannot explain it all.Earlier this year a review paper by 20obesity experts set out the 7 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.1.Not enough sleepIt is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat?Several large-scale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Ex amination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses’Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than whose who slept 7.It’s well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses’ study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may precipitate weight gain.Although getting figures is difficult, it appears that we really are sleeping less. In 1960 people in the US slept an average of 8.5 hours per night. A 2002 poll by the National Sleep Foundation suggests that the average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored by the increase in obesity.2.Climate controlWe humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of what’s going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy unless we are in the “thermo-neutral zone”, which is increasingly where we choose to live and work.There is no denying that ambient temperatures(环境温度) have changed in the past few decades. Between 1970 and 2000, the average British home warmed from a chilly 13C to 18C. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditioning rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states – where obesity rates tend to be highest –the number of houses with air conditioning has shot up to 71% from 37% in 1978.Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight?Sadly，there is some evidence that it does-at least with regard to heating.Studies show that in comfortable temperatures we use less energy.3.Less smokingBad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.Katherine Flegal and colleagues at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville, Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness. From data collected around 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, they worked out that people who had quit in the previous decade were much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked .Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were overweight compared with 37% of non-smokers and only 28%of smokers.4.Genetic effectsYours chances of becoming fat may be set, at least in part, before you were even born. Children of obese mothers are much more likely to become obese themselves later in life. Offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet during pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspring of identical mice fed a normal diet. Intriguingly, the effect persists for two or three generations. Grandchildren of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fed normally-so you fate may have been sealed even before you were conceived.5.A little older…Some groups of people just happen to be fatter than others. Surveys carried out by the US national center for health statistics found that adults aged 40 to 79 were around three times as likely to be obese as younger people. Non-white females also tend to fall at the fatter end of the spectrum: Mexican-American women are 30% more likely than white women to be obsess, and black women have twice the risk.In the US, these groups account for an increasing percentage of the population. Between 1970 and 2000 the US population aged 35 to 44 grew by43%.the proportion of Hispanic-Americans also grew, from under 5% to 12.5% of the population, while the proportion of black Americans increased from 11%to12.3%.these changes may account in part for the increased prevalence of obesity.6.Mature mumsMothers around the world are getting older. in the UK, the mean age for having a first child is 27.3,compared with 23.7 in 1970 .mean age at first birth in the US has also increased, rising from 21.4 in 1970 to 24.9 in 2000.This would be neither here nor there if it weren’t for the observation that having an older mother seems to be an independent risk factor for obesity. Results from the US national heart, lung and blood institute’s study found that the odds of a child being obese increase 14% for every five extra years of their mother’s age, though why this should be so is not entirely clear.Michael Symonds at the University of Nottingham, UK, found that first-born children have more fat than younger ones. As family size decreases, firstborns account for a greater share of the population. In 1964, British women gave birth to an average of 2.95 children; by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79. In the US in1976, 9.6% of woman in their 40s had only one child; in 2004 it was 17.4%. this combination of older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.7.Like marrying likeJust as people pair off according to looks, so they do for size. Lean people are more likely to marry lean and