牛津译林版九年级英语上册第五 单元知识点讲解unit

九年级英语上册第五单元知识点讲解
Art world
Comic strip & welcome to the unit
要点详解
1 Art is something pleasant and..艺术是令人愉快的事物,而且....
解析pleasant在此作形容词，意为“令人愉快的”,通常用来修饰事物,不用来修饰人，它在句中可作定语或表语,其反义词为unpleasant。

它常用于It is pleasant to do sth. 句式，意为“做某事令人愉快”。

e.g. It was a pleasant evening.那是-一个令人愉快的夜晚。

(作定语)
The climate of this area is pleasant.这个地区的气候很宜人。

( 作表语)
It's pleasant to play with those children.和那些孩子们一起玩耍真是令人愉快。

lt was pleasant to be alone again. 又只剩下一个人了,真自在。

辨析pleasant，pleasure与pleased
pleasant作形容词,意为“令人愉快的”,常用来形容某事物有令人愉快的性质，它在句中既可作定语,也可作表语。

e.g.It was pleasant to sit in a sidewalk cafe and watch people pass.坐在路边的咖啡馆看着人来人往真是惬意。

pleasure作名词，意为“高兴;愉快”，常用于口语中。

my pleasure表示“不用谢”,用来回应别人的感谢;with pleasure 表示“当然了，很愿意”，用来回应别人的请求或邀请。

——Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮我。

——My pleasure. 不用谢。

—— May I sit here?我可以坐在这儿吗?
——Yes, with pleasure.当然可以。

pleased作形容词,意为“高兴的;满意的”,只用作表语，通常用来修饰人。

它常用于be pleased with( 对....满意)及be pleased to do sth.(高兴/乐于做某事)结构。

e.g.She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对她的考试结果非常满意。

I'm so pleased to see you.见到你真高兴。

2 Because I've found something more pleasant than art.因为我已经找到比艺术更令人愉快的事
物了。

解析1 because是连词,意为“因为”,常用来引导原因状语从句，且该从句通常置于主句之后。

because也常用来回答由why引导的特殊疑问句。

e.g. We didn't go out because it rained heavily.我们没有出去,因为雨下得很大。

——Why did you miss the meeting yesterday?你昨天为什么没来开会?
——Because I was ill因为我生病了。

注意:在汉语中我们常说“因为......，所以…...，但是在英语中because与so只能选用其一。

e.g. I don't go to school because it is Sunday today. = It's Sunday today，so I don't go to school.因为今天是星期天,所以我不用去，上学。

拓展because of是一个介词短语,意为“因为;由于”,其后可接名词代词或动名词。

e.g. He didn't come because of sickness. 他由于生病而没来:
She was late for work because of getting up too late.因为起床太晚而上班迟到了。

解析2这是一个含有比较级的句子。

more pleasant是形容词pleasant的比较级形式than意为“比”,在此作介词,用来引出比较的人或事物,常位于形容词或副词的比较级后。

将两个人或事物作比较的常用句型为:A... +形容词/副词的比较级+ than+B.表示A比B .....。

e.g. This book is older than that one.这本书比那本书更旧。

拓展than还可作连词,其后常接句子。

当than前后的句子中的谓语动词相同时,后面的句子通常用助动词替换原有的动词，且该助动词常可省略。

e.g. You need that money more than I (do).你比我更需要那笔钱。

的
重点单词，
pop n. ( =pop music)流行音乐
pop作名词意为“流行音乐”时是一个不可数名词。

e.g. Dan wants to be a pop star in the future.丹将来想成为一名流行音乐歌星。

拓展pop作名词时还可表示“汽水”，既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词，多用于口语中。

e.g. Can you give me a pop? 你可以给我一瓶汽水吗?
I need a bottle of pop.我需要一瓶汽水。

Reading
重点单词
1 present n.颁发;提交
present意为“颁发;提交”时是一个及物动词,常用于结构present sb. With sth.(给某人颁发某物)或present sth. to sb. (把某物颁发/提交给某人)。

e.g. The organization present him with an award. = The organization present an award to him. 那个组织给他颁发了一个奖项。

