开放英语3复习二 语态概说

开放英语3复习二语态概说
语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。

英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，如：People gr ew rice in this area some years ago.被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built in our school.
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。

现以give一词为例来列表加以说明如下：
二、十种常用时态的被动语态样例
（一）、一般现在时
Xiao Li, you are wanted in the office. 小李，办公室有事找你。

She is not so easily deceived. 她不是轻易上当受骗的。

（二）、一般过去时
I was invited to the concert. 我应邀参加了音乐会。

Our house was built in 1997. 我们家的房子建于1997年。

（三）、一般将来时
We hope that an agreement will be arrive at. 我们希望会达成一项协议。

This matter will be looked into in the future. 这件事将来是要查明的。

（四）、过去将来时
He said that the bridge would be built next year. 他说这座桥明年将建成。

Another half-hour and all doors would be locked. 再过半小时，所有的门都要上锁。

（五）、现在进行时
This question is being discussed at the meeting.
这个问题正在会上讨论。

The children are being taken care of by their grandmother.
孩子们现在正由其祖母照顾。

（六）、过去进行时
When I called, tea was being served.
当我来拜访时，正值上茶之际。

A new railway was being built .
那年正在修建一条新铁路。

（七）、现在完成时
The party has been planned since the new year.
这聚会自新年起就已筹划了。

Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
文教事业也有迅速的发展。

（八）、过去完成时
Her car had been repaired two months ago.
她的汽车两个月前就已经修好了。

Production costs had been greatly reduced.
生产成本这时大大降低了。

（九）、将来完成时
The new books will have been entered in the register before
another parcel.
这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。

This class will have been taught by Miss Joy for one year by next summer.
到明年夏天，这个班将由乔伊小姐教满一年了。

（十）、过去将来完成时
The headmaster said the article would have been translated by three o’clock.
校长说这篇文章将在3点钟以前翻译完毕。

The engineer said that the bridge would have been completed
before July.
那位工程师说这桥将于7月前完工。

三、需要注意的几个问题：
（一）、我们都知道，英语的十六种时态中，有九种常用时态，其中有五种最常用、最基本的时态。

但却有十种常用时态的被动语态。

（二）、被动语态没有完成进行时态。

也没有将来进行时态。

如果有这类时态的主动结构需要变为被动结构的话，可以用完成时态，或一般时态，如：
1、这问题我们已讨论两天了。

We have been discussing the problem for two days.
The problem has been discussed for two days.
2、这事我们明天讨论。

W shall be discussing it tomorrow.
It will be discussed tomorrow.
（三）、被动语态的将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态是很少用到的。