fat more likely to marry fat. On its own, like marrying like cannot account for any increase in obesity. But combined with others—particularly the fact that obesity is partly genetic, and that heavier people have more children—it amplifies the increase form other causes.1. What is the passage mainly about?A) E ffects of obesity on people’s healthB) The link between lifestyle and obesityC) New explanations for the obesity epidemicD) Possible ways to combat the obesity epidemic2. In the US N urse’ Health Study, women who slept an average of 7 hours a night_______.A) gained the least weightB) were inclined to eat lessC) found their vigor enhancedD) were less susceptible to illness3. The popular belief about obesity is that___________.A) it makes us sleepyB) it causes sleep lossC) it increases our appetiteD) it results from lack of sleep4. How does indoor heating affect our life?A) it makes us stay indoors moreB) it accelerates our metabolic rateC) it makes us feel more energeticD) it contributes to our weight gain5. What does the author say about the effect of nicotine on smokers?A) it threatens their healthB) it heightens their spiritsC) it suppresses their appetiteD) it slows down their metabolism6. Who are most likely to be overweight according to Katherine Fergal’s study?A) heavy smokersB) passive smokersC) those who never smokeD) those who quit smoking7. According to the US National Center for Health Statistics, the increased obesity in the US is a result of_______.A) the growing number of smokers among young peopleB) the rising proportion of minorities in its populationC) the increasing consumption of high-calorie foodsD) the improving living standards of the poor people8. According to the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the reason why older mothers’ children tend to be obese remains __________.9. According to Michael Symonds, one factor contributing to the obesity epidemic is decrease of ___________.10. When two heavy people get married, chances of their children getting fat increase, because obesity is _____________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He is quite easy to recognizeB) He is an outstanding speakerC) He looks like a movie starD) He looks young for his age12. A) consult her dancing teacherB) take a more interesting classC) continue her dancing classD) improve her dancing skills13. A) the man did not believe what the woman saidB) the man accompanied the woman to the hospitalC) the woman may be suffering from repetitive strain injuryD) the woman may not followed the doctor’s instructions14. A) they are not in style any moreB) they have cost him far too muchC) they no longer suit his eyesightD) they should be cleaned regularly15. A) he spilled his drink onto the floorB) he has just finished wiping the floorC) he was caught in a shower on his way homeD) he rushed out of the bath to answer the phone16. A) fixing some furnitureB) repairing the toy trainC) reading the instructionsD) assembling the bookcase17. A) urge Jenny to spend more time on studyB) help Jenny to prepare for the coming examsC) act towards Jenny in a more sensible wayD) send Jenny to a volleyball training center18. A) The building of the dam needs a large budgetB) The proposed site is near the residential areaC) The local people feel insecure about the damD) The dam poses a threat to the local environmentQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. It saw the end of its booming years worldwideB. Its production and sales reached record levels.C. It became popular in some foreign countriesD. Its domestic market started to shrink rapidly.20. A. They cost less. C. They were in fashion.B. They tasted better. D. They were widely advertised.21. A. It is sure to fluctuate. C. It will remain basically stable.B. It is bound to revive. D. It will see no more monopoly Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A. Organising protests C. Acting as its spokesman.B. Recruiting members D. Saving endangered animals.23. A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations B. Anti-nuclear campaignsC. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floorD. Removing industrial waste.24. A. By harassing them. C. By taking legal action.B. By appealing to the public D. By resorting to force.25. A. Doubtful C. Indifferent.B. Reserved D. SupportiveSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A. The air becomes still. C. The clouds block the sun.B. The air pressure is low. D. The sky appears brighter.27. A. Ancient people were better at foretelling the weather.B. Sailors’ saying about the weather are unreliable.C. People knew long ago how to predict the weather.D. It was easier to forecast the weather in the old days.28. A. Weather forecast is getting more accurate today.B. People can predict the weather by their sensesC. Who are the real experts in weather forecast.D. Weather changes affect people’s life remarkablyPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A. They often feel insecure about their jobs.B. They are unable to decide what to do first.C. They feel burdened with numerous tasks every day.D they feel burdened with numerous tasks every day30. A. Analyze them rationally. C. Turn to others for help.B. Draw a detailed to-do list. D. Handle them one by one.31. A. They have accomplished little. C. They have worked out a way to relax.B. They feel utterly exhausted. D. They no longer feel any sense of guilt. Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A. Their performance may improve.B. Their immune system may be reinforcedC. Their blood pressure may rise all of a sudden.D. Their physical development may be enhanced.33. A. Improved mental functioning C. Speeding up of blood circulationB. Increased susceptibility to disease D. Reduction of stress-related hormones34. A. Pretend to be in better shape. C. Turn more often to friends for helpB. Have more physical exercise. D. Pay more attention to bodily sensations.35. A. Different approaches to coping with stress.B. Various causes for serious health problems.C. The relationship between stress and illness.D. New finding of medical research on stress.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.One of the most common images of an advanced, Western-style culture is that of a busy, traffic-filled city. Since their first (36) ______ on American roadways, automobiles have become a (37) ______ of progress, a source of thousands of jobs and an almost inalienable right for citizens’ personal freedom of movement. In recent (38) _______, our “love affair” with the car is being (39) ________ directly to the developing world, and it is increasingly (40) _______ that this transfer is leading to disaster.American’s almost complete dependence on automobiles has been a terrible mistake. As late as the 1950s, a large (41) ________ of the American public used mass transit. A (42) ________ of public policy decisions and corporate scheming saw to it that countless (43) ________ and efficient urban streetcar and intra-city rail systems were dismantled. (44) ___________________________________________________. Our lives have been planned along a road grid—homes far from work, shopping far from everything, with ugly stretches of concrete and blacktop in between.Developing countries are copying Western-style transportation systems down to the last detail. (45) _________________________________________________________.Pollution control measures are either not strict or nonexistent, leading to choking clouds of smog. Gasoline still contains lead, which is extremely poisonous to humans. (46) ________________________________________________________________ _____.In addition to pollution and traffic jams, auto safety is a critical issue in developing nations.Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.One of the major producers of athletic footwear, with 2002 sales of over $10 billion, is a company called Nike, with corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. Forbes magazine identified Nike’s president, Philip Knight, as the 53rd-richestman in the world in 2004. But Nike has not always been a large multimillion-dollar organization. In fact, Knight started the company by selling shoes from the back of his car at track meets.In the late1950s Philip Knight was a middle-distance runner on the University of Oregon track team, coached by Bill Bowerman. One of the top track coaches in the U.S., Bowerman was also known for experimenting with the design of running shoes in an attempt to make them lighter and more shock-absorbent. After attending Oregon, Knight moved on to do graduate work at Stanford University; his MBA thesis was on marketing athletic shoes. Once he received his degree, Knight traveled to Japan to contact the Onitsuka Tiger Company, a manufacturer of athletic shoes. Knight convinced the company’s officials of the potential for its product in the U.S. In 1963 he received his first shipment of Tiger shoes, 200 pairs in total.In 1964, Knight and Bowerman contributed $500 each to from Blue Ribbon Sports, the predecessor of Nike. In the first few years, Knight distributed shoes out of his car at local track meets. The first employees hired by Knight wereformer college athle tes. The company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. In its early years the organization operated in an unconventional manner that characterized its innovative and entrepreneurial approach to the industry. Communication was informal; people discussed ideas and issues in the hallways, on a run, or over a beer. There was little task differentiation. There were no job descriptions, rigid reporting systems, or detailed rules and regulations. The team spirit and shared values of the athletes on Bowerman’s teams carried over and provided the basis for the collegial style of management that characterized the early years of Nikes.47. While serving as a track coach, Bowerman tried to design running shoes that were _____________________.48. During his visit to Japan, Knight convinced the officials of the Onitsuka Tiger Company that its product would have____________________________________.49. Blue Ribbon Sports as unable to hire experts due to the absence of____________________ in North America.50. In the early years of Nike, communication within the company was usually carried out____________.51. What qualities of Bowerman’s tea ms formed the basis of Nike’s early management style?