The students will present their plans lo their teacher next week.学生们将于下周向老师提交计划。

拓展(1) present还可作名词,意为“现在，目前;礼物”。

当它表示“现在,日前”时，常构成短语at presenL,意为“现在，目前”,相当于now。

e.g. I can't help you at present, because I’m too busy.我现在帮不了你,因为我实在太忙了。

I gave him a special present yesterday.昨天我给了他一份特别的礼物。

(2)present还可作形容词,表示“现在的，且前的”时,present只能用于名词前;表示“出席的,到场的”时，present不用于名词前,其反义词为absent(缺席的)，be present at sth.意为“出席..... ,其反义短语为be absent from sth.意为“缺席...
e.g. Here is my present address.这是我现在的地址。

Many people were present at the meeting. 许多人出席了这次会议。

2 central adj. 中心的, 中央的
central作形容词意为“中心的，中央的”时,仅用于名词前，且没有比较级形式。

e.g. He lives in central London.他住在伦敦市中心。

拓展central作形容词时还可表示‘最重要的;主要的”,它常用于play a central role in sth.结构，表示“...中扮演重要角色”。

e.g. Prevention also plays a central role in traditional medicine. 预防在传统医学中也起着重要作用。

3 common adj.普通的,一般的,常见的
common作形容词意为“普通的"时,仅用于名词前,且没有比较级形式;意为“一般的,常见的”时,其反义词为rare(稀有的,不常发生的) ,此时common常用于it's common for sb. to do sth.结构,表示“对某人来说做某事很常见”,注意it's common 后不接that从句。

e.g. Shakespeare's work was popular among the common people in his day.莎士比亚的作品在他那个年代很受平民百姓的欢迎。

Jackson is a common English name.杰克逊是一个常见的英文名。

It's common for children to be afraid of the dark.对儿童而言怕黑是很常见的。

4 control vt,控制，支配
e.g. Control your temper. Don't get angry easily. 控制你的脾气，不要轻易发火。

拓展control 还可作名词,意为“控制权;支配权;控制能力”,其构成的常用短语有:
take control of/over sth.控制某物full/ total control 完全控制get/go out of control失去控制be under control 被控制,受控制5 traditional adj; 传统的
e.g. This is a traditional method of cooking turkey. 这是一种传统的烹饪火鸡的方法。

拓展tradition 为可数名词,意为“传统”;traditionally为副词,意为“传统地”。

e.g. There are lots of traditions at Spring Festival in China,中国的春节期间有许多传统。

The festival is traditionally held in May.这个节日按照传统是在五月份过的。

重点短语
1 show an interest in sth. 对某事物表现出兴趣
e.g. When did you first show an interest in tennis?你是什么时候开始对网球表现出兴趣的?
2 get to know sb. 逐渐了解某人
e.g. I'll take a while for you to get to know everyone. 你需要一段时间才能逐渐了解每-一个人。

3 be known for因..... 而著名
e.g. The region is known/famous for its fine wines. 这个地区因它优质的葡萄酒而著名。

4 between…and...在.......和……之间
e.g. I sat down between Susan and Tom.我在苏珊和汤姆之间坐了下来。

5 dividing line分界线;界限
e.g. There is no clear dividing line between what is good and what is bad.是非之间没有明显的界限。

6 used to do sth.过去常常做某事
e.g. He used to play football after work.他过去下班后常常踢足球。

要点详解
1 When he was very young, Tan showed an interest in music.当他非常小的时候,谭盾就对音乐表现出了兴趣。

解析interest 在此作可数名词，意为“兴趣”,show an interest in sth.意为‘对某事物表现出兴趣”。

它还可构成have an interest in sth. (对某事物有兴趣)，take an interest in sth. (对某事物产生兴趣) ,have no interest in sth. (对某事物没有兴趣) ,lose interest in sth. (对某事物失去兴趣)等结构。

e.g. Tom showed an interest in basketball.汤姆对篮球表现出了兴趣。

I'd recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in music. 我会向对音乐有兴趣的人推荐这本书。

