化工专业英语（可编辑）

化工专业英语
Volatile:挥发性的 Semipermeable membrane:半透膜 immiscible：不相混的 Debit:把….记入借方 Credit:记入贷方Electrical potential:电势 Leaching:浸提 Extraction：萃取 Direct current:直流 Instantaneous:瞬间的 Successive：连续的 Collision：碰撞 Impeller：叶轮 Wavelet analysis:微元分析 Entrainment：夹带 Breakage：破坏Attrition：磨损 Indispensable：不可缺少的 Trajectory:轨道 Acrylic：丙烯酸 Baffle：挡板 Ruffle：滋扰 Discharge:释放 circulation flow:环流attrition：磨损 nucleation：成核 Catalytic：催化 frequency：频率shutter：快门 inertia：惯性 Pitched：倾斜的 histogram：柱状图breakdown：破坏 Unit 14 Distillation Dumped or ordered packings:乱堆或整齐堆放填料 Plate:板 Tray:塔盘 Hold-down and support plates:固定和支撑板 Fraction:馏分 Cascading:成瀑布落下，分多级进行 Reboiler：再沸器Overhead condenser: 塔顶冷凝器 Reflux:回流 Distillate：馏出物Countercurrent:逆流 Relative volatility：相对挥发度 Rectifying section:精馏段 Stripping section:提留段 Sidestream：侧线馏分 Circumvent:回避Hypothetical:假设的 Equilibrium-stage：平衡级（理论板） Tray efficiency:塔板效率 The number of hypothetical equilibrium stages required is then converted to a number actual trays by means of tray efficiencies, which describe the extent to which the performance of actual contact tray duplicates the performance of an equilibrium stage 然后理论塔板数通过塔板效率被转换成实际塔板数；塔板效率是实际塔板表现和理论塔板表现的比值。

Installation:装置 Foul：弄脏, 淤塞 Plug：堵、塞 Pot：罐 Boiler：
锅炉 Bump:暴沸 Its use usually restricted to preliminary work in which products will be held for additional separation at a later time, when most of the volatile component must be removed from the batch before it is processed further, or for similar noncritical separations. 当在进一步分离前或进行类似的非临界分离前，需要先除去大部分的挥发性组分，简单间歇蒸馏经常被用来进行初步分离，然后其产品再被进行进一步的分离。

Total reflux:全回流 Cut：馏分 Batch still:间歇蒸馏器化工专题：鼓泡反应器bubble column reactor 中文：英文：文献来源：中国学术期刊全文数据库cnki 中文数据库：英文数据库： Springer LINK数据库 Socolar Open Access一站式外文电子期刊检索平台要求：综述，800-1000字，至少引用5篇英文文献 Haematite：赤铁矿 Consistency:浓度 Deviation:偏差Classifier:分级器分粒器 Postulate:假定 Ejector:喷射器 denote:指示Power:指数 least square method：最小二乘法 specific gravity bottle：比重瓶 above limit：上限 rectangular graph paper：坐标纸 Unit 17 Chemical reaction engineering Inconsequential:不重要的 Fluid mechanics:流体力学 Synthesis:综合 The design of chemical reactors is probably the one activity which is unique to chemical engineering, and it is probably this function more than anything else which justifies the existence of chemical engineering as a distinct branch of engineering. 化学反应器设计是一种区别于化学工程的行为，但和任何其它的行为相比，它的特性更可能使化学工程成为一个工程的分支。

Magnitude:量级 Dichloroethane:三氯乙烷homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction: 均相和非均相反应 Overriding:最重要的 immiscible：不相混的 Nitration:硝化 Toluene:甲苯 Benzene:苯Emulsion polymerization:乳液聚合 Amine:胺 Platinum：铂 Reduction:还原Agitate: 搅拌 Jacket:夹套 Coil:螺旋管 Flask:烧瓶 packed bed reactor：
固定床反应器 Fluidized bed：流化床 Pigment:颜料 Dyestuff：染料 * * * * * * * * 崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读 Unit 1 Chemical industry Stand germany in good stead:使德国得到很大的好处 The lion’s share:最大的份额 Intermediate:中间体 The difficulty comes in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation ceases to be part of the chemical industry’s sphere of activities. 在这个生产过程中，区分哪些属于化学工业活动是困难的。

