教育心理学基本术语汉英对照

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教育心理学基本术语汉英对照
总论
学派、学说、学科
S-O-R:stimulus-organism-response;
S-R:stimulus-response;
变态心理学:abnormal psychology;
差异心理学:differential psychology;
场心理学:field psychology;
德育心理:psychology of moral education;发展理论:developmental;
格式塔心理学:Gestalt psychology;
个体心理学:individual psychology;
构造主义:structuralism;
关系转换说:transposition theory;
官能心理学:faculty psychology;
环境论:environmentalism;
机能主义:functionalism;激进建构主义:Radical constructivism;建构主义:constructivism;
教师心理:psychology of teacher;
教学心理学:instructional psychology;教育心理学:educational psychology;
教育语言学:educational linguistics;
经验概括说(亦称“经验泛化说”):theory of experience generalization;
精神分析:psychoanalysis;
联结主义:connectionism;
联想心理学:association psychology;
内省主义:introspectionism;
情境性学习:situated learning;
人本主义心理学:humanistic psychology;人格理论:personality theories;
人格心理学:psychology of personality;认知心理学:cognitive psychology;
认知—行为理论:theories of cognition-behaviorism;
认知与组织论:cognitive-organizational theories;社会建构主义:Social constructivism;社会学习理论:social learning theory;生理心理学:physiological psychology;实验心理学:experimental psychology;数学教学心理学:psychology of mathematics teaching;
相同要素说:identical elements theory;
心理学派:school of psychology;
心理语言学:psycholinguistics;
信息加工的建构主义:information-processing constructivism;
行为科学:behavior sciences;
行为与联想论:behavioral-associationist theories;行为主义:behaviorism;
形式训练说:theory of formal discipline;学科教学心理学:psychology of subjects teaching;
学习的信息加工模型:information processing models of learning;
学习理论(学习论):theories of learning;
心理学一般概念
保持:retention;
表象:image;
抽象思维:abstract thinking;催眠术:hypnotism;
错觉:illusion;
大脑皮层:cerebral cortex;
发散思维:divergent thinking;分析:analysis;
感觉:sensation;
感觉适应:sensory adaptation;感情:feeling;
个性:individuality;
归纳推理:inductive reasoning;回忆:recall;
鸡尾酒会现象:cocktail-part phenomenon;集中思维:convergent thinking;
记忆:memory;
焦虑:anxiety;
具体思维:concrete thinking;
可逆性图形(双关图):reversible figure;类比思维:analogical thinking;
类比推理:analogical reasoning;
气质:temperament;
情调:sentimental tone;
情感:affect;
情绪:emotion;
全或无定律:all-or-none law;
人格:personality;
人工智能:artificial intelligence;
思维:thinking;随意注意:voluntary attention;
态度:attitude;
统觉团:apperception mass;
先天愚型:mongolism;
想象:imagination;
性格:character;
演绎推理:deductive reasoning;
遗忘:forgetting;
意识:consciousness;
意识过程:consciousness processes;
意识阈:consciousness threshold;
再认:recognition;
知觉:perception;
综合:synthesis;
神经元:neuron;
心理(的):psychology 、mind、mental;
心理学研究方法与技术
变量:variable;
变量间交互作用:interaction between variables;
操作定义:operational definition;
刺激-反应研究:S-R research;
道德两难情境:moral dilemmas;
调查表:inventories;
调查法:survey method;
反应-反应研究:R-R research;
个案研究法:case-study method;
观察法:observational method;
横向研究:cross-sectional research;
霍桑效应:Hawthrone effect;
基础科学研究:basic-science research;假设:hypothesis;
交谈法:interview method;
