高中英语语法精讲(四)助动词
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A country ____s_h_a_l_l _p_ro_t_e_c_t_____her people __f_r_o_m___harm. 3.禁止(只搭配you) : You + shall not + Vr. ◎ You ___s_h_a_l_l _n_o_t_b_r_e_a_k/_v_i_o_la_t_e____the law.(不该违反法律) 4.请求(只搭配 I/we): Shall + I/we + Vr? → ____S_h_a_l_l _w_e____dance? 5.表询问(只搭配we): Let‘s + Vr., shall we? → Let's go, ____sh_a_l_l_w_e____?
do S+ does
did
◎我真的想跟你去。 + Vr. = I __d_o____want to go with you.
= I __d_i_d___ want to go with you yesterday.
(三)用do/does/did来表示否定 do not (=don’t)
S + does not (=doesn’t) + Vr. did not (=didn’t)
Have
◎你打电话给Tanya了吗?
Has + S + Vp.p. ? = ___H_a_v_e_y_o_u__c_a_ll_e_d___ Tanya?
Had
◎Tanya已经上床睡觉了吗?
= ____H_a_s_T_a_n_y_a_g_o_n_e____ to bed?
(四)用have/has/had来提出”简答”
2. S + cannot be + too + Adj. + to Vr. (做某事决不会嫌太...) 例：A person cannot be too old to learn.(学习绝对不会嫌太晚) ◎一个人承担责任绝不会太早(young)。
A person ____c_a_n_n_o_t_b_e__t_o_o_y_o_u_n_g__to_____take on the responsibility.
否定yes/no问句的简答法秘诀:不看否定词not便可做出正确的回答。
Point 2: 完成式助動詞 have/has/had
(一)have/has/had 的形式和搭配的主词
现在完成式 非第三人称单数之主词 have/have not
第三人称单数之主词 has/has not
过去完成式 所有人称单复数之主词 had/had not
1. Kevin 不知道要说甚么。 Kevin ____d_o_e_s_n_’_t ___know what to say.
2. Lisa 昨天没有出席会议。 Lisa ____d_i_d_n_’t____ attend the meeting yesterday.
(四)用do/does/did来提出”疑问”与”简答”
have.
Yes, S + has.
No, S +
had.
haven’t hasn’t. hadn’t.
◎你为我们这次旅行预定(book)房间了吗? ____H_a_v_e__y_o_u_b_o_o_k_e_d____ the room for our trip? Yes, I ___h_a_v_e____. / No, I __h_a_v_e_n_’_t___.
(四)用would与used to描述”过去经常做某事” 表过去会不断重复或发生很多次的动作或情况，现在已经不这么做。 S + would + Vr. = S + used to + Vr. ◎Jack _w__o_u_ld_/_u_s_e_d_t_o__p_la_y_t_r_ic_k_s_o_n__(trick) his friends whenever he had
2.__D_i_d__ Peter finish his work? Yes, he __d_i_d___. / No, he ___d_id_n_’_t___. 3.Doesn’t Susan know Ted? Yes, she __d_o_e_s___. / No, she __d__o_e_sn_’_t___.
Point 6: may/might的用法
(二)用may表达”许可”及”祝福” 许可：S + may + Vr. (...可以...) ◎你可以坐下了。 _______Y_o_u__m_a_y_s_i_t_d_o_w_n________. 祝福： May + S + Vr.! (但愿) ◎祝你有一个快乐的生日。______M__a_y_y_o_u__h_a_v_e_a_h_a_p_p_y__b_ir_t_h_d_a_y______. (三)用may/might表达“可能” 及“请求” 可能：S + may/might + Vr. (表肯定猜测，单纯表达可能性，与时态无关) ◎这只手表可能是Peter的。This watch ____m_a_y_/_m__ig_h_t_b_e_l_o_n_g_t_o_P_e_t_e_r____. 请求：May/Might + S + Vr.? (…可以...吗?) ◎我可以坐下吗?_____________M__ay__/_M_i_g_h_t_I_s_it_d_o_w__n_?_____________
(二)用have/has/had来提出”肯定”
have
◎我已经打电话给Ta.p.
= I _____h_a_v_e_c_a_ll_e_d_____ Tanya. ◎Tanya已经上床睡觉了。
= Tanya____h_a_s_g_o_n_e____ to bed.
(二)用have/has/had来提出”否定”
(三)用should表示"竟然"、"万一“ 1. It is amazing/surprising/unbelievable that + S + should + Vr.
(此句型之Adj.常表惊讶不可置信之意) ◎It is surprising that Jenny ___s_h_o_u_ld__p_a_s_s___ the test.(竟然通过) 2. If + S + should + Vr.…, S + 助动词 + Vr.