?-blocker: ?阻断药 Crease-resistant：抗皱的Non-iron免熨烫的 Weathering：侵蚀 All weather：全天候 Pitch；沥青Commitment:投入 Unit 2 Research and development We can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic, rather than the industrial, chemist then these would be basic, fundamental background or exploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds. Academic: 学术的 Synthesis：合成在随后的段落中，我们可以挑选出很多研究开发行为的领域。

如果这些是学术性化学家而不是工业化学家所从事的研究开发行为，那么这些行为将是基础、开创性的研究和新化合物的合成。

Exploratory：开创性的 Blue sky:高高在上的，基本的 Unit 3 Typical activities of chemical engineers Constant temperature bath: 恒温水浴Reactant：反应物 Distillation column:蒸馏塔 Scale up：放大 Chemistry：化学原理 Civil：土木 Metallurgical：冶金 Piping：管道 Utility:公用物质Pilot plant:中试厂 Flow sheet：流程图 Corrosion allowance：腐蚀裕度Logistic：后勤保障 Startup:开车 Initial commissioning：交工式运转 Shift work：换班工作 Inventory：详细目录 Spare part：备件 Unit 5 Basic Chemicals Consolidation: 巩固、合并 May well: 可能 Swap: 交换 The industry will move more to serving the rest of the chemical industry and less to serving
the farming industry. 工业将趋向于服务化学工业的其余部分，而不是农业。

Another threat is the perceived environmental messiness of many large-scale processes. Perceived: 感觉到的 Messiness: 凌乱不整洁困境另一个威胁是很多大规模工艺所已经面临的环境困境。

The industry may well see increased consolidation as ~~~ 化学工业可能会日益巩固，当～～～The drive to increased recycling and the ideal of emission-free plants will be a major factor influencing the development of the industry in the next decade. 增加回收利用的动力和无废物排放工厂的理想在下个十年里是影响工业发展的主要因素。

Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes Bulk chemical industry: 大化工 The segment is normally taken to include~~~~. 氯碱工业包括～～～。

Ever since:从那时到现在自从 The peculiar economics of electrolytic processes mean that you have to make chlorine and caustic soda together in a fixed ratio whatever the relative demand for the two totally different types of product, and this causes swings in the price of caustic soda which can render soda-ash more or less favorable as an alkali. Swing:波动 Render:呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施按照固定的比率生产氯和苛性钠而不论这两个完全不同类型的产品的相对需求，这种电解工艺的特殊经济特性会造成苛性钠的价格波动，这会偏向于用纯碱作为碱。

翻译长句子的规则和经验： 1.抓住长句子中的主句，一般是长句子中的第一句。

其它部分是围绕主句展开的。

2.搞清楚其它部分的主语是指的主句中的哪个部分，或者是修饰主句中的哪一部分，或和主句有什么关系。

4.在清楚关系后，先翻译主句，然后根据主句翻译其它部分，再理顺他们之间的关系，相互关联翻译，不要独立于其它部分之外翻译。

5.不要按照字面翻译，而要意译，翻译流畅而要忠于原文原意。

3.搞清楚从句之间的关系，是否后一从句和前一从句是从属关系，和主句又有和关系。

Readily：容易地 Brine:盐水 Limestone:石灰石 Ready:有准备的, 准备完毕的, 甘心的, 情愿的, 现成的, 迅速的 Complex:复杂,合成物,络合物,联合企业Laid down Lay down : 放下形成 Laid down over geological time by various marine organisms. Over:在...期间, 在...时间内 Geological time:地质时期在一段地质时期内由海洋生物形成的。