控制联想:controlled association;
控制组:control group;
迷津:maze;
迷箱:puzzle box;
描述性研究:descriptive research;
内省:introspection;潜伏学习实验:latent-learning experiment;
实验法:experimental method;
实验室实验法:laboratory experimental method;
实验组:experimental group;
投射技术:projective techniques;
外推的基础科学研究:extrapolated basic-science research;
问卷:questionnaires;
无意义音节:nonsense syllable;
相关研究:correlational research;
学习曲线:learning curve;
因变量:dependent variable;
因果关系:cause-and-effect relationships;因素分析:factor analysis;
中介变量:intervening ;
自变量:independent variable;
自然实验:natural experiment;
自由联想:free association;
纵向研究:longitudinal research;
发展心理与个别差异发展心理
安全依恋:secure attachment;
成年期:adulthood;
成熟:maturation;
惩罚与服从定向:punish-obedience orientation;
代沟:generation gap;
道德判断:moral judgment;
动作式表征:enactive representation;
儿童期:childhood;
发展:development;
法律与秩序定向:law and order orientation;
繁衍对停滞:generativity versus stagnation;
符号式表征:symbolic representation;
感知运动阶段:sensori-motor stage;
工具性-相对论者定向(亦称“朴素的利己主义定向”):instrumental-relativist orientation;
关键期:critical period;
好孩子定向(亦称“使他人愉快和帮助他人定向”):good boy/nice girl orientation;
后习俗水平:post-conventional level;
回避依恋:avoidance attachment;
焦虑依恋:anxious attachment;
具体运算阶段:concrete operational stage;可逆性:reversibility;
狼孩:feral children;
恋父情结:Electra complex;
恋母情结:Oedipus complex;
普遍的道德原则定向:universal ethical principle orientation;
契约性墨守法规定向:contractual legalistic orientation;
前习俗水平:pre-conventional level;
前运算阶段:preoperational stage;
亲密对孤独:intimacy versus isolation;勤奋对自卑:industry versus inferiority;青春期:puberty;
青年期:adolescence;
权威父母:authoritative parents;
群集:grouping;
少年期:preadolescence;
守恒:conservation;
双重建构:double construction;
顺应:accommodation;
他律道德:heteronomy morality;
胎儿期:fetus period;
同化:assimilation;
同一性:identify;
同一性对角色混乱:identify versus confusion;
同一性混乱:identify confusion;
同一性危机:identify crisis;
图式:schema;
吸吮反射:sucking reflex;
习得的性格:acquired character;
习俗水平:conventional level;
肖像式表征:iconic representation;
信任对不信任:trust versus mistrust;
形式运算阶段:formal operational stage;性成熟:sex maturation;
性心理发展:psychosexual development;依恋:attachment;
婴儿期:infancy;
友谊模式:friendship patterns;
幼儿期:preschool period;
运算:operations;
主动对内疚:initiative versus guilt;
抓握反射:grasp reflex;
专制父母:authoritarian parents;
自律道德:autonomous morality;
自我完善对失望:integrity versus despair;自主对羞怯或怀疑:autonomy versus shame and doubt;
个别差异
A型性格:style A character;B型性格:style B character;场独立性:field independence;场依存性:field dependence;
成绩不足:underachievement;成绩超常:overachievement;
成熟迟滞:maturational lag;
冲动性认知方式(冲动型):impulsive cognitive style;
发展迟滞:developmental delay;
反省性认知方式(沉思型):reflective cognitive style;
个别差异:individual differences;
孤僻症(孤独症):autism;
活动过度:hyperactivity;
计算障碍:dyscalculia;
晶体智力:crystallized intelligence;
流畅性:fluency;
流动智力:fluid intelligence;
慢速学习者:slow learner;
能力:ability;
能力倾向:aptitude;