I took an interest had no interest/lost interest in the film.我对这部电影产生了/没有/失去了兴趣。

拓展interest 也可作动词,表示“使感兴趣;使关注”。

e.g. What interests me is the history of these places.使我感兴趣的是这些地方的历史。

2 He loves the sounds of the rushing water and the blowing wind because, to him, the best music comes from nature.他喜欢淙淙的水声和飒飒的风声,因为对他来说，最美妙的音乐来自于大自然。

解析the rushing water意为“淙淙的流水”,the blowing wind意为'飒飒的风,这两个名词短语中都含有现在分词,它们在句中具有形容词的性质,均用作定语修饰名词,表示正在进行的主动动作。

e.g. I walked quietly in order not to wake my seeping father.我悄悄地走是为了不吵醒我那正在睡觉的爸爸。

注意:单个的现在分词作定语时往往放在被修饰词的前面;现在分词短语作定语时往往放在被修饰词的后面,此时其作用相当于定语从句。

e.g. The room was full of people waiting for the headmaster. =The room was full of people who werewaiting for the headmaster.房间里挤满了等侯校长的人。

3 There he got to know great musicians from around the world.在那里他逐渐了解了来自世界各地的伟大音乐家。

解析get to know sb/sth.意为“逐渐了解某人/某事”,强调一个逐渐变化或发展的过程。

e.g. We got to know each other from then on.从那以后我们逐渐了解彼此了。

After a long time, I got to know the culture of the company.过了一段时间,我逐渐了解了这家公司的文化。

拓展(1)get to do sth.结构还可表示“有机会做某事”,是一种非正式的表达方式。

e.g. I got to meet all the stars after the show.演出之后我有机会见到了所有的明星。

(2) get sb. /sth. to do sth.意为“让某人/某物做某事”。

e.g. He got his sister to help him with his homework.他让他姐姐帮他做作业。

4 As a composer, perhaps he is best known for winning an Oscar for his music in the film Crouching Tiger ,Hidden Dragon作为一位作曲家,也许他最为人知的是为电影《卧虎藏龙》作曲而赢得奥斯卡大奖。

解析be known for意为“因...而著名”,相当于be famous for其后常接表示人或事物某方面的特点、特长、价值等内容的名词,说明著名的原因。

e.g. This place is known/famous for its hot springs.这个地方因温泉而著名。

拓展( 1) be known as意为“作为...而著名”,其后常接表示某人身份地位等的名词,相当于be famous as。

e.g .Her mother is known/ famous as a model teacher.她妈妈作为一一名模范教师而著名。

(2)It is known (that) …意为“众所周......。

表示“众所周知”也可以用短语As is known to all,它在句中作状语,其后常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。

e.g .It is known that smoking may cause lung disease. = As is known to all , smoking may cause lung disease,众所周知,抽烟可能导致肺癌。

5 ...Tan makes over 50 sounds from water by controlling the speed of water flow......盾通过控制水流的速度,创作了50多种水声。

解析by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”。

其中,by是介词,其后常接表示手段、方法、途径等内容的名词代词或动名词。

e.g. I'll contact you by email.我会通过发电子邮件来联系你。

He earns money by wing.他通过写作挣钱。

拓展( 1)by表示方式、方法时,还可表示“乘坐”,其后接表示交通工具的名词，名词前不用任何冠词。

e.g.by bus/ plane/ ship/car乘公共汽车/飞机/船/小汽车
(2)by的其他常见用法
by+地点在....旁边
e.g.The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。

by+时间在....之前
e.g. I have to be home by10p.m.我必须在晚上10点前回家。

用于被动语态被...由....
e.g. This book was written by her.这本书是她写的。

点击中考
The man makes a living teaching. (湖南省长沙市中考题)
A. without
B. with
C.by
精析本体题考查介词的辨析。

without 意为“无;没有”;with表示使用某种工具,意为“用”;by表示通过某种手段、方法或途径,意为“通过;以”。

由句意“这个人靠教书谋生”可知,此题选C。

答案 C
6 The music for the Bejjing Olympics uses traditional Chinese music and the sounds of an ancient Chinese bell, though it is in a Western style.北京奥运会的音乐运用了传统的中国音乐和中国古钟的钟声,但是它是用一种西方风格。