About 40% of the output of the lime industry goes into steel-making, where it is Used to react with the refractory silica present in iron ore to give a fluid slag which Floats to the surface and is easily separated from the liquid metal. 大约40%的石灰工业的产出投入到钢铁的制造中，它被用来和铁矿石中的高熔点的氧化硅反应形成液渣浮到液体金属的表面并被容易的分离出来。

Remotely:遥远地, 偏僻地非常地 Strength：浓度 Ammonia absorber: 氨吸收器 Nominally: 微少的 The process , which was perfected by ernest solvay in 1865, is based on the precipitation of NaHCO3 when an anmmoniated solution of salt is carbonated with CO2 from a coke-fired lime kiln. 于1865年被ernest solvay完善的这个工艺，是基于氨化的盐溶液和焦炭煅烧的石灰窑中产生的二氧化碳所形成的碳酸反应生成碳酸氢钠沉淀。

Debatable: 成问题的，可争辩的Light soda-ash: 轻质纯碱 These are used by industries that need the liquid sodium, mainly in the production of tetra-alkyl lead petroleum additives, though the petroleum additive companies are diversifying and other uses may appear. Diversify:使多样化这些（指钠和氯）被需要液体钠的工业所使用，尽管石油添加剂公司正在多样化它们的产品，钠的其它用途也许会出现，但是它主要用来生产石油添加剂四烷基铅。

Memberance cells are really the only technology that is viable for new capacity in modern plants, but a large amount of old capacity still exists and many companies have not found it economical to replace even their mercury cells, despite the
enviromental implications. 膜电池对于现代化工厂中新增的生产能力是唯
一可行的技术，但是相当大量的旧生产能力仍然存在，许多公司发现甚至用膜电池来替换存在环境问题的汞电池在经济上也是不划算的。

Uphill:上坡的，向上的 Gloriously:光荣的，辉煌的非常的 In turn: 依次，轮流继续 Sort out: 挑选出，理清解决 refer to sb. [sth.] as:称某人[物]为 Unit 9 Polymer Convention:习俗, 惯例 Bulk polymer:本体聚合物 Coil: 线圈 sweep out：扫掉、清除占据 Make up: 组成 Aliphatic：脂肪族的 Aromatic：芳香族的Elastomer: 人造橡胶 Liability：责任, 义务 Sparingly:节俭地, 保守地Advanced performance: 高性能 Random copolymer: 无规共聚物 Alternating copolymer:交替共聚物 Block copolymer: 嵌段共聚物 There are many different grades of the same polymer, depending on the final application, e.g., different MW, MWD, extent of branching, crossing-linking, etc., and these variations are multiplied when copolymers random, alternating and block are condidered. Extent of branching: 支链长度Crossing-linking: 交联同一聚合物根据最终的应用有许多不同级别，例如说，不同的分子量、分子量分布、支链长度、交联等等，当考虑到共聚物时（无规共聚物，交替共聚物，嵌段共聚物），这些级别还会增加。

Multiply: 增加Up-grade:越级别 Off specification: 超规格 Paramount：极为重要的 Other than: 除了 Step-growth polymerization :分步增长聚合 Monofunctional: 单官能的 Propagation：增长反应 Thus monofunctional impurities in step-growth, and radical scavengers, chain- Transfer impurities and catalyst poison e.g. water in ionic propagation in chain Polymerizations are all significant. Radical scavengers: 官能团清除剂在链式聚合反应中，分步增长聚合中的单官能团杂质、官能团清除剂、链传递杂质、使催化剂中毒的物质（例如，离子增长反应中的水）都是非常重要的。

Exothermic: 发热的 Tubular: 管状的 Unless economics dictate a change Dictate:口述, 口授, 使听写, 指令, 指示, 命令, 规定除非证明改变的经济性 Non-volatile:不挥发的 Steam stripping:汽提, 蒸汽脱附 Emulsion: 乳液 Nevertheless, precipitation by using a non-solvent followed by centrifuging, or by Coagulation of an emulsion or latex and removal of the solvent by steam-stripping to keep the temperature down and prevent decomposition can be used. Devolatilisation of the solvent or unused monomer from the polymer can be Performed during pellitization in an extruder. 然而，通过非溶剂沉淀随后离心分离，或者通过乳液或乳胶絮凝，或者通过汽提过程除去溶剂（保持温度不升高，避免聚合物分解），这些过程都是可以使用的。