轻度智力迟钝:mild mental retardation;情绪智力(往往被错译为“情商”):emotional intelligence;
缺陷学生:handicapped students;
认知方式:cognitive style;
失语症:aphasia;
书写障碍:dysgraphia;
特殊儿童:exceptional children;
习得的性能(亦称“习得的素质”):learned capabilities;
性别差异:sex differences;
学习成绩不良者:underachiever;
学习成绩优秀者:overachiever;
学习方式:learning style;
学习能力缺失:learning disabilities;
学习障碍:learning handicapped;
严重智力落后:profound mental retardation;
智力:intelligence;
智力落后:mental retardation;
学习心理学习论与学习类别
策略性知识:strategy knowledge;
产生式:production;
陈述性知识:declarative knowledge;程序性知识:procedural knowledge;顿悟式学习:insight learning;
发现学习:discovery learning;
符号学习:sign learning;
归纳学习:inductive learning;
合作学习:cooperative learning;
机械学习:rote learning;
接受学习:reception learning;
默会知识:tacit knowledge;
启发式教学:heuristic method;
启发:elicitation;
生成学习:generative learning;
试误式学习:trial-and-error learning;探究性学习:inquiry learning;同化论:assimilation theory;
显性知识:explicit knowledge;
学会学习:learning to learn
学习:learning;
研究性学习(国外心理学中无与之对应的术语,只是有几个概念与我国学者所指的研究性学习含义相近。

一是以问题为基础的学习(problem-based learning;二是以项目为基础的学习(project-based learning;三是探究学习(inquiry learning):research learning(我国常有人这样翻译);
有意义学习(亦称“意义学习”):meaningful learning;
有意义言语学习理论:meaningful verbal learning theory;
自主学习:self-regulated learning;
条件反应学习
辨别:discrimination;操作条件反射:operant conditioned 操作条件作用:operant conditioning;刺激:stimulus;
刺激辨别(亦称“刺激分化”):stimulus discrimination;
反射:reflex;
反应:response;
反应辨别(亦称“反应分化”):response discrimination;
经典条件反射:classical conditioned reflex;经典条件作用:classical conditioning;去习惯化:dishabituation;
生物反馈:biofeedback;
条件反射:conditioned reflex;
无条件反射:unconditioned reflex;
消退:extinction;
兴奋与抑制:excitation and inhibition;厌恶疗法:aversive therapy;
思维水平学习
背景命题:background proposition;
背景命题:background proposition;
背诵:recite;
编码:coding;
编码系统:coding system;
表现(又译为“作业”、“操作”):performance;
表征:representational;
并列结合学习(亦称“结合学习”):combinatorial learning;
侧向迁移:lateral transfer;
侧向迁移:lateral transfer;
长时记忆:long-term memory;
长时记忆:long-term memory;
常规性问题:routine problem;
创造性:creativity;
创造性思维计划:Productive Thinking Program;
从具体到抽象:from concrete to abstract;代表性学习(亦称“表征学习”):representational learning;
倒摄抑制:retroactive inhibition;
定势(亦称“心向”):set;
定义不明确的问题:ill-defined problem;定义明确的问题:well-defined problem;定义性概念:defined concept;
短时记忆(亦称“工作记忆”:work memory):short-term memory;
顿悟:insight;
发散思维(亦称“求异思维”):divergent thinking;
反例:negative instance;反思:reflection;
范型:paradigm;
复述:rehearsal;
复述策略:rehearsal strategies;
复习:review;
概念:concept;
概念同化:concept assimilation;
概念形成:concept formation;
概念学习:concept learning;
感觉记忆(亦称“瞬时记忆”):sensory memory;
感觉记忆:sensory memory;
高明的新手:intelligent novice;
功能固着:function fixedness;
共同编码:common coding;
共同成分:common components;
关键特征(亦称“定义属性”):critical feature;
官能心理学:faculty psychology;
过度学习(亦称“超额学习”、“过量学习”):over learning;
机遇推理:opportunistic reasoning;
集中思维(亦称“辐合思维”):convergent thinking;
解决问题(亦称“问题解决”):problem solving;