(should万一，表示发生机率极低的状态) ◎ If it ___s_h_o_u_ld__ra_i_n___tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.(万一下雨) (四)用should/ought to/had better表示 应该/最好做某事 应该做 S + should/ ought to + Vr. 最好做 S + had better + Vr. ◎ 你最好马上跟你的父母亲道歉。
(三)用would描述”过去” 肯定: S + would + Vr.(过去会/将....)(描述过去的时间中即将发生的动作) ◎妈妈昨天说她会让我去我朋友的生日会。 Mom said that she ___w__o_u_ld__le_t_m__e__go__t_o_m__y_f_ri_e_n_d_’s__b_ir_th_d__ay__p_a_r_ty_______ yesterday.
the chance. 表示过去持续一段时间的动作或状态，现在已经不这么做。 S + used to + Vr. (此used to不等于would) ◎Lisa在高中时过着早睡早起(keep early hours)的生活。
Lisa __________u_s_e_d_t_o_k_e_e_p__e_a_rl_y_h_o_u_r_s_________when she was in high school. P.S. S +used to + Vr. (过去经常)不等于S+ be used to + Ving.(习惯于...)
否定: S + would not/wouldn't + Vr.(不会/不肯/不愿意) ◎今天早上哥哥不让我用他的计算机。 This morning, my brother _______w_o_u_l_d_n_’t_l_e_t_m__e_u_s_e_h_i_s_c_o_m__p_u_te_r_______.
You _____h_a_d__b_e_t_te_r_a_p_o_l_o_g_iz_e_______to your parents.
Point 5: can/could的用法
(二)用can/could表达“能够”“有可能”“是否能够” 1. 能够 S + can/could + Vr. (could是过去式) ◎Father said we ___c_o_u_ld__w_a_t_c_h_T_V_____after we finished homework.(watch TV) 2. 有可能 S + could + Vr. (表示肯定猜测，could不是过去式) ◎Donald Trump ____c_o_u_l_d_w__in_____ the presidential election.(win) 3. 是否能够 Can/Could + S + Vr.? (can语气较直接，could较客气) ◎____C_a_n__y_o_u_d_o________me a favor?(较直接) ◎____C_o_u_ld__y_o_u_d_o_______me a favor?(较委婉)
Point 3: will/would/used to
(二)用will 表示未来 1.肯定: S + will + Vr. (未来会...,当下决定要...)
= S + be going to + Vr.(未来预计会发生的动作) ◎我明天将前往韩国。I __w__ill_g_o__to__/a_m__g_o_i_n_g_t_o_g_o__to___Korea tomorrow. 2.否定: S + will not + Vr. ◎妈妈不会让你去。 Mom _______w_i_ll_n_o_t_l_e_t_y_o_u_g_o_______. 3.疑问: Will + S + Vr.?/ Won‘t + S + Vr.? ◎Peter会留下来陪我吗?__________W__i_ll_P_e_t_e_r_s_ta_y__w_it_h__m_e___________? 4.简答: Yes, S + will. / No, S + won’t. ◎ Yes, ____Y_e_s_, h__e_w_i_ll____. / No, __N__o_, _h_e_w__ill_n_o_t_____.
延伸教学：cannot常见句型 1. S + cannot (help) + but + Vr. (忍不住) = S + cannot help + Ving ◎ Irene忍不住流下眼泪。(shed tears)
Irene _____ca_n_n_o__t _(h_e_l_p_)_b_u_t_s_h_e_d_t_e_a_r_s__________________. =Irene _____c_a_n_n_o_t_h_e_l_p_s_h_e_d_d_in_g__t_e_a_rs___________________.
高中英语语法精讲 （四）助动词
Point 1: 简单式助动词 do/does/did
(p.51)
(一)do/does/did 的形式和搭配的主词
现在简单式 非第三人称单数之主词 do/do not
第三人称单数之主词 does/does not
过去简单式 所有人称单复数之主词 did/did not
(二)用do/does/did来强调: 真的/的确
疑问： Do
Don’t
Does + S + Vr.?
Doesn’t + S + Vr.?
Did
Didn’t
简答：
do.
don’t.
Yes, S + does.
No, S + doesn’t.
did.
didn’t.
1.___D_o__ you have time now? Yes, I ___d_o___. / No, I ___d_o_n_’t____.
have
◎我还没打电话给Tanya。
S+ has + not + Vp.p.
= I ___h_a_v_e__n_o_t_c_a_ll_e_d___ Tanya.
had
◎Tanya还没上床睡觉了。
= Tanya____h_a_s_n_o_t_g_o_n_e____ to bed.