_______________________________________________________________. Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put touse. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients（营养成分）captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat（栖息地）loss and to diminishing biodiversity.What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.thiswill require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons（正反两方面）of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better forbiodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.52. How do people often measure progress in agriculture?A) By its productivity C) By its impact on the environmentB) By its sustainability D) By its contribution to economic growth53. Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in________.A) Localised pollution C) competition from overseasB) the shrinking of farmland D) the decrease of biodiversity54. What does the author think of traditional farming practices?A) They have remained the same over the centuriesB) They have not kept pace with population growthC) They are not necessarily sustainableD) They are environmentally friendly55. What will agriculture be like in the 21st centuryA) It will go through radical changesB) It will supply more animal productsC) It will abandon traditional farming practicesD) It will cause zero damage to the environment56 What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A) To remind people of the need of sustainable developmentB) To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food productionC) To advance new criteria for measuring farming progressD) To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture isPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to,fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired（陷入）in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and Underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsider s , don’t fo rever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.57. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?A) They were of inferior races.B) They were a Source of political corruption.C) They were a threat to the nation’s security.D) They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.58. What does the author think of the new immigrants?A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B) They can do just as well as their predecessors.C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.59. What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.C) They will melt into the African-American community.D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.60. What should be done to help the new immigrants?A) Rid them of their inferiority complex.B) Urge them to adopt American customs.C) Prevent them from being marginalized.D) Teach them standard American English.61. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.A) How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB) How to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC) How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD) How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.Part V Cloze （15 minutes）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual proper__62__from creative thinking62. [A]retrieves[B]deviates[C]results[D]departs。
2008年12月全国英语四六级考试
2008年12月全国英语四、六级考试
我校总体成绩与全国211学校、非211学校、全国全体学校及广东省全体考生
总成绩的比较
教育部高等教育司全国英语四、六级考试委员会对参加2008年12月份全国英语四、六级考试的全体学校全体考生进行了考试成绩的数据分析。
以下是从数据分析中采集的我校英语四、六级全体考生考试成绩与全国全体学校考生的考试成绩比较的情况。
人满意的，但还存在一定的差距，希望我们的同学和老师继续努力争取在2009年6月份全国英语四、六级考试争取更优异的成绩。
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二〇〇九年四月三十日。
关于做好2008年12月大学英语四、六级考试
关于做好2008年12月大学英语四、六级考试
研究生报名工作通知
各学院：
2008年12月大学英语四、六级考试定于12月20日举行，现将研究生英语
四、六级报名有关事宜通知如下：
1、考试时间：
四级：2008年12月20日（星期六）上午9：00
六级：2008年12月20日（星期六）下午15：00
2、报考对象：我校全日制2006级、2007级、2008级研究生可自愿报考。
已获得大学英语四级考试合格证书的研究生可报名参加大学英语六级考试。
3、收费标准：四级、六级每人30元。
4、报名时间、地点和办法：欲报考大学英语四、六级考试的研究生于9月25日前到本学院研究生教学秘书处报名并缴纳报名费，各学院研究生教学秘书汇总本学院报考名单后于9月26日前将报名软盘和报考费送交研究生院培养办公室。
5、注意事项：
(1)报名时必须准确填写考生的身份证号(因成绩单上要打印身份证号)，
学号(准考证上的照片是根据学号倒入),如有差错后果自负；
(2)已取得四级、六级考试合格证书者不允许再参加同级考试，学生报名时只能选择四、六级考试中的一项考试。
违者将取消考试资格或取消考试成绩，报名费不予退还且通报批评；
(3)不得跨学院、系、班报名；禁止学生跨校报考。
(4)学院研究生教学秘书必须认真核对报考学生的姓名、学号及身份证号。
因本次报名结束后不再修改报名信息。
特此通知
研究生院
2008年9月22日
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历年真题：2008年12月英语六级真题及答案
