嘉定区2012届一模语文试卷及参考答案
2012一模(上海)现代文一答案 全部ppt
浦东新区答案要点及评分标准
• 4．（1）把社会地位的上升寄托于自身的切实努 力之上（通过自身努力改变命运）；（2）寄望于 “拼爹”理想的实现（寄望于家族的财富、地位） （3分；答对1空给2分，答对2空给3分） • 5.D（3分） • 6.《咏史》讽喻了当时选拔人才只讲究门第出身 的不合理现象；本文批判了当今选拔人才过于讲 究学历和学校名气地位的弊端。（2分）二者相同 处在于：只讲门第出身和过于讲究学历及学校的 名气地位都忽视了人才本身的才能；不同处在于： 前者属于“政治血统论”，后者属于“文化血统 论”。（2分）
嘉定高三语文参考答案 一、（16分） 1.（2分）A 2．（2分）享受自然、放松心灵、共同 活动（答出其中两点即可）的空间 3．（3分）C 4．（3分）（1）批评某些城市攀比建筑 的新奇、怪异，影响生态环境的现状（1 分）；（2）呼应第②段关于西方世界提 倡低碳的表述（1分），在对比中显示中 国建筑内涵回归的必要性（1分）。
闸北答案要点及评分参考 (一)（16分） 1．（2分）指中国城市的主流文化尚未建 成。2．（2分）相对于只是港台文化的拙 劣翻版的许多中国城市文化，北京则是体 制文化、精英文化、通俗文化交融的中心。 3．（2分）不仅 而且 4．（4分）“法租界”等是上海的吸纳外 来文化的特色，“城墙和城门”等是北京 的本土文化特色。（2分）（选取这些事物， 意在表明：）北京成为“另类”实在出人 意料。（2分）
普陀区答案 （一）（17分） 1.突出卖花人对花没有感情，只是将其视做牟利的工 具。 2.B 3.C或B
4.生动地表现出汉字的宝贵，呼吁当代的作家 们要尊重文学的本意，摒弃浮华花哨的文学创 作。
5.“文学野心”指的是文学作品应该能打 动灵魂，呼唤思想或摆脱世俗影响，坚 守创作本意，创作出启迪灵魂的作品。
2012届上海市嘉定区高三一模英语试卷(含答案)
嘉定区2011学年度高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷2012.1（120分钟完成; 总分：150分）第I卷（共 105 分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 2:30. B. At 2:00. C. At 1:30. D. At 1:00.2. A. In Beijing. B. In Shanghai. C. In Shenzhen. D. In Chengdu.3. A. She would like to talk at another time. B. She would like the man to continue.C. She wants the man to go away.D. She doesn’t know what to do.4. A. She is annoyed. B. She is upset.C. She is understanding.D. She is bored.5. A. A railway porter. B. A telephone operator.C. A bus conductor.D. A postal clerk.6. A. A math teacher and his colleague. B. A teacher and his student.C. A student and his classmate.D. A librarian and a student.7. A. The man no longer smokes.B. The man refuses to listen to his doctor’s advice.C. The man usually follows his wife’s advice.D. The man is under pressure from his wife.8. A. The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.B. The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.C. Her brother can find an apartment for the man.D. Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.9. A. Reading should come before listening.B. It’s most helpful to read English newspapers every day.C. It’s more effective to combine listening with reading.D. Priority should be given to listening.10. A. The man can’t come for the appointment at 3:15.B. The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C. The man is glad he can get in touch with the doctor.D. The man was confused about the date of the appointment.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which onewould be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He will be an intelligent student. B. He may not be an intelligent student.C. He will score better in exams.D. He will not be a good student.12. A. Through his teachers. B. Through his deeds in the classroom.C. Through his appearance.D. Through his reaction to different situations.13. A. Not to judge a boy by taking notes.B. Not to make the mistake of thinking a young man stupid.C. Not to overestimate a student’s intelligence.D. Not to judge a person’s intelligence by his appearance.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Positive thinking can make people healthy.B. A better attitude results in a better operation.C. Researchers have observed 16 patients’ recovery during the past 30 years.D. Great attention has been paid to how attitudes affect health.15. A. The painting was once thought to be worth around $25 million.B. The painting is one of the most expensive pictures ever sold at auction.C. The painting was purchased through TV.D. The quality of the painting has not been seen on the market for more than 10 years.16. A. The kindergarten fired the teacher.B. The mother demanded an unreasonable apology from the teacher.C. The teacher frightened a South Korean boy.D. The kindergarten punished a boy so severely.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.25. After 20 years in an African country, I returned home and found it changed ______recognition.A. overB. beyondC. more thanD. out of26. ______ the cliffs rose out of the ground, there were often narrow tracks winding upwards.A. BecauseB. As long asC. WhereD. Only if27. ______a wave of frustration, she felt at a loss as to how to respond to his angry words.A. Overcoming withB. Overcame byC. In order to overcomeD. Overcome with28. In China, no other organization than the CPC.