从聚合物中脱除溶剂或未反应的单体可以通过挤压机进行挤压来实现。

Unit 10 What is chemical engineering? In a wider sense: 更广义来说 Presentation:介绍, 陈述, 赠送, 表达 Facility: 设备 Particular:特殊的, 特别的, 独特的,特定的 Above all:首先 Adapt:使适应, 使适合,改写, 改编 In doing so, however, it does not simply copy their findings, but adapts them to bulk chemical processing. Bulk: 整个 In doing so:在这样做应用即使这样，化学工程不是简单的重复化学的发现，而是把发现应用到整个化学加工上。

Best of all: 最好的 The principal objectives that set chemical engineering apart from chemistry as a pure science , is to find the most economical route of operation and to design commercial equipment and accessories that suit it best of all. set apart:使分离, 使分开, 留出时间, 金钱等区别使化学工程和作为纯科学的化学区别开的化学工程的首要目标是找到最经济的操作路线，并且设计最符合这个目标的商业化设备和辅助设备。

Inconceivable：不能想像的, 难以相信的 Inconceivable 和without 构成双重否定 Largely:主要的 The expansion of the chemical process
industries on the one hand and advances in the chemical and technical sciences on the other have made it possible to lay theoretical foundations for chemical processing. Lay foundation: 打基础一方面化学加工工业的扩张和另一方面它在化学原理和技术上的进步，已经使给化学加工打下理论基础成为可能。

Advance:进步 In one’s own right: 凭本身的能力或资格 come into being:形成 Turn out:打扫, 驱逐, 使外倾, 生产, 起床, 翻出, 制造, 关掉 For all the rhetoric of nineteenth-centry academic chemists in Britain urging the priority of the study of pure chemistry over applied, their students who became works chemists were little more than qualitative and quantitative analysts. Rhetoric:言语 Urge:促进Priority:优先、优先权 Qualitative:定性的 Quantitative：定量的 Works chemist: 工程化学家 19世纪的学术化学家促进了纯化学高于应用化学的观点，按照他们的观点，他们的学生变成了只是做定性和定量分析的工程化学家。

Dichotomy:两分, 分裂 Firm:公司 Content：使满足 Consultant：顾问Possibly because the mechanical engineers who had already been introduced into works to maintain the steam engines and pumps in an industry of growing complexity were the men who seemed best able to understand the processes involved. 可能因为在复杂性正在增加的工业中从事维护蒸汽机和泵的机械工程师，正是看起来最能理解所涉及的工艺过程的人。

Perspective：远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察 Instead, the expectation was that the processes generic to various specific industries would be analyzed, thus making room for the introduction of thermodynamic perspectives, as well as those being opened up by the new physical chemistry of kinetics, solutions and phases. Generic:属的, 类的, 一般的, 普通的, 非特殊的相反，期望是分析不同的工业所共同具有的工艺，因此除了正在开始的对动力学、
溶液、相的新物理化学研究，要为动力学观点的研究让出空间。

共同的 Fledge：长羽毛, 幼虫长翅变成成虫完整的 neatly: 整洁地, 优美的, 巧妙的Encapsulate:装入胶囊, 压缩概括 In effect he applied the ethics of industrial consultancy by which experience was transmitted from plant to plant and from process to process in such a way which did not compromise the private or specific knowledge which contributed to a given plant’s profitability. 实际上，他遵守了工业顾问工作的道德观，以一个不触犯给一个特定工厂带来利润的私有或特定知识的方式，从一个工厂到另一个工厂、从一个工艺到另一个工艺的进行经验传递，。

