大学英语1__unit5___知识点

大学英语1__unit5___知识点
Unit 5 work to live or live to work precisely: adv.
1. 精确地；恰恰
- 每辆卡车装载的用品恰好是每个部队所需要的。

Every lorry indeed is packed with precisely the articles which each unit will require.
2. 正是如此；的确是这样
- —So you think it was a mistake?
—Precisely.
acquaintance: n.
1相识的人；认识的人；泛泛之交
- 我与他素昧平生。

(I have never made his acquaintance.)
2. 了解；熟悉
make sb.’s acquaintance 结识某人
drop an acquaintance 断绝往来
have a casual acquaintance 半生不熟
renew an acquaintance 重建友谊
CF: friend, mate, acquaintance & pal
这些名词都有“朋友”之意。

friend 一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。

例如：
- I’ve known her for years, but she was never a friend. (我认识她多年了，但成不了朋友。

)
mate 最普通用词，可与其他名词连用，构成如：classmate，desk mate，school mate等词。

既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。

例如：
-The blackbird sat on the nest waiting for the return of her mate.
-黑鹂在巢中等候其雄鸟归来。

acquaintance 指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情
感的人。

例如：
- He is an old acquaintance of my father. (他是我父亲的老相识。

)
pal 口语用词，指十分要好的朋友。

例如：
- We’ve been pals sinc e childhood. (我们自儿时就是好朋友。

) instantly: adv. 立即；马上
- 霎那间，迪克意识到他处境危险。

(Instantly Dick awoke to the terrors of his position.)
workaholic: n.工作狂
N.B.:
词缀–aholic，-holic，-oholic 在某些词后面表示“沉溺于，无法摆脱”的意思。

如：shop-aholic，golf-aholic，tobaccoholic 等。

classic:
adj. 经典的；古典的，传统的；最优秀的
n. 名著；经典著作；大艺术家
day off: 休息日
- 下次休假时，我再来看你。

(I’ll come over to see you on my next day off.) conceivably: adv.可想到地；可想象地
他的话想来不会是他的原意。

(He couldn’t conceivably have meant what he said.) retire: v.退休
spot:
1. n. 地点；斑点
2.（1) vt. 认出；
走在街上，我看见了一个老朋友。

I spotted one of my old friends when I was walking on the streets.
2) vi. 沾上污渍；满是斑点
- She has two dogs, a yellow one and a spotted one.她有两条狗，一个黄狗，一个斑点狗。

3. adj. 现场的；现货买卖的adv. 准确地；恰好
executive:
1. adj.行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的
- 美国总统是政府的行政首脑。

The President of the United States is the executive head of the government.
2.n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员
extracurricular: adj.课外的
extracurricular activities 课外活动
extracurricular athletics 课外体育活动
extracurricular life 课余生活
extracurricular pastime 业余消遣
extracurricular books 课外书
survive: v.比……活得长；经历……后幸存。

-这次地震中一家人都幸免于难, 真是九死一生。

-It is a narrow escape that the whole family survive the earthquake.
CF: survive, continue, remain & last
这些词都是动词，都含有“继续存在”、“经受住”的意思。

survive 可作及物和不及物动词，含有“幸免于难”、“平安度过”之意。

continue 为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过程。

remain 指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。

last 即“持续”、“经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在，或最为普通意义上的时间持续。

marketable: adj.适合市场需求的；可出售的。

compete: vi.竞争；对抗。

虽然只有四匹马竞争，但比赛很精彩。

Although there were only four horses competing, it was an exciting race.
compete against (with) 与…竞争
compete for 为…竞争
compete in 在…中竞争
beloved:
1. adj.深爱的；亲爱的
- Every lover sees a thousand graces in the beloved object. (情人眼里出西施。

)
2. n.深爱的人
firm: n.公司
- 公司应按照同工同酬的原则进行分配。

The firm should distribute on the principle of equal pay for equal work.
The director was careful not to lay the firm’s plans bare. (董事很注意不外露公司的计划。