解析though在此作连词，意为“不过，可是,然而”,引导让步状语从句,用于主句后,引出补充说明。

e.g. He'll probably say no, though it's worth asking.他很可能会拒绝,不过问一下有益无损。

拓展though作连词还可表示“虽然;尽管;即使”,引导让步状语从句,不能与连词but一起使用。

e.g. Though it is raining hard , they are still working outside.虽然雨下得很大,他们仍在外面工作。

辨析though，although 与but
though though与although 用法大致相同，常常可以互换使用,但, though还可作副词置于句尾，意为“可是，然而although则无此用法。

e.g. Though/ Although he is not rich, he is happy. =Though/ Although he is not rich, yet he is happy. = He is not rich , but he is happy.
虽然他不富有,但他很快乐。

Although 作从属连词,意为“虽然,尽管;但是”,常用来引导让步状语从句。

它不能与but一起使用。

But 作并列连词，意为“但是”,表示转折关系。

它不能与although或though一起使用。

点击中考
he is only 12 ,he often goes to the old people's home to perform plays for the old people as a volunteer.(湖北省十堰市中考题)
A.If
B. Since
C. Though
D. Because
[精析]本题考查连词的辨析。

if意为“如果”;since 意为“因为";though意为“虽然,尽管”;because 意为“因为”。

由句意“虽然他只有12岁,但是他经常作为志愿者去养老院为老人表演戏剧”可知,此题选C。

答案 C
7“My music is to dream without boundaries," Tan once said.“我的音乐就是梦想无边。

”谭盾曾经说。

解析动词不定式短语to dream without boundaries在句中作表语,对主语进行解释说明。

e.g. My job is to sweep the fool.我的工作是擦地板。

拓展动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它在句中还可以作以下成分:
作主语It's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的职责。

作宾语I want to go with you.我想和你一起去。

作宾语补足语I told Jack to get up early ,but he wouldn't listen. 我告诉杰克让他早点起床,但他不听。

作定语I have many things to do.我有很多事情要做。

作状语We got up early to watch the sunrise. 我们早起去看日出。

8 When he was young，he used to make music with common objects like stones and paper. 当他很小的时候,他常常用一些普通的东西,比如石头、纸什么的,来创作音乐。

解析used to do sth.意为“过去常常敬某事”。

其中, used to是一个情态动词,其后接动词原形，用于过去持续或经常发生的事，意为“曾经”,只用于过去时态。

used to的否定形式通常为didn't
use to,它的另-一种否定形式used not to(可缩写成usedn't to)是一种相当正式的用法。

used to 构成疑问句时常借助did,即Did sb. use to do sth.? 当used to 用于反意疑向句时，附加疑问部分通常用“didn't/ usedn't +人称代词的主格?”。

e.g. She didn't use/usedn't to listen to music.她过去不常听音乐。

Did you use to go to church?你以前经常去教堂吗?
He used to play here , didn't/usedn't he?他过去常常在这里玩是吗?
辨析used to do sth.,be/ get used to(doing) sth.与be used to do sth./for ( doing) sth.
used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，其中，used to是一个情态动词。

e.g.I used to play the piano.我过去常常弹钢琴。

be / get used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”,其中,used是形容词,意为“习惯于;适应”。

e.g. I am/get used to getting up early every day.我习惯每天早起。

be used to do sth. /for(doing) sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，其中,used是动词use的过去分词，意为“使用;利用”。

e.g.The knife is used to cut things.= The knife is used for cutting
things.刀被用来切东西。

