译林版 高二英语 模块7 第三单元 M7 unit3 Grammar

be ＋ 表示最近、未来的 动词不 计划或安排 定式 表示命令
He is to go to New York next week. You are to explain this.
[即时演练 2] (1)完成句子 ①她现在正在写一本书。 She is writing a book now. ②当我到达那里时，他们正在看电视。 They were watching TV when I got there.
1.助动词 be 的用法
用法
例句
be ＋现在分词， 构成进行时态
be ＋过去分词， 构成被动语态
English is becoming more and more important. They were having a meeting. English is taught throughout the world. The window was broken by Tom.
don’t did
haven’t did will
have
didn’t was
didn’t wouldn’t have
was about to
was supposed to would rather
used to
wasn’t able to was likely to
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—What ________ the weather like in your hometown?
(2)(江苏高考)“Never for a second，” the boy says,
“________ that my father would come to my rescue.”
A．I doubted
B．do I doubt
C．I have doubted D．did I doubt 解析：选 D。考查倒装和时态。句意：这个男孩说：
它们既能与主要动词构成复杂的动词词组，也可与 基本助动词和情态助动词搭配充当“主要动词”。
[即时演练 5] 写出下列各句中半助动词的汉语意思 ①You are not supposed to park your car here. 应该 ②We have to be careful when driving. 必须 ③The president is to speak on TV tonight. 要做，将做 ④My father used to walk to work. 过去常常 ⑤He is likely to win the game. 有可能
know he ________ until yesterday.
A．will come
B．was coming
C．had come
D．came
解析：选 B。考查时态。前一句说 James 已经到了，
然后用 but 语意一转说直到昨天才知道他要来，据此可
知应该填表示将来含义的时态。A 项虽然表示将来，但
willing to, have to, seem to, be unable 的 一 类 结
to, be unwilling to 构
其他助 shall, will, should， 动词 would
无词义，主 要用来构 成将来时
[即时演练 1] 用适当的助动词填空 ①In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. ②I haven't (not) seen him for a long time. ③Only when we began our college life did we realize the importance of English.
during your stay, ________ you? A．mustn't B．haven't
C．didn't
D．hadn't
解析：选 C。考查 must 在反意疑问 句中的用法。must have done 的反意疑问 句中助动词既可以用 have 也可以用过去 式，但是如果语境中出现了明确的过去时 间状语则只能用过去式，本题中出现了 last summer，因此只能选择 C 项。
A．didn't speak B．hadn't spoken C．haven't spoken D．haven't been speaking
A．do
B．take
C．like
D．have
解析：选 A。考查动词。do 代替前文中的谓语部 分 take too much of the medicine; take 为及物动词“服 药”，在句中应跟宾语。
3．They became friends again that day. Until then, they ________ to each other for nearly two years.
③很多人在地震中丧生。 Many people were killed in the earthquake. ④下午 2 点你到老师办公室。 You are to get to our teacher's office at 2 o'clock.
(2)(重庆高考)James has just arrived, but I didn't
A．fill
B．have filled
C．am filling D．will fill 解析：选 C。考查时态。句意：“嗨，我们去滑
冰吧。”“对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填一份新工
作的申请表。”由答句中的时间状语 right now 和上下文
语境可知，此处表示正在发生的事，应用现在进行时，
故选 C 项。
“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”表示否定意义
的短语 never for a second 位于句首，句子需要部分倒装，
根据句意可知男孩是在回忆父亲救他时的情景，因此用
一般过去时态，答案为 D。
(3)(重庆高考)—I spent two weeks in London last
summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum
④I bought this watch here yesterday, but it doesn't work.
⑤He will come to the office this afternoon. ⑥These books are not supposed to be taken out of the reading­room.
A．cover
B．will cover
C．have covered D．covered
解析：选 C。考查时态。根据两人的对话及句中的 in a variety of forms 可知，媒体已经以多种形式对南京 青年奥运会进行了报道，因此选择 C。
3．助动词 do 的用法
[名师点津] (1)构成否定祈使句只用 do，不用 did 和 does。 (2)加强动词语气，应在具备以下两个条件时使用： ①只用于一般时；②只用于肯定句。 (3)用于倒装句，应具备副词 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so 等位于句首的条件。
(2)(北京高考)—What time is it?
—I have no idea. But just a minute, I ________ it for you.
A．check
B．checked
C．will check D．would check
解析：选 C。考查时态。句意：“几点了？”“我 不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。”由 just a minute 可知， 下文表示临时的决定，应用一般将来时，故选 C 项。
半助动词指在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间， 本身带有词义的一类结构。常见的半助动词有 appear to, happen to, turn out to, would rather, be about to, be to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have (got) to, had better, seem to, be able to, get to, be certain to 等。
2．助动词 have 的用法
(2)(天津高考)We won't start the work until all the preparations ________．
A．are being made B．will be made C．have been made D．had been made 解析：选 C。考查时态和语态。句意：在所有准备 工作就绪以后我们才开始工作。在时间、条件状语从句 中，可以用一般现在时、现在完成时表将来。从句中的 动作 make 要先于主句谓语动词的动作 start 之前发生， 应用现在完成时表将来。故选 C 项。
Unit 3 Grammar and usage
Auxiliary verb
[语法剖析]
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被 协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词是语法功 能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉 语翻译，用于构成时态、语态。
类别
例词
基本助 be, do, have
是因为主句用了过去时，从句不能用一般将来时，因此
只能选择 B 项，用过去进行时表将来。
(3)(北京高考)—Hi, let's go skating.
— Sorry, I'm busy right now. I________ in an
application form for a new job.
—It's hard to say. Sometimes it is nice, but at other times, it
is bad. A．would
B．is
C．does
D．will
2．Don't take too much of the medicine; it does you
more harm than good if you ________．
(3)(湖南高考)Since the time humankind started gardening,
we ________ to make our environment more beautiful.
A．try
B．have been trying
C．are trying D．will try
(3)(山东高考)They made up their mind that they
________ a new house once Larry changed jobs.
A．bought
B．would buy
C．have bought D．had bought
解析：选 B。考查时态。句意：他们 下定决心，一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买 所新房子。根据主句中的关键词 made 可 知该题的语境是发生在过去的；同时 once 引导的条件状语从句中的 changed 这一 动作还未发生，用的是一般过去时表示过 去将来时的用法，所以主句应该用过去将 来时，即 would buy。
解析：选 B。考查动词的时态。句意：自从人类开
创园艺工作以来，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更加美
丽。根据前面的时间状语从句可知，try 这一动作从过
去一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去，故主句应用
现在完成进行时。
(4)(江苏高考)—How much do yoGames to be held in Nanjing? —Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
动词
特点 无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协助 主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、 疑问句等
be about to, be due 在 功 能 上
助动词 to, be going to, be 介 于 主 要
短语 likely to, be meant 动 词 和 助
(半助 动词)
to, be supposed to, be 动词之间