（人大）make any law.A. willB. shouldC. shallD. must29. You don’t think she is more anxious to go there alone than you are, ______?A. do youB. are youC. isn’t sheD. don’t you30. The best job is______ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest inthe subject.A. thatB. oneC. suchD. this31. ______criticize my son, I______ help him find a more effective way to learn English.A. Rather than; prefer toB. Other than; would ratherC. Rather than; would like toD. Better than; had better32. So little______ with each other that almost no progress was made at the Copenhagen ClimateConference.A. the world leaders sharedB. did the world leaders shareC. shared by the world leadersD. share did the world leaders33. ______all by herself for many years, the old lady is sometimes very difficult______.A. Having lived; to be got along withB. Living; to get on well withC. Having lived; to get along withD. Living; to get along34. Another cultural reason ____ doing journalism is tough here is _____ people don’t want tostick their necks out.A. that; becauseB. why; becauseC. for which; whyD. why; that35. China, together with some other ASEAN（东盟）countries, ______against the over politicizingof the differences over the South China Sea.A. areB. wereC. isD. had been36. Unfortunately, his parents forced him to be a lawyer, _____ was against his own wishes.A. whoB. asC. whichD. what37. At the news that her daughter was missing, a _____ look appeared on the mother’s face.A. frighteningB. frightenedC. frightfulD. fright38. How nice it______ to be back home again after such a long absence!A. is feltB. feelsC. will be feltD. is feeling39. Many factors contribute to____, but the most destructive is the role that humans have played.A. animals to dieB. dying animalsC. animals died outD. animals dying out40. President Obama claimed that the rise of China could be a big threat and the worldneeds______.A. to be reshapedB. to reshapeC. to be reshapingD. reshapedSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.By now you know that getting your money’s worth is not just a matter of luck. It is more often the 41 of buying skill. Nevertheless, even the smartest consumers are sometimes fooled into thinking they are getting their money’s worth when they are not. At one time or another, almost everyone experiences deception(欺骗）in the market place. The deception may not be 42 . But, whether or not, any kind of deception hurts consumers’feelings as well as their pocket books. Some kinds of deception even endanger their health and safety as well. Obviously, consumers need protection against the marketing of unsafe goods and false or misleading advertising. Fortunately, there are both public and 43 agencies working to meet the need. Government’s job in free enterprise system is to protect the public 44 . The public is composed entirely of consumers. When it comes to protecting consumers, therefore, government has the most influence. Because most consumer products are sold 45 , the major responsibility for consumer protection is 46 by federal government. That responsibility, however, is shared by many agencies. For example, the US Postal Service works to uncover and stop di shone st scheme s operate d by mai l. T he Nat i ona l H ig hway Sa fet y B urea u is47 with all aspects of automobile safety. Certain federal agencies, however, have consumer protection as one of their chief 48 . Most federal agencies are known by their initials. FDA stands for the Food and Drug Administration, which probably does more to protect consumers than any other agency. Its major concern is the safety, purity, and labeling of foods, drugs, and cosmetics. These are the products for which consumers spends a(n) 49 38% of their incomes.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own50 of success, and that each of us is 51 for setting our own goals and52 whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is consi dered 53 .Thi nk of t he peace of m ind of the poor she pherd w ho tends his sheep, enjoying his simple life with his family in the beauty of 54 , and who is respected because he does a good job of 55 the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that 56 some people appear to be rich in 57 possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when 58 their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set 59 goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence and ability it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a60 of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was 61 frustration and disappointment with his own professional success, “You 62 set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful 63 by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” the counselor added,“You have not really failed and spoilt your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at 