点击中考
Her son Coke , but now he milk.(湖北省恩施市中考题)
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking
B. used to drinking; drinks
C. is used to drinking; used to drink
D. is used to drink ; is drinking精析由句意“她的儿子过去经常喝可乐,但现在习惯于喝牛奶”可知,前一分句应用used to do sth.结构,表示“过去常常做某事”,后一分句应用be used to doing sth.结构,表示“习惯于做某事”,故此题选A。

答案 A
Grammar
重点单词’
1 highly adv.高度地;高地
highly作副词,意为“高度地;高地”,常用来修饰形容词或副词。

e.g. She is a highly educated woman.她是个受过高等教育的女人。

拓展highly作副词时还可表示“非常,极”,其同义词为very;它还可表示“(对某人、某事物)非常赞许地,极为称赞地”,此时它常用于think/speak highly of sb.结构,表示“对某人极为赞赏;对某人评价很高”。

e.g. Her father is a highly successful politician.他爸爸是一位非常成功的政治家。

People all think/speak highly of Mike.人们对迈克的评价都很高。

2 last vi. 持续
last作不及物动词,意为“持续”,常与介词for连用,“last for +时间”表示“持续多长时间”。

e.g. How long does the show last?那场演出要持续多久?
The hot weather lasted for the whole month of June.炎热的天气在六月份持续了整整一个月。

拓展(1) last的其他用法
作限定词最近的;上一个的最后的;最末的
e.g.Did you see the game last night?你昨晚看了比赛没有?
He was the last one to leave.他是最后一个离开的。

作副词最近;上一次最后;最终
e.g. When did you see him last?你最近何时见过他?
Who is speaking last? 谁最后一个发言?
作名词最后来的人(或发生的事)
e.g. They were the last to arrive. 他们是最后到达的人。

(2) lately也为副词,意为“最后一点;最后”,常用来引出所列事情中的最后一项或最后一点,其同义词为finally。

e.g. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for all their support最后,我想感谢父母对我的全力支持。

重点短语，
1 be able to do sth.能够做某事
e.g. Ann was worried whether she'd be able to get there on time.安担心她是否能够按时赶到那里。

2 be open to sb.对某人开放
e.g. School playgrounds will be open Io the public.学校的操场将对公众开放。

3 out of breath.上气不接下气
e.g. I was out of breath after running for the bus.因为追赶公共汽车,我上气不接下气。

4 get bored感到厌烦
e.g. After a while 1 got bored and left. 过了一会儿，我感到厌烦,然后就离开了。

要点详解
1 Why is Tan able to build a bridge between the East and the West?
为什么谭盾能够在东西方之间搭建起一座桥梁?
解析able是形容词，意为“能,能够”。

be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”。

e.g. I was able to skate when I was seven years old.七岁时,我就会滑冰了。

辨析be able to与can
be able to
强调在某具体事件中的能力,表示“经过努力而成功地做成某事”,适
用于各种时态,且可以和情态动词连用,还可以构成动词不定式。

e.g. Luckily we were able to use the new machine.幸运的是,我们会使用这台新机器。

You must be able to speak French for this job. 干这项工作你得会说法语。

can
强调一般性的能力，表示“有能力做某事”,没有人称的变化，且只有现在时和过去时(could)两种形式,没有将来时和完成时。

e.g. I can't help you with your Maths.我不能帮你学数学。

He could read and write when he was five.他五岁时就能读书写字。

2 After a while , we saw Amy running towards us.过了一会儿,我们看见埃米向我们跑来。

解析作动词,意为“看见”,强调看的结果,其过去式和过去分词分别为saw和seen。

e.g. I looked at the blackboard carefully but I saw nothing.我仔细看了看黑板但什么都没看见。

He was seen running away from the scene of the crime.有人看见他从犯罪现场跑开。

辨析see sb. doing sth.与see sb. do sth.
see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看见某动作正在进行。