近因效应:recency effect;
精细加工:elaboration ;
精细加工策略:elaboration strategies;
具体概念:concrete concept;
科学概念:scientific concept;
可分离强度:dissociability strength;
可利用阈限:threshold of availability;
课文结构图式:text structure schema;
类别(亦称“类目”、“范畴”):category;类属学习:subsumptive learning;
类属者:subsumer;
类属作用:subsumption;
命题:proposition;
命题学习:propositional learning;
目标期望:goal-expectancy;
目标意向:goal-image;
内化:internalization;
内向:introversion;
难定义概念:ill-defined concept;
逆向迁移:retroactive transfer;
派生类属作用:derivative subsumption;配对联想学习:paired-associate learning;平行加工:parallel processing;
起固定作用的观念:anchoring idea;
迁移:transfer;
前摄抑制:proactive inhibition;
情节记忆:episodic memory;
认知:cognition;
认知策略:cognitive strategies;
认知地图:cognition map;
认知过程:cognition processes;
认知结构:cognition structure;
日常概念:daily concept;
上位学习:superordinate learning;
手段-目的分析:means-end analysis;
首因效应:primary effect;
熟练操作:skilled performance;
顺向迁移:proactive transfer;
条件-活动:condition-action;
推理规则:rules of inference;
外向:extroversion;问题空间:problem space;
问题情境命题:problem setting proposition;
系列位置效应:serial position effect;
下位学习:subordinate learning;
相关类属作用:correlative subsumption;相互作用:interaction;
相同要素:identical elements;
心理表征:mental representation;
心理练习:mental practice;
学习定势:learning set;
学习取向:learning approach;
译码:decoding;
易定义概念:well-defined concept;
意象系统:imagery system;
有意义学习心向:meaningful learning set;语义记忆:semantic memory;
预习:preview;
元认知(亦称“反省认知”):metacognition;
元认知策略:metacognitive strategy;
运动技能(亦称“动作技能”):motor skill;正例(亦称“肯定例证):positive instance;直觉:intuition;
指导程序:direction program;
属性:attribute;
自定步速(或译为“自我调节”):selfpaced;
自发性策略:self-generated strategies;
自上而下加工:top-down processing;
自下而上加工:bottom-up processing;
自由回忆学习:free-recall learning;
纵向迁移:vertical transfer;
组块:chunking;
组织策略:organization strategies;
品德与行为习惯的形成
“镇静剂”效应:sleeper effect;
道德的相对性(亦称“道德的可塑性”):moral relativism;
道德感:moral sense;
道德性:morality;
道德准则(亦称“道德标准”、“道德规范”):codes of ethics;
观察学习(亦称“社会学习”:social learning、“替代学习”:vicarious learning):observational learning;
价值辨析:value clarification;
价值观:values;
抗诱惑:resistance to temptation;利他主义:altruism;
模仿学习:imitation learning;
亲历学习:enactive learning;
青少年犯罪:juvenile delinquency;认知不协调:cognitive dissonance;认知协调:cognitive consonance;荣誉感:sense of honor;
社会学习:social learning;
态度学习:attitude learning;
替代学习:vicarious learning;
移情:empathy;
义务感:sense of duty;
言语与语言学习
表层结构:surface structure;
错别字心理:psychology of ghost words;电报式句子(亦称“电报式语言”):telegraphic sentence;
发展性阅读:developmental reading;
功能性阅读(亦称“工作型阅读”):functional reading;
句子理解策略:comprehension strategy of sentence;
内部言语:internal speech;
深层结构:deep structure;
识汉字心理:psychology of reading Chinese characters;
双语:bilingualism;
双语教育:bilingual education;
外部言语:external speech;
外语能力倾向:foreign language aptitude;写字心理:psychology of writing;
写作能力缺失:writing disability;言语:speech;
语词情境效应(亦称“语词上下文义影响”):verbal-context effect;