64you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.”50. A. purpose B. decision C. concept D. name51. A. helpful B. charged C. free D. responsible52. A. thinking B. determining C. knowing D. learning53. A. development B. life C. a success D. progress54. A. nature B. environment C. surrounding D. scenery55. A. realizing B. carrying out C. achieving D. completing56. A. as though B. even that C. as if D. even though57. A. spiritual B. mental C. ideal D. material58. A. judged by B. supposed to C. depended on D. relied on59. A. untrue B. unrealistic C. wrong D. false60. A. condition B. situation C. position D. standard61. A. experiencing B. considering C. feeling D. thinking62. A. mustn’t B. do not have to C. shouldn’t D. can’t63. A. nearly B. mostly C. merely D. frequently64. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything Section BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe rise of the so-cal led “boomerang generation” is revealed in official figures showing that almost one in five graduates in their late 20s now live with their parents.By contrast, only one in eight university graduates had failed to fly the nest by the same age 20 years ago. It also found that grown-up sons are twice as likely as their sisters to still be living with their parents in their late 20s. With nearly a quarter of men approaching 30 still living at home, the findings are bound to lead to claims of a “generation of mummy’s boys”.Young professionals in their late 20s or early 30s have been nicknamed the “boomerang generation” because of the trend toward returning to the family home having initially left to study. Recent research has suggested that young people in Britain are twice as likely to choose to live with their parents in their late 20s than their counterparts elsewhere in Europe.Growing housing prices, rising student debts and the effects of recession（衰退）on the job market have forced a wave of young people to move back into the family home at an age when they would normally be moving out. But commentators warned that the phenomenon may have more to do with young people facing “dire” prospects than simply a desire to save money.While the proportion of those of university or college age moving out from the family home has continued to rise in the last 20 years, among those in their mid and late 20s the trend has been reversed. Overall 1.7 million people aged from 22 to 29 now share a roof with their parents, including more than 760,000 in their late 20s. In 1988, 22.7 per cent of men aged 25 to 29 were still living with their parents but last year the proportion was 24.5 per cent.65. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The economic crisis has shown its effect on the young generation.B. More young professionals are returning home to live.C. British parents are suffering more loads from their grown-up children.D. Britain is suffering more than any other country in Europe.66. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Male children seem to be more independent than females.B. Eighty percent of university graduates were able to live independently two decades ago.C. The grown-up children choose to live with their parents only to save money.D. More and more children are moving out at university age.67. What does the underlined word “dire” probably mean?A. promising.B. inconvenient.C. very bad.D. hopeful.68. The following factors may account for the phenomenon except ___________.A. that living prices have risen a lotB. that it’s difficult to land a jobC. that education has already cost them a lotD. that parents can help them moreBIt’s great f un to explore new places—it feels like an adventure, even when you know you’re not the first to have been there. But make sure not to get lost or waste time going round in circles.● Do the map reading if you’re being driven somewhere. It’ll be easier if you keep turning the map so it follows the direction you’re traveling in. Keep looking ahead so that you can give the driver lots of warning before having to make a turn or you’ll ha ve to move to the back seat.● Get a group of friends together and go exploring. You'll need a good map, a compass (指南针）, a raincoat, a cell phone to call for help in case you get lost, and a bit of s pare cash for emergencies. Tell someone where you’re goi ng before you set out and let them know what time you expect to be back. The test is in not getting lost, not in seeing how fast you can go, so always stick together, waiting for slower friends to catch up.