e.g.I saw you playing soccer when I came to school.当我到校时,我看见你正在踢足球。

(强调动作正在进行)
see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看见某动作发生的全过程或经常性的动作。

e.g. I saw you put the key in your pocket. 我看见你把钥匙放进了口袋。

( 强调动作发生的全过程)
I often see him play ping-pong.我经常看见他打乒乓球。

(强调经常性的动作)
拓展see sb. do sth.结构中的do sth.是省略了to的不定式短语,但在被动语态中,省略的to要还
原回去。

与see有类似用法的动词还有watch, hear, notice 等。

e.g. I often see him ask questions after class. = He is often seen to ask questions after class by me.我经常看到他在课后问问题。

3 “I'm late because there was too much traffic ,”she said , out of breath."我迟到了，因为交通太拥堵了。

”她上气不接下气地说。

解析but of breath意为“上气不接下气”。

其中,breath是名词,意为“呼吸的空气”。

e.g. He was out of breath after only five minutes' walk.走了五分钟后他便上气不接下气了。

We had to stop for breath before we got to the top.我们不得不停下来喘口气,然后再登山顶。

拓展与breath相关的短语
short of breath气短fight for breath大口地喘气
take a deep breath 深深地吸一口气hold one's breath屏住呼吸
catch one's breath缓一口气save one's breath别浪费口舌
语法纵横
because , since和as引导的原因状语从句
在复合句中,表示主句动作发生原因的从句叫做原因状语从句，常见的用来引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because , since和as。

1. because引导的原因状语从句
because意为“因为”,其引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之后,用来表示造成某种情况的直接原因,语气最强，常用来回答由why引导的特殊疑问句。

需要注意的是，汉语中习惯说“因为……所...... ,但英语中不能将because与so一起使用。

e.g. I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。

——Why didn't you come to my birthday party? 你为什么没来参加我的生日聚会?
——Because I was too busy.因为我太忙了。

I watched the movie because I was interested in it. = I was interested in the movie so I watched it.因为感兴趣,所以我看了这部电影。

2. since引导的原因状语从句
since意为“既然;由于;因为" ,其引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前,用来表示显而易见的理由,较为正式,语气比because弱。

e.g. Since you are free today ,you can go shopping with me.既然今天你有空,你可以跟我去购物。

注意:now (that)也可以表示“既然;由于”,它与since 的意思相近。

Now ( that) you are grown up ,you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了,你就不应该依靠你的父母了。

3. as引导的原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句时,表示附带说明的双方已知的原因,较为正式，语气比since弱,其在句中的位置较为灵活(常放在主句之前)。

e.g. As you are tired ,you had better have a rest.既然你累了,你最好休息一下。

I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。

课后实践运用
高效练习场
I单项选择。

( )1.1 saw a wallet on the ground on my way home.
A. lie
B. lay
C. lain
D. lying
( )2. In the future ,we_ fly to the Mars.
A. will can
B. will be able to
C. were going to
D. could be able to
( )3. Each game an hour.
A. last
B. lasts for
C. lasting
D. lasts to
( )4. Mo Yan's books have been sold out in many bookstores his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize.
A. because
B. since
C. as
D. because of
语法专练
II.用because .since或as填空。

1.1 came back late yesterday I was on duty.
2. you know it, I won't repeat it.
3. He didn't hear the knock at the door he was listening to the radio.
4.——Why didn't you come to our picnic?
——my father wouldn't let me leave my home.
5. everybody is here ,let's begin the discussion.
Integrated skills
重点单词.
1 value n. 价值
value作名词,意为“价值”时,既可表示有形商品(如服装、房屋等)的价值，也可表示无形事物(如音乐友情、教育等)的价值。

e.g. They produce high value household products,他们生产昂贵的家用产品。

Classical music has a high cultural value. 古典音乐有很高的文化价值。

拓展value还可作动词，意为“重视;珍视”,此时它是一个及物动词。

e.g. Because Mary is very clever and honest , Mr. Black valued her very much.因为玛丽非常聪明老实,布莱克先生非常重视她。