语感:tongue-sensibility;
语文能力:linguistic and literature ability;语言:language;
语言能力:linguistic competence;
语言冗余度:redundancy in language;
语言习得装置:language acquisition device;
语言运用:linguistic performance;
语义泛化:semantic generalization;
阅读倒置:reading reversals;
阅读困难:dyslexia;
阅读心理:psychology of reading;
转换语法(亦称“转换-生成语法”:transformational-generative grammar):transformational grammar;
作文心理:psychology of composition;
知觉、动作技能学习
辨别反应时:discrimination reaction time;不连续运动技能:discrete motor skill;
部分练习:part practice;
多重反应学习:multiple response learning;反应时:reaction time;
复杂反应时:complex reaction time;高原期:plateau;
简单反应时:simple reaction time;精细运动技能:fine motor skill;
镜画:mirror drawing;
连续运动技能:continuous motor skill;练习:practice;
内隐练习:covert practice;
逆向连锁作用:backward chaining;
顺向连锁作用:forward chaining;
外显练习:overt practice;
选择反应时:choice reaction time;
运动技能(亦称“心因运动技能”:psychomotor skill):motor skill;运动技能学习的联系阶段:associative phase of motor skill leaning;
运动技能学习的认知阶段:cognitive phase of motor skill learning;
运动技能学习的自动化阶段:autonomous phase of motor skill learning;
运动能量:motor capacity;
整体练习:whole practice;
准备动作效应(亦称“预热效应”):warm-up effect;
教学心理学习动机
5R笔记法:Record(记录);Reduce(简化);Recite(背诵);Reflect(反思);Review(复习);
PQ4R阅读学习法:Preview(预习);Question(问题);Read(阅读);Reflect (反思);Recite(背诵);Review(复习);
SQ3R阅读策略:Survey(浏览、概览);Question(问题、提问);Read(阅读);Recite(背诵、复述);Review(复习);安全需要:safety needs;
比率强化程式:ratio schedules of reinforcement;
避免失败的动机:motivation to avoid failure;
变比率强化程式:variable ratio schedules of reinforcement;
变时距强化程式:variable interval schedules of reinforcement;
成就动机作用(亦称“成就动机”):achievement motivation;
成就动机作用论:theory of achievement motivation;
成就归因:achievement attribution;
惩罚:punishment;
低成就需要者:low-need achievor;
定比率强化程式:fixed interval schedules of reinforcement;定时距强化程式:fixed interval schedules of reinforcement;
动机:motive;
动机作用(亦称“动机的形成”):motivation;
动机作用论:motivational theories;
非连续强化程式:intermittent schedules of reinforcement;
分化性强化:differential reinforcement;负强化:negative reinforcement;
负强化物:negative reinforcer;
附属内驱力:affiliative drive;
概括化强化物:generalized reinforcer;高成就需要者:high-need achievor;
归属需要:belonging needs;
好奇心内
激发与维持学习动机的“ARCS模型”:A(attention,注意)、R(relevance,贴切性)、C(confidence,自信心)、S (satisfaction,满足);
间时强化程式:interval schedules of reinforcement;
奖励:reward;
交往需要:need for affiliation;
冷认知:coal cognitive;
连续强化程式:continuous schedules of reinforcement;
目标导向:goal orientation;
内部动机作用(亦称“内在动机”、“内源性动机”):intrinsic motivation;
内部奖励:intrinsic reward;
内驱力(亦称“驱力”):drive;
内驱力降低说:drive-reduction theory;派生的地位:derived status;
普雷马克原理:Premack’s principle;强化:reinforcement;
强化程式:schedules of reinforcement;强化物:reinforcer;
驱力:curiosity drive;
驱力说:drive theory;
缺失性需要:deficiency needs;
热认知:hot cognitive;
认知内驱力:cognitive drive;
生长需要:growth needs;
生存需要:survival needs;
生理需要:physiological needs;
替代强化:vicarious reinforcement;