● See if your school or a club organizes orienteering activities, in which you need a map and a compass to find your way. This can be done as a sport, with teams trying to find the way from A to B (and B to C, etc.) in the fastest time, or simply as a spare-time activity. Either way, it’s not only good fun, but a great way to keep fit.69. Sitting beside the driver, you should___________.A. direct the driver when necessaryB. look ahead to see where there’s a turnC. move to the back seat if feeling uncomfortableD. keep looking at the map to find a place to go to70. Why do you need to tell someone your exploration plan before setting out?A. To get information when in danger.B. To be saved in case of an accident.C. To share the fun with him/her in exploration.D. To tell him/her what’s going o n with the group members.71. Orienteering activities can______________.A. make people work fastB. help people stay healthyC. help people organize other activitiesD. make people get prepared for sportsCIs early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning through playing to develop the child’s physical, sensory, communicational and social development. Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for kindergarten．There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education. Studies have shown that orphaned children who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed causing failure in school, and even in life. Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to prison．There are also negative parts to putting a child in formal education programs too early. Time Magazine online explains that “the younger the child the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work.” I have personally witnessed many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and bored with school before they finished high school. Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better off he or she is, so they push to start children earlier．Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a “false start”, as the gains are lost in middle and high school years. It seems that environm ent is a bigger factor on life’s success than early education. Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap in poor and middle school children. Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap．72. The purpose of the government valuing the early childhood education is ________．A. to develop the children’s communicationB. to give orphaned children good care and educationC. to get the children prepared for the kindergartenD. to train the children formally and regularly73. According to the studies, which of the following is True?A. Children with good early education may have a rich life．B. The orphaned children are usually unhappy in their life．C. Children without early education can do well at school．D. Head Start programs are helpful to the poor children．74. The underlined sentence “the younger the child the less his chances of catching up withfirst-grade work. ” suggests that _____________．A. the early childhood education is helpless to the child’s gradeB. it is good for the young children to receive early educationC. the early education can help the children follow the gradeD. the younger the children are, the cleverer they will be75. The author’s attitude toward the early childhood education i s _________．A. puzzlingB. negativeC. indifferentD. approvingSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.Robot, it is a word that seems very modern, a word that creates a strong mental picture, a picture of something that looks and acts like a human. Robots are not human, of course, they areThe word robot, and robots themselves, are less than 100 years old. But humans have been dreaming of real and imaginary copies of themselves for thousands of years. Early people madeWhat is the future of robots? The goal of scientist s is to create a true human-like robot. Some experts have described this robot of the future as one that can act independently with the physical world through its own senses and actions. Humans have the ability to see, hear, speak and solve problems. Engineers have built robots that have one or two of these abilities. But it takes a numberThe biggest problem in creating a human-like robot is copying human intelligence. The way the human mind works is almost impossible to copy. A simple computer can do mathematical problems far beyond the ability of even the smartest human mind. But the human mind is better than a thousand supercomputers at speaking, hearing and problem-solving. Several American and Japanese companies are working to develop the senses of sight and touch for robots. TheHowever, the most important human ability--the most difficult to copy--is problem-solving. An intelligent robot must be able to change the way it acts when it faces an unexpected situation. Humans do it all the time. Computers must do it for robots. This means computers must have a huge base of information about many things. They must be able to find quickly the needed information in their systems. And they must make choices about how to act. So far, this is beyond the ability of computers.