) embarrass: vt.使尴尬；使局促不安。

-这是一个尴尬的局面, 但是他们成功地应付过去了。

-It was an embarrassing situation, but they carried it off well.
odd:
adj. 奇数的；古怪的；剩余的；临时的；零散的
n. 奇数；怪人；奇特的事物
CF: strange, odd, peculiar & eccentric
这些形容词均含有“奇怪的、奇异的、新奇的”之意。

strange 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生、新奇、奇怪或不自然的人或物。

例如：
-The doctor thought her strange behaviour was caused by stress.
-医生认为她那奇怪的举止是由于紧张所致。

odd 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。

例如：
- He is rather an odd man. (他是个颇为古怪的人。

)
peculiar 常含有令人不快的“奇怪”、“奇异”之意；侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性。

例如：- This food has got a peculiar
taste. (这食物味道怪异。

)
eccentric 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。

例如：
-If you go to the party in slippers, you will be considered rather eccentric.
-如果你穿着拖鞋出席舞会的话，人们会认为你有些古怪。

grab:
1. v.紧紧地抓住
- 他抓住了去美国的机会。

(He grabbed the chance to go to the US.)
grab a chance 抓住机会
grab a seat 强占座位
grab at sb. / sth. 试图抓住…；抢夺…
2. n.突然抓住
- 他一把抓住柜台上的钱。

(He made a grab at the money on the counter.)
board:
n. 董事会；木板；甲板；膳食
vt. 上（飞机、车、船等）；用板盖上；给提供膳宿
vi. 寄宿
膳宿费一天要多少？(How much is boarding and lodging a day?)
N.B. 形近词比较：
aboard prep. / adv.在（车、船、飞机）上
abroad adv.在国外
board n.木板；vt.登上（船、飞机等）
broad adj. 宽的，辽阔的；宽容的
decease: vi.死
the deceased: n.the dead person
CF: die, decease, perish & vanish
这些动词均有“死”或“死亡”之意。

die 最普通用词，指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。

例如：
- I might as well die as marry him. (与其嫁给他，我倒不如死了算了。

)
decease 正式用词，多指法律上的用语，只适用于人。

例如：
- The deceased left a large sum of money to his wife. (死者给他的妻子留下了一大笔钱。

) perish 书面用词，多指夭折或不幸暴亡。

例如：
Hundreds of sheep perished that year because of drought.
那年数以百计的羊因干旱而死亡。

vanish 指某物绝迹、不存在或化为乌有。

例如：
- Many kinds of animals have vanished from the earth. (许多种动物已经在地球上灭绝了。

) look sb. in the eye: 直视某人他是个有高度道德原则的人，无论对谁都可以问心无愧。

He is a person of high moral principles, who can look anyone straight in the eye. bitterness: n.愤怒；委屈；怨恨。

叫苦连天(One’s cry for bitterness is heavenly high.)
苦中作乐(seek happiness from bitterness)
忆苦思甜(contrast past bitterness with present happiness)
悲喜交集(Happiness is dashed with bitterness.)
straighten out: 解决
finances: vt.给…提供资金;资助n.财政;金融; 财力; 财务状况(或管理)
当然，这事是否能成功取决于你的经济状况。

Whether it can be done or not depends, of course, on your finances.
national / public / state finances 国家财政
high finance 巨额融资
an expert in finance 财政专家
the Minister of Finance 财政部长
option: n.
1.期权；买卖权
琼斯已取得那幢房子的买卖权。

Jones has taken an option on that house.
2. 选择。

机会总是留给有准备的人。

There are various options open to someone who is well prepared.
CF: option, choice & alternative
这些名词均含有“选择”之意。

option着重特别给予的选择权，所选物常常相互排斥。

choice侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。

alternative 指在相互排斥的两者之间进行选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。

and all that: 诸如此类的
随着年龄的增长，我逐渐遇到各种不良行为的诱惑，如吸毒、酗酒，凡此种种。

While growing up, I was surrounded with temptations to commit misdeeds like drugs, alcohol and all that.
pick out （vt）
1.选择
2.辨认出；分辨出
他的房子有一扇黑色的大门，很容易从其余的房子中区别出来。