Compromise:妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全触犯 Resolve:决心, 决定, 决心要, 使分解, 溶解, 解决 Sodium Potassium Lr No Md Fm Es Cf Bk Cm Am Pu Np U Pa Th Lu Yb Tm Er Ho Dy Tb Gd Eu Sm Pm Nd Pr Ce Uuo Uus Uuh Uup Uuq Uut Uub Uuu Uun Mt Hs Bh Sg Db Rf Ac Ra Fr Rn At Po Bi Pb Tl Hg Au Pt Ir Os Re W Ta Hf La Ba Cs Xe I Te Sb Sn In Cd Ag Pd Rh Ru Tc Mo Nb Zr Y Sr Rb Kr Br Se As Ge Ga Zn Cu Ni Co Fe Mn Cr V Ti Sc Ca K Ar Cl S P Si Al 液体元素气体元素 Mg Na Ne F O N C B 人造元素固体元素 Be Li He H ⅧA ⅦA ⅥA ⅤA ⅣA ⅢA ⅡA ⅠA Uranium Magnesium Calcium Aluminum Titanium Vanadium Chromium Zirconium Tantalum Molybdenum Discipline:纪律, 学科 Interdiscipline:交叉学科confluence:汇合、汇流 The traditional level of size and complexity at which they have worked on these problems might be termed the mesoscale. Mesoscale: 中间尺度 The traditional level of size and complexity：传统规模和复杂性的层次他们解决这些问题的所基于的传统规模及复杂性的层次可以被定义为中间尺度。

Microscale: Dimension:尺寸, 尺度, 维数
Mesoscale: Macrosale: molecular events reactor, equipment, combinations of unit operations 整体系统 Multidispline: 多学科 There will be a special design challenge in established and emerging industries that produce proprietary, differentiated products tailored to exacting performance specifications. Proprietary: 有专利权的 Differentiated：有区别的在已经建立的和正在出现的工业中将会有特殊的产品设计上的挑战，即根据设定的确切性能目标规格，生产有专利权的和区别化的产品。

These products are characterized by the need for rapid innovatory as they are quickly superseded in the marketplace by newer products. Innovatory: 创新这些产品以快速创新的需求为特征，因为在市场中它们会迅速的被更新的产品所取代。

Supersede：代替、取代 Characterize:以….为特征 Specification:详述, 规格, 说明书, 规范 The position of chemical engineering as the engineering discipline with the strongest tie to the molecular sciences is an asset, since such science as chemistry, molecular biology, biomedicine, and solid-state physics are providing the seeds for tomorrow’s technologies. 作为工程学科，化学工程和分子科学的紧密联系是一个宝贵的财产，因为分子科学（例如…..）给将来的技术提供了发展的基础。

Chemical engineering has a bright future as the interfacial discipline, that will bridge science and engineering in the multidisciplinary environments where these new technologies will be brought into being. bring into being:使形成 Interfacial discipline:界面学科作为界面学科，化学工程有美好的未来，它把科学和工程连接在多学科的环境中，这将促使新技术的形成。

Unit 12 What do we mean by transport phenomena Transport phenomena:传递现象 Collective name: 统称 Fluid mechanics: 流体力学 Momentum：动量传递 Heat conduction: 热传导
Whereby：adv. 凭什么, 为何 Differential equation: 微分方程 Boundary conditions:边界条件 Nomenclature：术语，专门名词 Solution:解变量These analogies, as they are usually called, can often be related to similarities in the physical mechanisms whereby the transport takes place. 这些相似性，就像它们通常所被认为的，就是指这些传递发生的物理机制是相似的。

Vector:矢量、向量 Scalar：标量、纯量 Moreover, if the differential equations and boundary conditions are the same, a solution need be obtained for only one of the processes since by changing the nomenclature that solution can be used to obtain the solution for any other transport process. 此外，假如微分方程和边界条件是相同的，就只需要对其中的一个过程求解，因为通过换相应的变量，这个解可以被用来得到其它传递过程的解。