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success only if you make the right choice.You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteemis always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial (长期的) victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.(Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)81. Why are people with low self-esteem compared to leaves?_________________________________________________________.82. What do losers think about their failures?_______________________________________________________.83. According to the writer, whether one will succeed ____________________________.84. The writer holds the view that he who connects with negative-thinking people will __________________________________________.第II卷（共 45 分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、许多街道都是以名人或大城市命名的。
2024届上海市嘉定区高三一模语文试卷(含答案)
2024届上海市嘉定区高三一模语文试卷一积累应用（10分）1.按要求填空（5分）（1）___________，日月照耀金银台。
（李白《梦游天姥吟留别》）（2）一日克己复礼，___________。
（《论语•颜渊》）（3）杜牧《阿房宫赋》寓褒贬于叙事之中，开篇即以蒙太奇手法暗示秦人以庞大的资源耗费建造奢华阿房宫：“___________，___________”。
（4）贾谊《过秦论》特别强调九国之师的强大，列举出统兵作战的诸多将帅、谋士，然后以“___________”一句写出九国之师面对秦军时犹疑徘徊的窘迫情态，对比强烈。
2.按要求作答（5分）（1）请根据下面语段的内容与逻辑关系选出对横线处语句排序正确的一项（）。
（3分）集装箱是西方人发明的，现在，中国人正在为这一行业作出日益重要的贡献。
我们有理由相信，在集装箱向智能化方向发展的过程中，___________；在领导这一产品更新换代的过程中，___________。
目前，智能集装箱的技术方案已经解决，考验人类智慧的则是，___________。
这需要更多的全球合作，包括政府间、企业间和非政府组织间广泛而深入的合作。
如果说《世界是平的》着重在于揭示___________，《集装箱改变世界》则重新揭示出___________，让我们重新认识集装箱这个看似简单的发明对人类的深远影响；同时，这也是对在全球范围内从事这一行业的人，表达迟到的敬意。
①中国企业应该承担更大的使命②在全球化的视角下一个被忽视的伟大贡献③一个具有生命力的技术在全球范围内的运用如何成为现实④全球化和新技术对世界的影响及其未来趋势⑤中国企业有能力成为推动者之一，因为中国已经是集装箱的全球制造中心和航运中心A.⑤①③②④B.①⑤③④②C.①⑤③②④D.⑤①③④②（2）小嘉同学是校文学社的负责人，他为号召同学们积极主动阅读文学名著，拟写了一份倡议书，但是细读其中措辞，下面画线部分有一处欠妥，请选出并加以修改。
上海市各区县2012年中考一模(期末)试题及答案汇总
上海市各区县2012年中考一模（期末）试题及答案汇总内容预览：松江区语文试卷一、文言文(一)默写(18)1.人生自古谁无死?_____________。
(《过零丁洋》)2._____________，雪尽马蹄轻。
(《观猎》)3.沉舟侧畔千帆过，_____________。
(《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》)4._____________，浓睡不消残酒。
(《如梦令》)5.盖一岁犯死者二焉，_____________。
(《捕蛇者说》)6.日星隐耀，_____________。
(《岳阳楼记》)(二)题破山寺后禅院(唐)常建清晨入古寺，初日照高林。
竹径通幽处，禅房花木深。
山光悦鸟性，潭影空人心。
万籁此俱寂，余钟磬(qìng)音。
7.诗歌中最能体现古寺环境氛围的两个字是“_____、_____(2)8.下列对诗歌理解有误的是_____(2)A.首联交代了时间和地点,突出诗人出游之心切B.颔联描写了后禅院的环境，禅房里花木长势茂盛。
C.颈联借景抒情，表达诗人愉悦、宁静的内心感受。
D.尾联以声衬静，营造出佛门圣地忘情尘俗的意境。
(三)见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来。
具答之。
便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。
村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。
自云先世避秦时乱，率妻子邑人，来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。
问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。
此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。
余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。
停数日，辞去，此中人语云：“不足为外人道也。
”9.上述语段选自课文《______》，作者陶渊明是______(朝代)田园大诗人(2)10.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子，注意加点字的含义。
(有括号的是加点的)(3)余人各复延至(其)家________________11.对上述语段理解有误的是_______(3)A.“皆叹惋”写出村中人为自己不知道外面的世事变迁而惋惜。
B.“皆出酒食”一句充分表明村中人生活富足而又热情好客。
C.村中人的自述表达了人们厌恶战争、追求和平的美好愿望。
2024年上海市嘉定区中考一模语文试卷含详解
2023学年第一学期九年级质量调研语文样卷（满分：150分，完成时间：100分钟）一、文言文（35分）1.默写与运用①无可奈何花落去，___________。
（晏殊《浣溪沙》）②___________，一览众山小。
（杜甫《望岳》）③射者中，弈者胜，___________，起坐而喧哗者，众宾欢也。
（欧阳修《醉翁亭记》）④好朋友参加班干部竞选却落选了，你想用《行路难》（其一）中所学的诗句激励他下次再努力。
于是在便签上写下了_______，_______，悄悄放进了他的文具盒。
阅读下面的文言文，完成小题。
凡闻言必熟论，其于人必验之以理。
鲁哀公问于孔子曰：“乐正夔①一足，信乎？”孔子曰：“昔者舜欲以乐传教于天下，乃令重黎②举．夔于草莽③之中而进之，舜以为乐正。
夔于是正六律，和五声，以通八风④，而天下大服。
重黎又欲益求人，舜曰：‘夫乐，天地之精也，得失之节⑤也，故唯圣人为能和。
和，乐之本也。
夔能和之，以平天下，若夔者，一而足矣’。
故曰‘夔一足’，非‘一足’也。
”宋之丁氏，家无井而出溉汲，常一人居外。
及其家穿井，告人曰：“吾穿井得一人。
”有闻而传之者：“丁氏穿井得一人。
”国人道之，闻之于宋君。
宋君令人问之于丁氏，丁氏对曰：“得一人之使．，非得一人于井中也。
”求闻之若此，不若无闻也。
节选自《___________》【注释】①乐（yuè）正：古代官名，负责管理音乐事务的官员。
夔（kuí）：人名，善音律。
②重黎：相传尧时掌管时令，后为舜臣。
③草莽：草野，指民间。
④通：调和。
八风：八方之风。
⑤节：关键。
2.请给上文补充出处《_______》（书名）。
3.解释下列句中加点词。
（1）令重黎举．夔于草莽之中（）（2）得一人之使．（）4.对文中画横线句意思的理解，最恰当的一项是（）A.大丈夫的快乐是天地的精华，是得失的关键。
B.大丈夫所喜爱的音乐是天地的精华，是得失的关键。
C.音乐是是天地的精华，是得失的关键。
2012一模现代文二各区答案
虹口区现代文二
• 9.“似乎”表明作者表达的是一种感觉(1 分）；本句作者由梧桐树感受到人生的使 命感和紧迫感，体味了人生的沧桑和生命 的静美(1分），因此而心态坦然平和、心 灵诗意栖息，超然观照人生，内心充盈， 充满信心和期待（1分）。意思相近即 可。 。
