高中英语真题-V-ing形式作主语和宾语

高中英语真题:V-ing形式作主语和宾语
一、V-ing形式作主语
1. V-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，尤其是强调多次性的动作。

如：
Reading poems gives me muc h pleasure. 读诗给我带来很多欢乐。

动词不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作。

如：
To go to town this afternoon is necessary. 今天下午进城是必要的。

2. V-ing形式常用于
It’s no use (useless) doing, It’s no good doing, There is no doi ng (不可能，不允许)句型中。

如：
It’s no use forcing children to learn. 强迫孩子学习是没有用的。

There is no telling what will happen. 未来的事，无法预料。

考
例：’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use with h im.
A. to argue
B. arguing
C. argued
D. having argued
答案：B。

3. V-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。

如：
Learning new words is very useful to us. 对我们来说学习生词很重要。

二、V-ing形式作宾语
1. 跟V-ing形式作宾语的动词有：
spend, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider (考
虑), delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest 等及
feel like, be fond of, what (how) about等固定词组。

另外，worth, busy 这两个形容词后也跟V-ing形式作宾语。

如：
My sister spends two hours a day practising the piano. 我妹妹每天花两个小时练钢琴。

I don’t feel like doing my homework now. 我现在不想做作业。

考例：1. As a new driver, I have to practise th
e car in my small garage again and again.
A. parking
B. to park Ｃ. parked D. park
2. All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show.
A. to go
B. going
C. to have gone
D. having gone
答案：1—2 AB。

2. V-ing形式在以下句型中作被省略了的介词的宾语：
have a hard time (in) doing费了很大劲做某事；
have difficulty / trouble (in) doing 做某事有麻烦；
stop / prevent... （from） doing防止……做某事；
waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事；excuse ... (for) doing 原谅……做了某事。

如：
Do you have any difficulty (i
n) keeping your three children at school? 你供三个孩子上学有困难吗？
考例：
You can’t imagine what difficulty we had home in th e snowstorm.
A. walked
B. walk
C. to walk
D. walking 答案：此题是have difficulty (in) doing sth的感叹句结构形式，故选D。

3. need, want, require 作“需要”讲时，后跟V-ing形式的主动式表示被动含义。

如：
The bike needs repairing (to be repaired).
4. 以下动词既可接V-ing形式又可接动词不定式作宾语，但含义不同：
(1) can’t help doing情不自禁，can’t help (to) do不能帮助做
(2) try doing 试着做，try to do 尽力做
(3) go on doing 继续做原来在做的事，go on to do 接着做另一件事
(4) mean doing 意味着，mean to do 打算做
(5) forget , remember, regret 后跟V-ing形式表示已发生的动作，后跟动词不定式表示未发生的动作。

如：
She can’t helping crying at the news. 听到那个消息她情不自禁地哭了。

I’m sorry I can’t help (to) clean the windows. 很抱歉，我不能帮忙擦窗子了。

I shall never forget visiting the Great Wall. 我永远忘不了参观长城这件事。

Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 离开之前不要忘了关灯。

考例：
1. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried
alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
2. —Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted his advice!
A. to
take B. taking C. not to take D. not t aking
答案: 1. A。

根据but分句可知, 她试着独自一人居住，所以用try doing。

2. D。

答语承认Robert是一个英明的人，所以常后悔“没有采纳（已发生）”他的建议。

5. 注意：look forward to, be (get) used / accustomed to（习惯于）, pay attention to, prefer... to, devote to 等短语中的 to为介词，后跟V-ing形式或名词作宾语。

如：
We’re so much looking forward to seeing you again. 我们非常盼望再见到你。

He devoted his entire life to learning. 他一生致力于做学问。

考例：—They are quiet, aren’t they?
—Yes. They are accustomed at meals.
A. to talk
B. to not talk
C. to talking
D. to not talking
答案： D。

V-ing形式作主语和宾语
一、V-ing形式作主语
1. V-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，尤其是强调多次性的动作。

如：
Reading poems gives me muc h pleasure. 读诗给我带来很多欢乐。

动词不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作。

如：
To go to town this afternoon is necessary. 今天下午进城是必要的。

2. V-ing形式常用于It’s no use (useless) doing, It’s no good doing, There is no doing (不可能，不允许)句型中。

如：
It’s no use forcing children to learn. 强迫孩子学习是没有用的。

There is no telling what will happen. 未来的事，无法预料。

考例：’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use with h im.
A. to argue
B. arguing
C. argued
D. having argued
答案：B。

3. V-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。

如：
Learning new words is very useful to us. 对我们来说学习生词很重要。

二、V-ing形式作宾语
1. 跟V-ing形式作宾语的动词有：spend, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider (考虑), delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, su ggest 等及feel like, be fond of, what (how) about等固定词组。

另外，worth, busy 这两个形容词后也跟V-ing形式作宾语。

如：
My sister spends two hours a day practising the piano. 我妹妹每天花两个小时练钢琴。

I don’t feel like doing my homework now. 我现在不想做作业。

考例：1. As a new driver, I have to practise th
e car in my small garage again and again.
A. parking
B. to park Ｃ. parked D. park
2. All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion sho w.
A. to go
B. going
C. to have gone
D. having gone
答案：1—2 AB。

2. V-ing形式在以下句型中作被省略了的介词的宾语：
have a hard time (in) doing费了很大劲做某事；have difficulty / trouble (in) doing 做某事有麻烦；stop / prevent... （from） doing防止……做某事；waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某
事；excuse ... (for) doing原谅……做了某事。

如：
Do you have any difficulty (in) keeping your three children at school? 你供三个孩子上学有困难吗？
考例：You can’t imagine what difficulty we had home in the snowstorm.
A. walked
B. walk
C. to walk
D. walking
答案：此题是have diffic ulty (in) doing sth的感叹句结构形式，故选D。

3. need, want, require 作“需要”讲时，后跟V-ing形式的主动式表示被动含义。

如：
The bike needs repairing (to be repaired).
4. 以下动词既可接V-ing形式又可接动词不定式作宾语，但含义不同：
(1) can’t help doing情不自禁，can’t help (to) do不能帮助做
(2) try doing 试着做，try to do 尽力做
(3) go on doing 继续做原来在做的事，go on to do 接着做另一件事
(4) mean doing 意味着，mean to do 打算做
(5) forget , remember, regret 后跟V-ing形式表示已发生的动作，后跟动词不定式表示未发生的动作。

如：
She can’t helping crying at the news. 听到那个消息她情不自禁地哭了。

I’m sorry I can’t help (to) clean the windows. 很抱歉，我不能帮忙擦窗子了。

I shall never forget visiting the Great Wall. 我永远忘不了参观长城这件事。

Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 离开之前不要忘了关灯。

考例：1. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried
alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
2. —Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted his advice!
A. to take
B. taking
C. not to take
D. not taking
答案: 1. A。

根据but分句可知, 她试着独自一人居住，所以用try doing。

2. D。

答语承认Robert是一个英明的人，所以常后悔“没有采纳（已发生）”他的建议。

5. 注意：look forward to, be (get) used / accustomed to（习惯于）, pay attention to, p refer... to, devote to 等短语中的 to为介词，后跟V-ing形式或名词作宾语。

如：
We’re so much looking forward to seeing you again. 我们非常盼望再见到你。

He devoted his entire life to learning. 他一生致力于做学问。

考例：—They are quiet, aren’t they?
—Yes. They are accustomed at meals.
A. to talk
B. to not talk
C. to talking
D. to not talking
答案： D。