外部动机作用(亦称“外在动机”、“外源性动机”):extrinsic motivation;
外部奖励:extrinsic reward;
习得性自弃(亦称“习得性失助”):learned helplessness;
象征物经济(亦称“代币经济“):token economy;效果律:law of effect;
兴趣:interest;
激发与维持学习动机的“TARGETT模型”:T(task,任务)、A(autonomy,自主)、R(recognized,认可)、G (grouping,分组)、E(evaluation,评价)、T(time,时间)、T(teacher expectations,教师的期望);
需求:demand;
需要:needs;
需要层次:hierarchy of needs;
赢得的地位:earned status;
诱因:incentive;
诱因论:incentive theory;
正强化:positive reinforcement;
正强化物:positive reinforcer;
旨在成功的目标:success-oriented goals;准备律:law of readiness;
自我实现:self-actualization;
自我提高内驱力:ego-enhancement drive;自我图式:self-schema;
自我效能感:self-efficacy;
最佳刺激作用假设:optimal stimulation hypothesis;
尊重需要:esteem needs;
教学目标、教学原理
不断分化(亦称“逐渐分化”):progressive differentiation;
布卢姆的目标分类学:Bloom’s taxonomy of objectives;
高级规则:high-order rules;
规则:rule;
加涅的学习结果分类:Gagne’s types of learning outcomes;
教学过程流程图:flow chart of instructive process;
能力倾向与教学处理的交互作用:aptitude treatment interaction;
强化原理:principle of reinforcement;情感分类学:affective taxonomy;
认知分类学:cognitive taxonomy;
任务分析:task analysis;
心因动作分类学:psychomotor taxonomy;言语信息:verbal information;
掌握学习:mastery learning;
智慧技能:intellectual skills;
准备(亦称“准备性”):readiness;
综合贯通(亦称“整合协调”):integrative reconciliation;
最近发展区:proximal zone;(或:zone of proximal development<ZPD>);
教学方法、教学技术、教学管理
比较性组织者:comparative organizer;操作定义:operational definition;
陈述性组织者:expository organizer;
程序教学:programmed instruction;
从属任务(亦称“子任务”):component task;
多样化教学方式:inconsistent teaching style;
发现法:discovery method;
反馈:feedback;
分支式程序:branching programs;
戈登技术:Gorden technique;
个别化教学:individualized instruction;固有的反馈:inherent feedback;
归纳性概念学习法:inductive concept learning approach;
规-例法:rule-eg method;
计算机辅助教学:computer assisted instruction;
教学策略:instructional strategy;
教学媒介(亦称“教学媒体”):teaching medium;
经验锥形:cone of experience;
凯勒计划(亦称“个人化教学体系”:personalized system of instruction;):Keller plan;
考试焦虑:test anxiety;
课堂环境:classroom environment;
框面(亦称“帧”):frame;
例-规法:eg-rule method;
领导方式:leadership style;
探究学习:inquiry learning;
天才识别:talent identification;
同辈集体:peergroup;
同质:homogeneity;
同质分组:homogeneous grouping;
演绎性概念学习法:deductive concept learning approach;
异质:heterogeneity;
异质分组:heterogeneous grouping;
增补的反馈:augmented feedback;
直线式程序:linear programs;
指导发现法:guided discovery method;终点任务:terminal task;
自学辅导教学:self study-assisted instruction;
组织人格:organization personality;
组织者:organizer;
学习的测量与评价
爱森克人格(个性)问卷:Eysench Personality Questionnaire,简称“EPQ”;比奈智力量表:Binet Intelligence Test;辨别指数:discrimination index;
标准化测验:standardized tests;
标准化学业成绩测验:standardized achievement test;
操作智商:performance intelligence quotient;测量:measurement;
测量误差:error of measurement;
测验标准化:test standardization;
常模参照评价(常模参照测验:norm-referenced tests):norm-referenced evaluation;
创造性测验:creativity tests;
等第评价:rating;
等值性系数:coefficient of equivalence;