虹口区现代文二
• 10. D E • 11．（1）陪伴一代代人成长；（2）分享人 们的悲欢离合；（3）让人触情生情升华为文 学意境；（4）启发人生使命感、紧迫感； （5）见证历史、寄托情感。（每点1分） • 12．梧桐树，原生于中国云南（1分），在欧 洲等许多地区也能生长（1分）。树形高大(1 分）；树龄久（或：多年生乔木）(1分）； 春天开花，花黄绿色（1分）；为阔叶植物， 秋天叶落，适宜栽种为行道树（1分）
• 10．A C（6分) • 11．《胡同文化》安分守己、逆来顺受、随遇 而安、知足常乐等(3分) • 12．（此题答矛盾或不矛盾均可，只要言之有 理。如谈矛盾，需点出社会转型时期新事物与旧 事物的难免冲突。“向前的生活”必定是以牺牲 旧事物中的美好因素作为代价的，就如文中桥的 建成，必然使“古渡”及其美好的东西消亡。如 谈不矛盾，需强调的是“古渡”只是一种形式， 形式消亡了，然在现代文明中只要坚守“朴化的 韵昧”，保持一份质朴，“向前的生活”依旧是 美好的。）（4分）
闸北区现代文二
• 9、（4分）①“若是香得不妙，宁可无香” ； • ② 浅红淡白，绿叶掩映，色彩宜人（海棠虽然无 香，但红得“乐而不淫” ，白得“哀而不伤”）； • ③秾纤适中，充满生机。（对1处1分；2处3分； 3处4分） • 10、（4分）要点：语言风格① 准确典雅 ② 优美 抒情 ③ 形象传神 （答对1点即可；例子1分，观 点2分，表述1分） • 重点掌握“语言风格”这一术语。
2012学年第一学期上海市十二校联考语文试卷答案
2012学年第一学期上海市十二校联考语文试卷答案命题人：莘庄中学吴燕（答题时间150分钟，试题满分150分）一阅读 80分（一）（16分）1．（2分）人们能够主动抵挡各种诱惑。
（意思相近即可）2.（2分）此句将拥有欲望的人们被法律束缚比喻为猛兽关在笼子里，形象生动地表现出法律对人们贪欲的制约作用。
（比喻分析1分，作用1分）3.（2分）第4段有承上启下的作用。
承接上文对人类被欲望驱使的论述，引出下文对国家控制欲望的意义的论述。
（结构作用1分，结合文意1分）4.（2分）C（猴子不属于欲望无限扩大）5．（4分）（1）文学要使人类明白无尽的欲望既毁坏自己的生活，也危害他人。
（角度针对人类欲望1分，表述1分）（2）一个国家不能因欲望而无限加快发展速度，要放慢脚步，保护资源，为后代子孙着想。
（角度针对国家1分，表述1分）6．（4分）观点1分，举例阐述2分，语言表达1分。
（应以文学对人的精神有积极意义方面谈，若否定文学价值，最高给1分）（二）（20分）7.（2分）D （与“浸入”呼应，更具形象性）8.（3分）通过对椅子发出的轰隆砰然的炸响声音以及母亲、女儿的细微鼾息声的描写，以声衬静，突出了夜的静、黑，为后文叙写黑夜静思做了铺垫。
（每点各1分）9.（2分）黑暗社会的恶势力摧毁、封锁进步力量。
（“黑夜”、“利器”、“吞掉”意义揭示，两点1分，三点2分）10．（3分）因为作者在静夜中联想到诸如高渐离、鲁迅那样的勇于同“黑暗”作殊死抗争搏杀的人，能从中获得启示，能汲取前行的力量（正气得到弥补），对于前行的路有了更清晰的认识。
（联想内容1分，产生作用2分）11.（6分）B E （B项，具有象征意义的黑夜不是全文的线索；E项因果关系不成立）12.（4分）经过执着的通宵思辨，作者走出迷茫与困惑，获得了获得前行的力量，对未来充满希望。
（文中相关语句“不再是以前那种封闭道路的围困了”“黑潮涨满了，思路断了”“悄然地没了我的顶”“终于裂开了前行的通道”）（联系前文作者思想、内心变化2分，对未来的启示2分）（三）（6分）13. （1）一水中分白鹭洲（2）分野中峰变（3）香雾云鬟湿（4）低绮户（5）暮霭沉沉楚天阔（6）悠然见南山（7）意在沛公（8）不为物使（四）（8分）14.(1分) 白居易15. (3分) B（诗句不仅有神态描写，更主要是动作“坐起”的描写，动作描写深化了震惊的情感，“只”“尽显”表述不当。
2024年上海嘉定区初三一模语文试卷和答案
2024年上海市嘉定区初三语文一模试卷一、文言文（35分）（一）默写与运用（13分）1.无可奈何花落去，___________________。
（晏殊《浣溪沙》）2.___________________，一览众山小。
（杜甫《望岳》）3.射者中，弈者胜，___________________，起坐而喧哗者，众宾欢也。
（欧阳修《醉翁亭记》）4.好朋友参加班干部竞选却落选了，你想用《行路难》（其一）中所学的诗句激励他下次再努力。
于是在便签上写下了___________________，___________________，悄悄放进了他的文具盒。
（二）阅读下面的文言文，完成第5—10题（22分）凡闻言必熟论，其于人必验之以理。
鲁哀公问于孔子曰：“乐正夔①一足，信乎？”孔子曰：“昔者舜欲以乐传教于天下，乃令重黎②举夔于草莽③之中而进之，舜以为乐正。
夔于是正六律，和五声，以通八风④，而天下大服。
重黎又欲益求人，舜曰：‘夫乐，天地之精也，得失之节⑤也，故唯圣人为能和。
和，乐之本也。
夔能和之，以平天下，若夔者，一而足矣’。
故曰‘夔一足’，非‘一足’也。
”宋之丁氏，家无井而出溉汲，常一人居外。
及其家穿井，告人曰：“吾穿井得一人。
”有闻而传之者：“丁氏穿井得一人。
”国人道之，闻之于宋君。
宋君令人问之于丁氏，丁氏对曰：“得一人之使．，非得一人于井中也。
”求闻之若此，不若无闻也。
节选自《___________》【注释】①乐（yuè）正：古代官名，负责管理音乐事务的官员。
夔（kuí）：人名，善音律。
②重黎：相传尧时掌管时令，后为舜臣。
③草莽：草野，指民间。
④通：调和。
八风：八方之风。
⑤节：关键。
5.请给上文补充出处《___________》（书名）。
（2分）6.解释下列句中加点词。
（4分）（1）令重黎举．夔于草莽之中____________（2）得一人之使．____________7.对文中画横线句意思的理解，最恰当的一项是（）（3分）A.大丈夫的快乐是天地的精华，是得失的关键。
2012年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试语文试卷(有答案)
优选资源2012 年上海市初中毕业一致学业考试语文试卷（有详细答案）（满分 150 分，考试时间100 分钟）考生注意：1．本试卷共27 题。
2．请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定地址上，做在试卷上一律不计分。
一、文言文（42 分）（一）默写（18 分）I．树木丛生，＿＿＿。
（《观沧海》）2．沾衣欲湿杏花雨，＿＿＿＿。
（《绝句》）3．夜阑卧听风吹雨，＿＿＿＿＿。
（《十一月四日风雨大作》）4．＿＿＿＿＿，却道天凉好个秋。
（《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》）5．宠辱偕忘，＿＿＿＿，其乐滋滋者矣。
（《岳阳楼记》）6．＿＿＿＿＿，鸡犬相闻。
（《桃花源记》）（二）阅读下面的词，完成第7 — 8 题（ 4 分）天净沙·秋白朴孤农村日残霞，轻烟老树寒鸦，一点飞鸿影下。
青山绿水，白草红叶黄花。
7．以下与本曲描述的季节相同的一项为哪一项＿＿＿（2 分）A．知否，知否？应是绿肥红瘦。
B．小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。
C．夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车辗冰辙。
D．乱花渐彼迷人眼，浅草才能没马蹄。
8．本曲前后两组光景表现出不相同的特点，它们分别是＿＿＿，＿＿＿。
（ 2 分）（三）阅读下文，完成第9—11 题（ 8 分）陈康肃公尧咨善射，当世无双，公亦以此自矜。
尝射于家圃，有卖油翁释担而立，睨之，久而不去。
见其发矢十中八九，但微颔之。
康肃问曰：“汝亦知射乎？吾射不亦精乎？”翁曰：“无他，但手熟尔。
”康肃忿然曰：“尔安敢轻吾射！”翁曰：“以我酌油知之。
”乃取一葫芦置于地，以钱覆其口，徐以杓酌油沥之，自钱孔入，而钱不湿。
因曰：“我亦无他，惟手熟尔。
”康肃笑而遣之。
优选资源9． 本文作者欧阳修是＿＿＿ （朝代） 文学家，初中阶段我们还学过他的作品 《＿＿》 。
（2 分）10．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子，注意加点词的含义（3 分）以我酌油知之11 以下理解不正确的一项为哪一项＿＿（ 3 分）A ．第一段写了陈尧咨射箭的技艺高妙。
B ．第二段写了卖油翁酌油的本领过人。
上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三二模语文试卷及答案
上海市嘉定、黄浦区2012届高三4月第二次模拟考试语文试卷?一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1-6题。
（16分）???????????????????????????????? ?卖桔者言?张五常①作为一个研究价格理论的人，我对实证工作好之成癖。
要了解玉石市场的运作，我曾在广东卖玉。
在美国研究原油价格时，我曾到油田及炼油厂调查了好几个月。
理论若经不起实证的考验，是很难站得住的。
一个有实据在手的后起之秀，有时只要用三招两式，就可把一个纯理论的高手杀得片甲不留。
②香港年宵市场在年宵（除夕）的那一晚，需求的变动极快极大。
变动的方向大致上大家都预先知道。
1000块钱一枝的桃花可在几个钟头之间变得一文不值。
若不是买卖双方在期待上有了错误，上好的桃花哪会有弃于街头的明显浪费？同样一枝花，有人用200元买也有人用50元买，如何理解？年宵货品不断变动的价格是怎样决定的？买卖双方期待上的错误是怎样产生的？这些问题既困难又重要。
③要在这些问题上多一点了解，我决定在年宵的那一晚亲自卖桔。
这算是我第二次的经验。
第一次是一年前的年宵。
那次连天大雨，年宵当晚更是倾盆而下。
摆了数天的桔子十之八九都因雨水过多而掉了下来。
我知道大势已去，无心恋战，数十元一盆成本的四季桔，以5元清盘了事，蚀了数千元。
④今年卷土重来，也是意不在酒。
入货200多盆，每盆成本40元。
送了一小部分给亲友，余下大约二百盆就在年宵晚上8时起，在一个行人众多的空地盘出售。
我和三个朋友一起出售的是四季桔，邻近地盘少有卖桔的人，所以到凌晨三时半便将桔子全部卖出。
全部卖出并不一定有钱赚，赚钱与否是要看每盆桔子平均售价的高低。
在我们一定要全部卖出的局限下，入货的多少，价格转变的快慢，价格高低的分布，讨价还价的手法，都有很大的决定性。