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Part I writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上怎样改善学生的心理健康1. 学生心理健康的重要性2. 学校应该怎样做3. 学生自己应该怎样做How to improve psychological health?As is known to all, psychological health is as important as, if not more important than, physical health for a student during his/her growth. However, it’s quite worrying that nowadays some students are not quite psychologically healthy.Undoubtedly, schools and universities should take great account in the responsibilities of students’ psychological health. Relevant courses and activities should be introduced to students so that they would be more aware of the significance of psychological health and find appropriate ways to maintain and improve it. For example, there should be a psychological counseling hotline or office for students to turn to when they need some psychological aid.Of course no psychological health can be obtained without the efforts from the students themselves. From my perspective, what they can do is trying to stay positive, optimistic and follow the right guidelines from their schools. To be more specific, they can participate in some activities such as voluntary work tocultivate an opening and caring mind. Meanwhile, harmful impacts from the cyber space should definitely be avoided.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15 minutes)Supersize surpriseAsk anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will tell you that it’s al down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it/ yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. Many now believe that something else must have changed in our environment to precipitate(促成) such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two” –reduced physical activity and increased availability of food –are not important contributors to the epidemic, but they cannot explain it all.Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 7 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.1. Not enough sleepIt is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat?Several large-scale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses’ Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the studyperiod than women who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than whose who slept 7.It’s well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fa t first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses’ study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may precipitate weight gain.Although getting figures is difficult, it appears that we really are sleeping less. In 1960 people in the US slept an average of 8.5 hours per night. A 2002 poll by the National Sleep Foundation suggests that the average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored by the increase in obesity.2. Climate controlWe humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of what’s going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic(新陈代新的) rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy unless we are in the “th ermo-neutral zone”, which is increasingly where we choose to live and work.There is no denying that ambient temperatures(环境温度) have changed in the past few decades. Between 1970 and 2000, the average British home warmed from a chilly 13C to 18C. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditionings rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states – where obesity rates tend to be highest – the number of houses with air conditioning has shot up to 71% from 37% in 1978.Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight?Sadly，there is some evidence that it does-at least withregard to heating. Studies show that in comfortable temperatures we use less energy.3.Less smokingBad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us,and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one isn sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.Katherine Flegal and colleagres at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville,Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been respousible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness.From data collected aroud 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,they worked out that people who had quit in the previous decade were much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked .Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were overweight compared with 37% of non-smokers and only 28%of smokers.4. Genetic effectsYours chances of becoming fat may be set,at least in part,before you were even born.children of boese mothers are much more likely to become obest themselves later in life.Offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet during pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspring of identical mice fed a normal diet. Intriguingly,the effect persists for two or three generations.Grand-children of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fed normally-so you fate may have been sealed even before you were conceived.5.A little older…Some groups of people just happen to be fatter thanothers.surveys carried out by the US national center for health statisties found that adults aged 40 to 79 were around three times as likely to be obese as younger people.non-white females also tend to fall at the fatter end of the spectreum:Mexican-american women are 30% more likely than white women to be obsess,and black women have twice the risk.In the US,these groups account for an increasing percentage of the population.between 1970 and 2000 the US population aged 35 to 44 grew by 43%.the proportion of Hispanic-americans also grew,from under 5% to 12.5% of the population,while the proportion of black Americans increased from 11% to 12.3%.these changes may account in part for the increased prevalence of obesity.6.mature mumsMothers around the world are getting older.in the UK,the mean age for aving a frist child is 27.3,compared with 23.7 in 1970 .mean age at frist birth in the US has also increased, rising from 21.4 in 1970 to 24.9 in 2000.This would be neither here nor there if it were’t for the observation that having an older mother seems to be an independent risk factor for obesity. Results from the US national heart,lung and blood institute’s study found that the odds of a child being obese increase 14% for every five extra years of their mother’s age , though why this should be so is not entirely clear.Michael Symonds at the university of Nottingham,UK,found that first-bron children have more fat than younger ones. As family size decreases, firstbrons account for a greather share of the population. In 1964, british women gave birth to an average of 2.95 children;by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79. in the US in 1976, 9.6% of woman in their 40s had only one chile;in 2004 itwas 17.4%. this combination of older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.7.Like marrying likeJust as people pair off according to looks, so they do for size. Lean people are more likely to marry lean an d fat more likely to marry fat. On its own, like marrying like cannot account for any increase in obesity. But combined with others- particularly the fact that obesity is partly genetic, and that heavier people have more children-it amplifies the increase form other causes.1. A.effects of obesity on people’s healthB.the link between lifestyle an obesityC.New explanations for the obesity epidemicD.possible ways to combat the obesity epidemic2. A.gained the least weightB.were inclined to eat lessC.found their vigor enhancedD.were less susceptible to illness3. A.it makes us sleepyB.it causes sleep lossC.it increases our appetiteD.it results from lack of sleep4. A.it makes us stay indoors moreB.it accelerates our metabolic rateC.it makes us feel more energeticD.it contributes to our weight gain5. A.it threatens their healthB.it heightens their spiritsC.it suppresses their appetiteD.it slows down their metabolism6. A.heavy smokersB.passive smokersC.those who never smokeD.those who quit smoking7. A.the growing number of smokers among young peopleB.the rising proportion of minorities in its populationC.the increasing consumption of high-calorie foodsD.the improving living standards of the poor people8.according to the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the reason why older mothers’ children tend to be obese remains not entirely clear9.According to Michael Symonds, one factor contributing to the obesity epidemic is decrease of family size10 when two heavy people get married, chances of their children getting fat increase, because obesity is party genetiz。
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关于组织全国大学英语四、六级、
四川省大学英语二、三级考试报名的通知
各学院（直属系）：
2008年冬季全国大学英语四、六级考试定于2008年12月20日进行，四川省大学英语二、三级考试定于2008年12月6日进行。
现将报名工作的有关事项通知如下：
一、考试语种及等级
1、全国大学英语四级、全国大学英语六级；
2、四川省大学英语二级、四川省大学英语三级。
二、各等级报名条件：
1、全国大学英语四级、六级：
凡符合以下条件者，可自愿报名参加考试。
①2004级（5年制）、2005级、2006级、2007在校本科学生；
②已取得四川省大学英语三级合格证书的在校专科学生；
③本校在读研究生；
④除本校在读研究生外，其余本校学生需取得全国大学英语四级合格证书或全国大
学英语四级成绩在425分以上者，方可报考六级。
2、四川省大学英语二级、三级：
2005级、2006级、2007级在校本、专科学生均可自愿报名参加相应的大学英语二级或大学英语三级考试。
二、报名组织：
1、由各学院（直属系）组织本学院（直属系）学生的报名登记及报名费的收取工作。
大学英语四、六级考生报名时必须签写《诚信考试承诺书》，并由各学院（直属系）负责核查及存档。
2、各类学生在报考本次全国大学英语四、六级、四川省大学英语二、三级时，只能选择其中一个等级，不能兼报。
三、报名费：
1、全国大学英语四级：35元/人；
2、全国大学英语六级：37元/人；
3、四川省大学英语二、三级：25元/人。
四、截止时间及报表要求：
1、报名截止时间：2008年9月20日，过时不再补报。
2、各学院（直属系）报名时，必须使用考试中心提供的报名模板（由学校考试中心通过OA发给各学院报名负责人）。
3、报名表应分校区、分等级、分语种上报，表中所有信息不能为空；同时须填写《英语考试报名人数统计表》。
4、各学院（直属系）必须于2008年9月20日完成报名工作，并将报名数据的电子文档通过OA报学校考试中心；
5、本次全国大学英语四、六级报名在校本、专科考生暂不提交照片，待学校考试中心汇总后再下发校对表及需补交照片的考生名单。
报名参加考试的在校研究生需提交电子一寸红底证件照。
6、各学院（直属系）将收取的报名费统一交财务处，并将盖有财务章的报名表一份交学校考试中心。
各学院（直属系）务必通知到学生本人，并按上述时间完成相应的报名工作，同时仔细核对考生姓名、学号、身份证号码，报名截止后考试中心不再补报。
学校考试中心
2008年9月9日。