多重选择测验:multiple-choice test;
儿童人格问卷:Children’s Personality
发散思维测验:divergent-thinking tests;
Questionnaire,简称“CPQ”;
非标准化测验:nonstandardized tests;分半系数:split-half consistency;
鉴定:appraisal;教师自编测验:teacher-made test;
客观记分爱德华个人爱好程序表:Edward’s Personal Preference Schedule;
客观记分:objective scoring;库德一般兴趣调查表:Kuder General
Interest Survey;
量表:scale;
论文式测验:essay tests;
罗夏墨迹测验:Rorchach Inkblot Test;迷惑项目:distractors;
内容效度:content validity;
能力倾向测验:aptitude test;
评价:evaluation;
迁移保持测验:transfer retention test;
认知目标:cognitive objectives;
入学准备测验:school readiness tests;
社会年龄:social age;
适应性测验:adaptive test;
斯坦福-比奈智力量表:Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale;
斯特朗职业兴趣表:Strong V ocational Interest Blank;
态度测量:attitude measures;
态度量表:attitude scale;
韦克斯勒智力测验:Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised,简称“WISC-R”;
文化偏差:culture bias;
心理年龄:mental age;
信度系数:coefficient of reliability;
兴趣调查表(亦称“趣味调查表”):interest inventories;
行为目标:behavioral objectives;行为型式:pattern of behavior;
形成性测验:formative tests;
学习环境调查表:learning environment inventory;
一般成就测验:general achievement tests;一致性内部系数:coefficient of internal consistency;
一致性效度(亦称“同时效度”):concurrent validity;
语言测验(亦称“文字测验):verbal test;阅读理解测验:reading comprehension tests;
诊断性测验:diagnosis test;
职业兴趣测验:vocational interest tests;智力测验:intelligence tests;
智商分数:intelligence quotient score;
主干(亦称“题干”):stem;
主观记分:subjective scoring;
主题统觉测验:Thematic Apperception Test,简称“TA T”;
准则:criterion;
准则参照评价(准则参照测验:criterion-reference tests):
criterion-referenced evaluation;
准则关联效度(亦称“经验效度”、“统计效度”):criterion-related validity;
总结性测验:summative tests;
人格适应与心理卫生理论与一般概念
冲突:conflict;
催眠后暗示:posthypnotic suggestion;挫折-侵犯假说:frustration-aggression hypothesis;
非依附作用:nonsatrllizeyion;
个性化:individuation;
幻想:fantasy;
集体无意识:collective unconscious;
角色冲突:role conflict;
绝望:despair;
迷信行为:superstitious behavior;
内向(亦称“内倾”):introvert;趋避冲突:approach –avoidance conflict;去个性化:deindividuation;
双避冲突:avoidance-avoidance conflict;双趋冲突:approach-approach conflict;顺应:adjustment;
死本能:death instinct;
外向(亦称“外倾”):extravert;
性格化:characterization;
依附作用:satellization;
自居作用:identification;
自恋:narcissism;
自我调节:self-regulation;
自我概念(亦称“自我观念”):self -concept;
自我管理:self management;
自我监控:self-monitoring;
自我评价:self evaluation;自我图式:self-schema;
自我意识:self consciousness;自我意象:self image;
自尊:self-esteem;
人格异常与人格病态
白日梦:daydream;
变态人格:abnormal personality;
病态人格:psychopathic personality;
多重人格:multiple personality;
儿童精神分裂症:children schizophrenia;反社会人格:antisocial personality;
过失行为:delinquent behavior;
机能性精神病:functional psychosis;
健忘症:amnesia;
焦虑反应:anxiety reaction;
精神病:psychosis;
精神分裂症:schizophrenia;
恐怖症:phobia;
恐学校症(亦称“学校恐怖症”):school phobia;
恋物癖:fetishism;
裸露癖:exhibitionism;
偏执型人格:paranoid personality;
器质性精神病:organic psychosis;
强迫性人格:compulsive personality;
强迫性综合症:obsessive-compulsive syndrome;