我们200盆的平均售价大约是每盆55元（最高80元，最低20元）。
我们所赚得的就是那些送给亲友的桔子。
而我自己从卖桔所领悟到的经济含义，却是大有所值！⑤9时左右，客似云来。
嘉定区一模语文试卷及参考答案
嘉定区一模语文试卷及参考答案————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：嘉定区2011学年高三年级第一次质量调研语文试卷考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一阅读80分(一)阅读下文，完成第1-6题。
(16分）呼唤中国建筑内涵的回归①说到建筑，人们一般都会想到满眼的高楼大厦。
这些年来，人们的生活有很大的改善，盖起了亿万幢的住宅楼，也出现了许多摩天楼和吸引人眼球的奇异造型的建筑物，这些都是新时代的作品，有的也很精彩。
但是值得我们思考的是，我们自己的东西呢？②中国的建筑是独具特色的，不仅因为其历史悠久，还由于其人文和历史环境的独特，形成与西方完全不同的体系与类型。
近些年来西方世界提倡生态、低碳、人性。
而中国建筑出现伊始就尊重自然，讲究“天人合一”。
中国人造房子一开始就是用木结构，早在六千年前，浙江余姚河姆渡村的先民们创建的木屋，用卯榫结构造成的屋架、梁、柱，就能抵御地震的灾害，□□庇护了成千上万的中国先民，□丽江和汶川的大地震，也印证了中国木结构房屋的减震功效。
可是，我们现在都丢弃了，在中国大学里现今学建筑的学生也很少有人去学习和研究木结构的技术了。
③如果说中国的皇家宫殿以及寺庙形式都有些相像，那么，各地的民居则特别丰富多彩。
还有一个重要的特色，就是：中国的传统民居，无论是北方的四合院，还是江南的厅堂以至上海的石库门，它们的平面布局，都是有堂屋、两厢、前厅、后房。
堂屋是不放床的，是礼仪和会聚的场所，这是阖家团聚的需要。
住房中都有天井，讲究个上有天，下有地，房屋用墙围合起来求得安全，但不能没有天地。
2023年嘉定区高三语文一模试卷含答案
一、积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1），吾独穷困乎此时也。
（屈原《离骚》）（2）飞湍瀑流争喧虺，。
（李白《蜀道难》）（3）《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》中，苏轼以洒酒祭奠江月来抒发人生感慨的句子是：，。
2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）。
（3分）《兰亭集序》（见下图）这幅传颂千古的书法名迹，通篇遒美劲健，变幻万端，如有神助，在章法、结构、用笔上都达到了行书艺术的高峰。
章法上，凡二十八行，行的疏密大致相等，唯首尾偶显宽密；字与字之间，大小参差，长短配合，结构上，；或修长，或浑圆，突破了隶书扁平方正的形貌。
全篇三百二十四字，每一字都被王羲之用笔画赋予了鲜活的生命，①秉性、精神、风仪各异②可谓极尽运笔使锋之妙③强调欹侧、揖让、对比④颇具天然潇洒飘逸之美A.①③④②B.④②①③C.②①④③D.④③①②（2）下列行为表现不符合人物性格的一项是（）。
（2分）《红楼梦》第40回，刘姥姥二进荣国府被凤姐戏弄，引发贾母、王夫人、薛姨妈、王熙凤、宝玉、黛玉、宝钗、探春、惜春、湘云等人大笑。
A.史湘云一口饭都喷了出来。
B.林黛玉笑岔气了，扶着桌子“哎呦”。
C.宝玉早滚到贾母怀里，贾母笑的搂着宝玉叫“心肝。
”D.宝钗笑的用手指着凤姐儿，只说不出话来。
二、阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
（16分）材料一：①布洛是现代实验美学的代表，他继承了“自下而上”的实证研究方法，把对传统美学中审美客体的研究转向对审美主体的心理功能和美感体验的研究，建立了以观赏的效应为研究对象的美学理论。
他提出，在审美观照中，主体在心理上必须和审美对象保持一定的距离，也就是说，把眼前的对象同实践的、现实的自我联系割裂开来，切断同事物的实用、功利方面的联系，以一种漠不关心的旁观者的态度来看待它。
保持距离会使司空见惯的东西发出奇光异彩，使身处焦虑、烦躁、恐慌之境的心灵体会到一种奇异的镇定与寂静，领略到一种功利的“我”难以企及的审美之境。
上海嘉定区届级初语文模试卷+答案 (一)
上海嘉定区届级初语文模试卷+答案 (一)近日，嘉定区初中进行了一次届级语文模拟考试。
以下是试卷及答案解析。
一、阅读理解（共30分，每小题2分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（1）长江是中国第一大江，也是世界第三大江。
它发源于青海，经四川、重庆、湖北、安徽、江苏、上海等七个省、市、自治区，流经中国全境地区的19个省市以及1个直辖市。
长江对中国的经济和文化起着重要的作用。
生态环境的恶化已经引起人们的关注，保护长江已成为人民的共同呼声。
1. 长江发源于（）。
A. 青海B. 重庆C. 安徽D. 上海答案：A解析：文章第一句话就说了长江发源于青海，所以答案是A。
2. 长江流经下列哪几个省市？（）A. 四川、重庆、湖南、安徽B. 四川、重庆、湖北、安徽C. 四川、重庆、江苏、安徽D. 四川、重庆、江西、安徽答案：B解析：短文第二句话就告诉我们长江流经的这几个省市，是四川、重庆、湖北、安徽，所以答案是B。
（2）喜马拉雅山脉歌曲高耸如云的喜马拉雅山，巍峨的万重壁，高矗天空。
三秒钟的正念，十个音符的旋律，唤起你我高山歌唱的喜悦。
3. “高耸如云”这句话描写的是（）。
A. 喜马拉雅山脉的高度B. 喜马拉雅山脉的景象C. 喜马拉雅山脉的形态D. 喜马拉雅山脉的规模答案：A解析：这句话描写的是喜马拉雅山脉的高度，所以答案是A。
4. 这首歌曲所表达的情感是（）。
A. 对喜马拉雅山脉的赞美之情B. 对自然风光的喜爱之情C. 对登山运动的热爱之情D. 对生活的热爱之情答案：A解析：这首歌曲主要表达对喜马拉雅山脉的赞美之情，所以答案是A。
二、完形填空（共20分，每小题2分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
一个坚定的信仰在我童年的时候，我读过一篇关于“坚定的信仰”的故事。
故事的主人公是一位年轻的英语教师。
他的学生、同事和亲友们觉得他是一个很有能力的年轻人。
嘉定区2012年初三语文质量调研(修改8一模及答案)
1 / 10 20．．12．．年．嘉定区．．．初三．．学科．．质量调研．．．．语文．．试卷．．（满分．．．150．．．分．，．考试时间．．．．100．．．分钟．．）．考生注意：．．．．．1.．．本卷共有．．．．27．．题。
．．2.．．请将所有答案．．．．．．做在答题纸的指定位置上．．．．．．．．．．．，．做．在试卷上．．．．一律．．不计分．．．。
．一、．．文言文（．．．．42．．分）．．（一）默写（．．．．．．18．．分）．．1．．．草枯鹰眼疾，．．．．．． 。
（《．．． 观猎．． 》）．．2．．．向来枉费推移力，．．．．．．．． 。
（《观书有感》）．．．．．．．．．3．．． ，五十弦翻塞外声（《破阵子•为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 4．．．知否，知否？．．．．．． 。
．（《如梦令》）．．．．．．． 5．．． ，．盖以诱敌。
（《．．．．．．． 狼． 》）．．6．．．山水之乐．．．．，． 。
．（《醉翁亭记》）．．．．．．．．（二）阅读．．．．．下面．．宋词．．，完成．．．7．——．．8．题（．．4．分）．．诉． 衷． 情．宋． 陆游．．当年万里觅封侯，匹马戍梁州。
关河梦断何处，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．尘暗旧貂裘。
．．．．．．胡未灭，鬓先秋，泪空流。
此生谁料，心在天山，身老沧州。
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7．．词．．中加点的“．．．．．胡．”一词意思是．．．．．． （．2．分）．． 8．．下列．．．理解．．不．正确的一项是．．．．．． （．2．分）．．A ．．．上片从追忆往日豪放的军旅生活写起．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
．B ．．．下片着力抒发理想与现实的冲突矛盾．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
．C ．．．作者在这首词中抒发的感情是．．．．．．．．．．．．．从．悲凉．．转．为．激昂．．。
．D ．．．朗诵．．这首词．．．的．感情基调应．．．．．该．是．既．悲愤．．又．深沉．．的．。
2012嘉定区初三语文一模试题及参考答案
2011学年嘉定区九年级第一次质量调研语文试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：1．本卷共有27题。
2．请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上，做在试卷上一律不计分。
一、文言文（42分）（一）默写（18分）1．草枯鹰眼疾，。
（《观猎》）2．向来枉费推移力，。
（《观书有感》）3．，五十弦翻塞外声。
（《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》）4．知否，知否？。
（《如梦令》）5．，盖以诱敌。
（《狼》）6．山水之乐，。
（《醉翁亭记》）（二）阅读下面宋词，完成7——8题（4分）诉衷情宋陆游当年万里觅封侯，匹马戍梁州。
关河梦断何处，尘暗旧貂裘。
胡未灭，鬓先秋，泪空流。
此生谁料，心在天山，身老沧洲。
7.词中加点的“胡”字一词意思是（2分）8.下列理解不正确的一项是（2分）A．上片从追忆往日豪放的军旅生活写起。
B．下片着力抒发理想和现实的冲突矛盾。
C．整理在这首词中抒发的感情是从悲凉化为激昂。
D．朗诵这首词的感情基调应该是即悲愤又深沉的。
（三）阅读下文，完成9——11题（8分）生于忧患死于安乐舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。
故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
人恒过，然后能改；困于心,衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。