Parallel:平行的 Instead of: 而不是 Pedagogical:教学法的 Serial:连续的Because it is impossible to cover heat and mass transport thoroughly without prior knowledge of momentum transport, one is forced under the serial approach to take up the most difficult subject momentum transport first. Prior:优先的, 在前的因为不先了解动量传递，不可能完全理解热和物质传递，所以在连续性的方法中，不得不先去了解最困难的动量传递的问题。

by reference to：参考 Representation: 表达 Vector notation：向量符号Partial differential equation: 偏微分方程化工专题新型绿色化工纳米催化剂 Keywords: catalysis, catalyst, nanoparticle, naomaterials 要求：1.英文综述 2.引用英文文献，不能引中文文献 be concerned with:参与、干预
Be of value:有利用价值的 Compressor:压缩机 Humidifier：增湿器 Air cooler: 空气冷却器 Fractionater:分馏器、精馏器 Absorber：吸收器 With regard to: 关于 In turn:依次、轮流 Correlate:使相互关联 Dimensionless:无因次 Empirical：经验的 It is of course a “practical” matter to be able
to obtain the parameters, i.e., the heat- transfer coefficients that are used in design, and for that reason a transport phenomena course can be considered an engineering course as well as one in science. 获得参数，即在设计中使用的热传递系数，当然是一个实际问题；由于这个原因，传递现象课程除了是一个科学上的课程，可以被认为是一个工程课程。

i.e.：也就是、即 Exothermal:放热的 Sophisticated：复杂的 Go into:进入, 加入, 探究, 变得 Instead the theory and mathematical procedures of transport phenomena are essential, unless one wishes to go to the expense and take the time to build pilot plants of increasing size and measure the conversion in each. 相反，除非花费大量资金和时间建立大规模的中试厂去测量每个转换过程，利用理论和数学程序研究传递现象是必要的。

Precarious：不稳定的 Obsolete:过时的 If engineering students are to have an education that is not become obsolete, they must be prepared, through an understanding of the methods of transport phenomena, to make use of the computations that will be made in the future. 假如学工程的学生要接受不会过时的教育，他们必须通过对传递现象研究方法的理解，准备好如何去使用在将来的工作中要进行的计算。

Chemical processes may consist of widely varying sequences of steps, the principles of which are
independent of the material being operated upon and of other characteristics of the particular system. 不同的化学工艺由顺序不同的步骤所构成，它们的原理不依赖于所被操作的材料和特定系统的其它特性。

Philosophy：基本原理 Fundamental:基本原则 The unit-operations concept in chemical engineering is based on the philosophy that widely varying sequences of steps can be reduced to simple operations or reactions, which are identical in fundamentals regardless of the material being processed.
化工工程中的单元操作的概念是基于一个基本原理：顺序变化很大的步骤可以被
简化为简单的操作或反应，不管所处理的材料是什么，它们在基本原则上是等
同的。

Unit 13 Unit operations in chemical engineering The versatility
of chemical engineering originates in training to from the practice of
breaking up a complex process into individual physical steps, called unit
operations, and into the chemical reactions. in training:在学习中
versatility：多功能性（复杂性、多样性） The complexity of chemical
engineering results from the variety of conditions as to temperature,
pressure, etc., under which the unit actions must be carried out in different processes and from the limitations as to materials of
construction and design of apparatus imposed by physical and chemical
character of the reacting substances. 化学工程的复杂性源于在不同的工艺
中，单元操作的温度、压力等操作条件的多样性；化学工程的复杂性也源于反应物质的物理和化学特性所决定的建造材料和设备设计的极限。

Humidification:增湿 Sedimentation:沉降 Classification:分级、分粒、选分Centrifugation:离心分离 Agitation:搅拌 In recent years increasing
understanding of new techniques-and adaptation of old but seldom used
separative techniques-has led to a continually increasing number of
separations, processing operations, or steps in a manufacture that could
be used without significant alteration in a variety of processes. 近些
年来，对新技术理解的增加和采用旧式但很少使用的分离技术，导致了在工厂中
多种工艺中采用的但没有显著差别的分离、处理操作或步骤的持续增加。

* 崔
洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读 * * * * * * *。