情绪纷乱儿童:emotional disturbed children;
人格解体:depersonalization;
神经官能症:neurosis;
妄想:delusion;
物恋:fetish;
心理依赖:psychological dependence;
心身疾病:psychosomatic illness;
性变态:sexual deviations;
性格障碍:character disorder;
厌食症:anorexia nervosa;
药物依赖:drug dependence;
疑病症:hypochondriasis;
异装癖:transvestism;
抑郁症:depression;
癔病(音译“歇斯底里”):hysteria;
躁郁性精神病:manic-depressive psychosis;
自我意识障碍(亦称“人格意识障碍”):alienation;
防御机制与治疗方法
催眠后效应:posthypnotic effect;存在疗法:existential therapy;
防御机制:defense mechanism;家庭疗法:family therapy;
敏感性训练:sensitivity training;努力合理化:effort justification;认知疗法:cognitive therapy;
升华作用:sublimation;
松弛训练:relaxation training;
替代作用:substitution;
替罪羊:scapegoat;
投射作用:projection;团体治疗:group therapy;
文饰作用:rationalization;
系统脱敏法:systematic desensitization;心理保健(亦称“心理卫生”):mental health;
心理治疗:psychotherapy;
行为矫正(亦称“行为疗法”):behavior modification;
压抑:repression;
预后:prognosis;
咨询:counseling;
教育社会心理学
理论与一般概念
冲动:impulse;
从众(亦称“遵从”):conformity;
反从众:anticonformity;
反应定势:response sets;
个人空间:personal space;
沟通者的可信性:communicator credibility;
归因理论:attribution theory;
纪律性:discipline;
角色:role;
可控性维度:controllability dimension;可利用性:availability;
控制源维度:locus of control dimension;门面效应(亦称“面对门”:door-in-the face):door-in-the face-effect;
面对门技术:door-in-the- face technique;旁观者盘算:bystander calculus;
偏见:prejudice;
平衡理论:balance theory;
亲社会行为:prosocial behavior;
亲社会行为强化说:reinforcement theory of pro-social behavior;
侵犯的本能说:instinct theory of aggression;
侵犯的驱力理论:drive theory of aggression;侵犯的社会学习论:social learning theory of aggression;
情境归因:situational attribution;
群体动力学:group dynamics;
人际距离:interpersonal distance;
社会比较:social comparison;
社会比较说:social comparison theory;社会性本能:social instinct;
社会知觉(亦称“社会认知”):social perception;
社会助长:social facilitation;
社交性:sociability;
替罪羊理论:scapegoat theory;
团体冲突理论:group conflict theory;稳定性维度:stability dimension;
吸引:attraction;
信念偏见:belief prejudice;
需要互补:need complementarity;
选择性缄默症:elective mutism;
一致性原则:consistency principle;
依从(亦称“屈从”):compliance;
意向归因:dispositional attribution;
越轨反应:reaction to transgression;
责任扩散:diffusion of responsibility;
心胸豁达:open-mindedness;
影响因素
参与式领导:participating leadership;
参照群体:reference group;
得寸进尺效应(亦称“登门槛效应”):foot-in-the-door effect;
防御空间:defensible space;
放任领导:laissez-faire leadership;
非言语沟通:nonverbal communication;父亲形象:father figure;
过度保护:overprotection;
过度合理化:overjustification;
合作:cooperation;
合作性奖励结构:cooperative reward structure;
教师效能训练:teacher effect training;
竞争性奖励结构:competitive reward structure;
由少至多效应:less-leads-to-more effect;宽容的双亲:permissive parents;
习俗:mores;
皮格马利翁效应(罗申塔尔效应):Pygmalion effect;
气氛效应:atmosphere effect;
权威行为:authoritarian behavior;
群体核心:group focus;
群体极化(亦称“冒险转移”:risky shift;):group polarization;
同辈范型:peer models;
体态语:emblems;
同伴关系:peer relation;
士气:morale;(2006.12. 白晋荣编辑、整理)。

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