入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
9.整理是战国时期著名的思想家，他是继孔子以后学派的代表人物。
（2分）10.用现代汉语解释文中画线句子，注意加点词的含义。
（3分）困于．心,衡于．虑，而后作11.下列理解不恰当的一项是（3分）A．第一段为下文论述人才的成功必须经历磨难做事实论据。
B．第二段运用排比句是论证了人才须在忧患中造就的道理。
C．第三段的论述是从个人推及国家：生于忧患；多难兴邦。
D．文章围绕个人和国家之间的生死存亡关系提出中心论点。
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嘉定区2011学年高三年级第一次质量调研语文试卷考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一阅读80分(一)阅读下文，完成第1-6题。
(16分）呼唤中国建筑内涵的回归①说到建筑，人们一般都会想到满眼的高楼大厦。
这些年来，人们的生活有很大的改善，盖起了亿万幢的住宅楼，也出现了许多摩天楼和吸引人眼球的奇异造型的建筑物，这些都是新时代的作品，有的也很精彩。
但是值得我们思考的是，我们自己的东西呢？②中国的建筑是独具特色的，不仅因为其历史悠久，还由于其人文和历史环境的独特，形成与西方完全不同的体系与类型。
近些年来西方世界提倡生态、低碳、人性。
而中国建筑出现伊始就尊重自然，讲究“天人合一”。
中国人造房子一开始就是用木结构，早在六千年前，浙江余姚河姆渡村的先民们创建的木屋，用卯榫结构造成的屋架、梁、柱，就能抵御地震的灾害，□□庇护了成千上万的中国先民，□丽江和汶川的大地震，也印证了中国木结构房屋的减震功效。
可是，我们现在都丢弃了，在中国大学里现今学建筑的学生也很少有人去学习和研究木结构的技术了。
③如果说中国的皇家宫殿以及寺庙形式都有些相像，那么，各地的民居则特别丰富多彩。
还有一个重要的特色，就是：中国的传统民居，无论是北方的四合院，还是江南的厅堂以至上海的石库门，它们的平面布局，都是有堂屋、两厢、前厅、后房。
堂屋是不放床的，是礼仪和会聚的场所，这是阖家团聚的需要。
住房中都有天井，讲究个上有天，下有地，房屋用墙围合起来求得安全，但不能没有天地。
西方人所追求的是物化了的概念——“住宅是居住的机器”，只注重个人的物质需求。
中国人崇尚人与人之间的和睦相处，四合院相连而成胡同，宅院组合有街巷，上海的石库门排列在一起就是里弄。
它们虽然没有间距、密度、绿地率等等的指标，在过去人口不是那么膨胀的情况下，却能让入住者安居乐业，邻里融洽。
四合院的温馨、街巷风情以及里弄亲情，住过这些老居民区的人们会有那些美好的回忆。
而现在套用西方模式建造的新公房、居住小区、别墅群，似乎很先进、很科学，邻里关系却要冷漠和功利得多。
这些年来，不知道是不是被外来的文化搞得弄不清方向了，中国建筑的博大精深以及传统的技术和艺术中的精彩似乎逐步被人们遗忘。
所以，我们要呼唤中国建筑的回归，回归中国建筑中蕴藏着的许多优秀的传统——在这些年造了这么多房屋之后，本也该好好地反思一下。
④前些日子，我去广州市图书馆做讲座，主办方专程陪我去看了近年新建的建筑，有新电视塔，广州人昵称为“小蛮腰”，有大剧院称为“大磐石”，还有个高层大楼叫“水桶哥”，这些建筑的造型都很有特色。
只是既说到“特色”两字，我就觉得还缺少了广州的地方特点，同时也没有中国味。
这些高楼钢塔放到哪个国家、哪个城市都可以。
又想到从前广州的建筑是以岭南特色而著称的，广东的骑楼、岭南派的花园庭院……广东的老建筑有开敞的平面，通透的空间，轻巧的造型以及高天窗，趟栊门，广式廊檐、门楣，迥然不同于其他地区的建筑。
在改革开放初期的广州也出现了白天鹅宾馆的“故乡水”中庭，兰圃的深廊和白云山庄，从化温泉的内外庭园的结合，这些都是当时广州人引为骄傲而引领了中国的建筑新潮流的，而现在没有人提起了。
据说广州还要建十几幢摩天大楼，更多的城市还在攀比着建筑的多、高、大、洋，比着新奇、怪异，殊不知要烧多少钱，要产生多少碳！而从深层次上说，这就是根本不管城市文化了。
⑤作为中国人，我期待着学建筑的、造房子的以及管理建设的有心人，认真地回顾一下这些年来的建筑发展和演变，沉下心来甚至是要耐得住寂寞，做出些好作品来；不是搞建筑的，也要关心建筑事业，毕竟建筑与我们每一个人息息相关。
我希望大家都能懂点建筑，并且能真的读懂中国建筑。
希望我们共同努力来改变当今建筑的这种尴尬——中国建筑没有中国味、地方建筑没有地方特点的情况，让有中国特色的建筑和城市重新跻身于世界城市与建筑之林。
(2011-08-30《文汇报》阮仪三)1.联系上下文，填入第②段空格处恰当的一项是（）（2分）A．从而而B．因而然C．进而而D．继而然2．第③段画线词语“天地”的含义是。
（2分）3．对第④段内容理解不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．广州近年新建的某些建筑，既没有中国味，又没有地方特色。
B．具有岭南特色的建筑，开敞、通透、轻巧，曾引领建筑潮流。
C．所谓“特色”，既要新奇、怪异，也要讲究民族、地方特点。
D．城市新建筑一味地攀比多、高、大、洋，是缺乏文化的表现。
4．第④段画线句在文中的作用是。
（3分）5. 纵观全文，中国建筑的传统内涵包括(2分)（1）（2）6．作者希望“我们共同努力来改变当今建筑的这种尴尬”，你对此有何评价？（4分）_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________（二）阅读下文，完成第7-12题。
（20分）废墟的辉煌刘上洋①真没有想到，在罗马，最吸引人的地方是废墟。
②到达意大利的第二天上午，我们乘车从一个叫美女城的小镇前往罗马。
这天天气特别好，秋阳灿灿，秋风习习，高速公路两旁的松树就像一把把张开的绿色巨伞，撑着蓝天白云，景象美丽极了。
早就听说罗马是一件精致的建筑艺术作品，尤其是那规模宏伟金碧辉煌的梵蒂冈圣彼得大教堂，高耸云天气势非凡的圣天使城堡，巍然屹立威风凛凛的埃曼纽尔二世骑像纪念碑，充满神秘色彩的许愿喷泉，更是以它们独特的建筑艺术闻名于世。
因此，在我的想象中，罗马一定很美，很繁华。
然而，当汽车进入市区时，我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛，没有流光溢彩，没有生机盎然，一切都是旧的，街道是旧的，房屋是旧的，整个罗马就像一件陈列在博物馆里的历史文物。
③我不禁有些失望，谁能料到举世闻名的罗马竟会是这般模样。
就在我感到迷惑不解的时候，汽车在一座残破却很雄伟的椭圆形建筑物前停了下来，我的眼睛顿然一亮，这不就是古罗马斗兽场的废墟吗？这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，但不愧为人类建筑史上的杰作。
它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众，其规模之宏大，设计之科学，建造之精巧，不要说在两千年前，就是在现在，也令人惊叹不已。
陪同的宋群先生告诉我们，从斗兽场建成的第一天起，里面就浸满了野蛮与血腥。
达官贵人们为了寻求刺激和欢乐，在这里上演了长达500多年的“人兽斗”。
那是怎样一种残酷的场面啊！奴隶、囚犯同老虎、狮子在进行血淋淋的搏杀，统治者和权贵们却在看台上开怀大笑。
最后，鲜血流尽了，兽性也满足了。
望着这座体现了人类高度文明的建筑，我怎么也无法把它和野蛮、血腥联系在一起。
在诅咒它的同时，我又暗暗地为这座辉煌建筑的废墟历经漫长的风雨而得以保存至今而庆幸。
要不然我们只有从史学家的笔下去寻找它的踪迹了，就像我们中国的阿房宫一样，只能从司马迁的《史记》和杜牧的诗文中去想象它的辉煌壮丽了。
其实，岂止是阿房宫，据说宋代以前的建筑哪怕是废墟也很难觅到一座了。
④离斗兽场不远，便是罗马广场废墟。
这个古罗马的心脏地区，曾经殿堂高耸、神庙林立，如今却杂草丛生，成了一片断壁残垣。
华丽的埃米利亚殿堂，只剩下一堆零乱的石块；雄伟的马森齐奥殿堂，只剩下几堵厚厚的破墙；高大的蒂奥斯库雷神庙，只剩下孤零零的三根石柱；最为气派的萨图尔诺农神庙，只剩下八根石柱支撑的大门；为了纪念贵族与平民之间修好的和平神庙，只剩下光秃秃的庙墩基座。
还有那维纳斯女神庙、米利亚殿堂、罗莫洛神庙、凯撒神庙，也都化作一堆堆的碎石和乱砖。
徜徉在这罗马广场的废墟之中，仿佛就像在古罗马的历史中漫步。
我们不能亲见古老的历史，但废墟却可以告诉你昔日的辉煌。
残破的废墟正是完整历史的映照，而完整的历史也正是因为残破的废墟才得以顽强地展示着自己。
倘若没有废墟，人类的历史就会变得苍白单调，就会变得残缺不全。
⑤从罗马广场出来，我以为再也看不到什么废墟了。
谁知罗马城简直就是一个废墟的世界。
一座座倾塌的城墙，一间间残破的宫殿，一根根斑驳脱榫的石梁，一个个缺手少臂的雕像，以及一条条被毁坏得不成形状的通道随处可见，或掩映在绿树丛中，或竖立在草坪之上，或横亘在街边路旁，或紧靠着新的建筑。
尤其使人惊讶的是，绝大多数废墟都在罗马市区的中心，而且完好地保存在显眼醒目之处。
凝视着这些废墟，我忽然发现罗马充满着一种残缺的美，一种古旧的美。
是的，比起完整的建筑来，残缺的废墟更能给人以震撼，更能给人以深思，更能给人以力量，更能给人以启迪。
⑥于是，我不由地惊叹和钦佩起罗马人来。
⑦他们不愧是具有远见卓识的一族。
面对古罗马文明的废墟，他们没有用推土机去把它们推倒和铲平，也没有在废墟上去恢复和重现古罗马的壮丽辉煌，而是独具匠心地将废墟原封不动地保存起来。
因为他们深深地懂得，废墟是历史的遗物和文明的见证，毁掉了废墟也就毁掉了历史和文明。
这无异于民族精神的自杀。
只有尊重废墟，才能超越废墟，去创造新的辉煌。
正因为如此，罗马人才以巨大的勇气和胆识精心地保护着每一处废墟，罗马也因此成为全世界人都向往的地方。
每天从四面八方来废墟游览的人络绎不绝，摩肩接踵，旅游业成为罗马空前兴旺的朝阳产业。
罗马人把废墟变成了宝贝，变成了无以伦比的财富。
⑧罗马废墟，一个千古的绝响，一个永恒的魅力，一个不灭的辉煌。
7．第②段列举梵蒂冈圣彼得大教堂、圣天使城堡和埃曼纽尔二世骑像纪念碑等众多罗马著名建筑的用意是________________________________________________________________________。
(2分) 8．第③段画线句中“兽性”一语双关，既指____________________________________________，又指_____________________________________________________。