(三)用have/has/had来提出”疑问”
Point 4: shall/should/ought to/had better
(二)shall 的用法 1.将会: S + shall + Vr.= S + will + Vr. ◎We ____s_h_a_l_l _d_e_fe_a_t____(defeat) our enemy in this great war. 2.应该(未来应尽之责任): S + shall + Vr. ◎一个国家应该保护她的人民免于伤害。
do S+ does
did
◎我真的想跟你去。 + Vr. = I __d_o____want to go with you.
= I __d_i_d___ want to go with you yesterday.
(三)用do/does/did来表示否定 do not (=don’t)
S + does not (=doesn’t) + Vr. did not (=didn’t)
Have
◎你打电话给Tanya了吗?
Has + S + Vp.p. ? = ___H_a_v_e_y_o_u__c_a_ll_e_d___ Tanya?
Had
◎Tanya已经上床睡觉了吗?
= ____H_a_s_T_a_n_y_a_g_o_n_e____ to bed?
(四)用have/has/had来提出”简答”
2. S + cannot be + too + Adj. + to Vr. (做某事决不会嫌太...) 例：A person cannot be too old to learn.(学习绝对不会嫌太晚) ◎一个人承担责任绝不会太早(young)。
A person ____c_a_n_n_o_t_b_e__t_o_o_y_o_u_n_g__to_____take on the responsibility.
否定yes/no问句的简答法秘诀:不看否定词not便可做出正确的回答。
Point 2: 完成式助動詞 have/has/had
(一)have/has/had 的形式和搭配的主词
现在完成式 非第三人称单数之主词 have/have not
第三人称单数之主词 has/has not
过去完成式 所有人称单复数之主词 had/had not
1. Kevin 不知道要说甚么。 Kevin ____d_o_e_s_n_’_t ___know what to say.
2. Lisa 昨天没有出席会议。 Lisa ____d_i_d_n_’t____ attend the meeting yesterday.
(四)用do/does/did来提出”疑问”与”简答”
have.
Yes, S + has.
No, S +
had.
haven’t hasn’t. hadn’t.
◎你为我们这次旅行预定(book)房间了吗? ____H_a_v_e__y_o_u_b_o_o_k_e_d____ the room for our trip? Yes, I ___h_a_v_e____. / No, I __h_a_v_e_n_’_t___.
(四)用would与used to描述”过去经常做某事” 表过去会不断重复或发生很多次的动作或情况，现在已经不这么做。 S + would + Vr. = S + used to + Vr. ◎Jack _w__o_u_ld_/_u_s_e_d_t_o__p_la_y_t_r_ic_k_s_o_n__(trick) his friends whenever he had
2.__D_i_d__ Peter finish his work? Yes, he __d_i_d___. / No, he ___d_id_n_’_t___. 3.Doesn’t Susan know Ted? Yes, she __d_o_e_s___. / No, she __d__o_e_sn_’_t___.
Point 6: may/might的用法
(二)用may表达”许可”及”祝福” 许可：S + may + Vr. (...可以...) ◎你可以坐下了。 _______Y_o_u__m_a_y_s_i_t_d_o_w_n________. 祝福： May + S + Vr.! (但愿) ◎祝你有一个快乐的生日。______M__a_y_y_o_u__h_a_v_e_a_h_a_p_p_y__b_ir_t_h_d_a_y______. (三)用may/might表达“可能” 及“请求” 可能：S + may/might + Vr. (表肯定猜测，单纯表达可能性，与时态无关) ◎这只手表可能是Peter的。This watch ____m_a_y_/_m__ig_h_t_b_e_l_o_n_g_t_o_P_e_t_e_r____. 请求：May/Might + S + Vr.? (…可以...吗?) ◎我可以坐下吗?_____________M__ay__/_M_i_g_h_t_I_s_it_d_o_w__n_?_____________
(二)用have/has/had来提出”肯定”
have
◎我已经打电话给Ta.p.
= I _____h_a_v_e_c_a_ll_e_d_____ Tanya. ◎Tanya已经上床睡觉了。
= Tanya____h_a_s_g_o_n_e____ to bed.
(二)用have/has/had来提出”否定”
(三)用should表示"竟然"、"万一“ 1. It is amazing/surprising/unbelievable that + S + should + Vr.
(此句型之Adj.常表惊讶不可置信之意) ◎It is surprising that Jenny ___s_h_o_u_ld__p_a_s_s___ the test.(竟然通过) 2. If + S + should + Vr.…, S + 助动词 + Vr.