His house is easily picked out from the rest for it has a large black door.
pick and steal 扒窃
pick out 选择
pick up 拾起
pick up with 在偶然机会认识
discreetly: adv.谨慎的
inquiry: n.打听；询问
inquiry about 请求帮助；询问
inquiry into 调查；查究
on inquiry 经打听；经询问
replacement: n.接替者；替代物
凡本店售出的商品一律承诺包退包换包赔。

Our shop sells goods with three guarantees: refund, replacement or compensation replacement worker 顶替工replacement ticket 补票
replacement of defective items 劣品包换
课文短语
劳累过度而死work oneself to death
死于die of / from
摇头shake one’s head
休假on one’s day off
坐上头把交椅move to the top spot
业余爱好extracurricular interests
适合市场需求的技能marketable skills
放弃give up
与…竞争compete with / against
对某人关心太多care too much for sb.
一家制造公司 a manufacturing firm
新近结婚newly married
打零工do odd jobs
抓住不放grab at
彻夜不眠stay up all night
对公司来说举足轻重mean much to the company
正视…look …in the eye
解决经济问题straighten out finances
优先认股权stock option
以及诸如此类and all that
辨别出pick out
四处打听ask around
课外阅读
pop up:出现；发生。

在电视上、杂志上以及百老汇，到处都看见那个电影明星。

The film star pops up everywhere, on TV, in magazines, on Broadway.
among others / among other things: （除列举到的之外）还有许多。

宾客包括伊莉莎白〃泰勒和迈克尔〃杰克逊。

The guests included, among others, Elizabeth Taylor and Michael Jackson. distract: vt.使分心。

- 爸爸开车时别让他分心。

(Don’t distract your father while he’s driving.) relationship: n.关系；关联；亲属关系。

delegate: v.把……委托给下级
如果你很忙，为什么不分点工作给助理做呢？
If you’re so busy, why don’t you delegate some of your work to your assistant? input: n.投入；输入
我们听取雇员的意见，珍视他们的投入。

We listen to our employees and value their input.
typically: adv.通常；典型地
typical: adj.典型的；特有的；象征性的
这幅画正是他早期的代表作品。

(This painting is fairly typical of his early work.)
focus on: 集中
link: v.联系；连接。

吸烟和肺癌有一定的关系。

(Lung cancer has been linked to smoking cigarettes.) concern: n.关注；担心；关心的事
人们越来越关注我们的城市污染问题。

There is growing concern about pollution in our cities.
extreme: adj.极度的
在那个国家的广大农村仍然存在着极度贫困问题。

Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas in that country.
in short: 总之；简言之
我们既没有资金也没有技术工人；总而言之，我认为我们干不了。

We have neither money nor skilled workers. In short, I don’t think we can do it. solution: n.解决；解决方法；解答
对于人口过剩没有简单的解决方法。

There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulation.
survey: n.调查
relax: v.松弛；放松
按摩（massage）可以使疲劳的肌肉放松。

(A massage will relax your tired muscles.) detail: n.细节
托德把旅行中的每个微小细节都考虑到了。

Todd had planned the journey down to the smallest detail.
schedule:
1. n.时间表；计划表；一览表
飞机提前两分钟抵达伦敦。

(The jet arrived in London two minutes ahead of schedule.)
2. vt.安排，计划；编制目录；将……列入计划表
会议已安排在周五举行。

(The meeting has been scheduled for Friday.)
overall: adj.包括一切的；总的。

减少运动总量，专心于学习。

Cut down your overall amount of physical activity and focus on your studies. reliable: adj.信赖的；可靠的
适当饮食和常规运动是减肥的可靠方法。

Eating sensibly and taking regular exercise is a fairly reliable way of losing weight.
on one’s own: 独自地；独立地
那个老妇人独自生活。

(The old lady lives on her own.)
staff: n.全体雇员
学校里的工作人员和学生保持着良好关系。

There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school. let go: 松开；释放
紧握住，别松手！Hold on tight and don’t let go.。