2 tonight adv.今晚
tonight作副词,意为“今晚”,相当于this evening, 注意其前不能再用in, on, at等介词。

e.g. I think I'll go to bed clearly tonight this evening. 我想我今晚会早点上床睡觉。

拓展tonight还可作名词,意为“今晚”,它是一个不可数名词。

e.g. Tonight should be fun. 今晚应该会很开心。

重点短语。

1 makeup编;编造
e.g. The whole story is made up.整个故事是编造出来的。

2 such as比如;例如
e.g. Cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still popular.像米老鼠和史努比这样的卡通人物仍然受欢迎。

要点详解
1 musicians make up music while playing. 音乐家在演奏时创作音乐。

解析makeup是“动词+副词”构成的短语,意为“编;编造”,当接代词作其宾语时,该代词应放在make与up之间。

e.g. Nick made up a song about friendship. 尼克创作了一首关于友情的歌曲。

I think they’re making the whole thing up.我认为整件事情都是他们编造出来的。

All the stories in this book are not real. The author made them up.这本书中所有的故事都不是真的，它们都是作者编造的。

拓展make up的其他常见含义
组成;构成Girls made up 56% of the student numbers.女生占学生人数的56%。

铺床;临时搭床They made up a bed for me on the sofa.他们在沙发上给我铺了个床。

化妆;上妆They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play. 在这出戏的最后一幕，他们把他化妆成一位老人。

补上;补回I'm trying to make up the classes I missed while I was sick.我正在设法补回我生病期间耽误的课程。

2 Classical pieces ,such as Swan Lake, ...古典音乐作品,像《天鹅湖》这样的....
解析such as意为“比如;例如”,用于列举前面概述过的同类人或事物中的几个例子,但并不是全部。

e.g. Local people there still live on traditional living ways , such as farming and hunting.那儿的当地居民仍然以传统的生活方式生活,比如务农和狩猎。

辨析such as与for example
such as用于对前面提到的名词进行举例说明,引导的成分在句中作同位语。

such as位于被列举的名词之前,其后不用逗号。

e.g. I've been to many cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Xi'an.我去过许多城市，比如北京、上海和西安。

for example,用于列举同类人或事物中的一个或几个例子，在句中作插入语。

for example 可位于句首、句中或句末,并常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。

For example, Tom is a good student. 例如,汤姆就是一名优秀的学生。

拓展such as用于举例时也可分开使用，即such...as...其中, such作限定词,意为“这样的”,用来引出后文所提到的人或事物。

e.g. He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks.他有几本像词典、手册这样的参考书。

3 Shall we meet at the gate of the theatre? 我们在剧院门口见面好吗?
解析shall为情态动词，常用于疑问句中,用来表示提出或征求意见，且多用于第一人称。

e.g. Shall I turn on the lights?我开灯好吗?
拓展(1) shall还可表示“必须，一定”,此时它多用于第二和第三人称,用来表示决心、命令或指示。

e.g. You shall fail if you don't work hard.如果不努力你就会失败。

He shall be punished if he disobeys.如果他不服从就要受处罚。

(2) shall还可表示将来,用于第一人称,意为“将要,将会”。

e.g. I shall be thirteen next year.明年我就十三岁了。

一
(3)反意疑问句的前半部分若是以let's开头的祈使句,附加疑问句部分要用shall we;若是以let sb.开头的析使句，附加疑问句部分则要用will you。

e.g. Let's go together , shall we?咱们一起走,可以吗?
Let him have a rest, will you?让他休息一下吧,好吗?
Study skills
重点短语
1 no longer不再;不复
e.g. They no longer talked to each other after the quarrel. 他们争吵后就不再和彼此说话了。

2 go rotten 腐烂;变质
e.g. Fruit goes rotten quickly in hot weather.水果在热天腐烂得很快。

要点详解
1 I have few close friends , but many acquaintances at school that I like to talk to.我几乎没有亲密的朋友,但在学校有许多我喜欢与之聊天的熟人。