(should万一，表示发生机率极低的状态) ◎ If it ___s_h_o_u_ld__ra_i_n___tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.(万一下雨) (四)用should/ought to/had better表示 应该/最好做某事 应该做 S + should/ ought to + Vr. 最好做 S + had better + Vr. ◎ 你最好马上跟你的父母亲道歉。
(三)用would描述”过去” 肯定: S + would + Vr.(过去会/将....)(描述过去的时间中即将发生的动作) ◎妈妈昨天说她会让我去我朋友的生日会。 Mom said that she ___w__o_u_ld__le_t_m__e__go__t_o_m__y_f_ri_e_n_d_’s__b_ir_th_d__ay__p_a_r_ty_______ yesterday.
the chance. 表示过去持续一段时间的动作或状态，现在已经不这么做。 S + used to + Vr. (此used to不等于would) ◎Lisa在高中时过着早睡早起(keep early hours)的生活。
Lisa __________u_s_e_d_t_o_k_e_e_p__e_a_rl_y_h_o_u_r_s_________when she was in high school. P.S. S +used to + Vr. (过去经常)不等于S+ be used to + Ving.(习惯于...)
否定: S + would not/wouldn't + Vr.(不会/不肯/不愿意) ◎今天早上哥哥不让我用他的计算机。 This morning, my brother _______w_o_u_l_d_n_’t_l_e_t_m__e_u_s_e_h_i_s_c_o_m__p_u_te_r_______.
You _____h_a_d__b_e_t_te_r_a_p_o_l_o_g_iz_e_______to your parents.
Point 5: can/could的用法
(二)用can/could表达“能够”“有可能”“是否能够” 1. 能够 S + can/could + Vr. (could是过去式) ◎Father said we ___c_o_u_ld__w_a_t_c_h_T_V_____after we finished homework.(watch TV) 2. 有可能 S + could + Vr. (表示肯定猜测，could不是过去式) ◎Donald Trump ____c_o_u_l_d_w__in_____ the presidential election.(win) 3. 是否能够 Can/Could + S + Vr.? (can语气较直接，could较客气) ◎____C_a_n__y_o_u_d_o________me a favor?(较直接) ◎____C_o_u_ld__y_o_u_d_o_______me a favor?(较委婉)
Point 3: will/would/used to
(二)用will 表示未来 1.肯定: S + will + Vr. (未来会...,当下决定要...)
= S + be going to + Vr.(未来预计会发生的动作) ◎我明天将前往韩国。I __w__ill_g_o__to__/a_m__g_o_i_n_g_t_o_g_o__to___Korea tomorrow. 2.否定: S + will not + Vr. ◎妈妈不会让你去。 Mom _______w_i_ll_n_o_t_l_e_t_y_o_u_g_o_______. 3.疑问: Will + S + Vr.?/ Won‘t + S + Vr.? ◎Peter会留下来陪我吗?__________W__i_ll_P_e_t_e_r_s_ta_y__w_it_h__m_e___________? 4.简答: Yes, S + will. / No, S + won’t. ◎ Yes, ____Y_e_s_, h__e_w_i_ll____. / No, __N__o_, _h_e_w__ill_n_o_t_____.
延伸教学：cannot常见句型 1. S + cannot (help) + but + Vr. (忍不住) = S + cannot help + Ving ◎ Irene忍不住流下眼泪。(shed tears)
Irene _____ca_n_n_o__t _(h_e_l_p_)_b_u_t_s_h_e_d_t_e_a_r_s__________________. =Irene _____c_a_n_n_o_t_h_e_l_p_s_h_e_d_d_in_g__t_e_a_rs___________________.
高中英语语法精讲 （四）助动词
Point 1: 简单式助动词 do/does/did
(p.51)
(一)do/does/did 的形式和搭配的主词
现在简单式 非第三人称单数之主词 do/do not
第三人称单数之主词 does/does not
过去简单式 所有人称单复数之主词 did/did not
(二)用do/does/did来强调: 真的/的确
疑问： Do
Don’t
Does + S + Vr.?
Doesn’t + S + Vr.?
Did
Didn’t
简答：
do.
don’t.
Yes, S + does.
No, S + doesn’t.
did.
didn’t.
1.___D_o__ you have time now? Yes, I ___d_o___. / No, I ___d_o_n_’t____.
have
◎我还没打电话给Tanya。
S+ has + not + Vp.p.
= I ___h_a_v_e__n_o_t_c_a_ll_e_d___ Tanya.
had
◎Tanya还没上床睡觉了。
= Tanya____h_a_s_n_o_t_g_o_n_e____ to bed.
(三)用have/has/had来提出”疑问”
Point 4: shall/should/ought to/had better
(二)shall 的用法 1.将会: S + shall + Vr.= S + will + Vr. ◎We ____s_h_a_l_l _d_e_fe_a_t____(defeat) our enemy in this great war. 2.应该(未来应尽之责任): S + shall + Vr. ◎一个国家应该保护她的人民免于伤害。