2020版高考英语形容词和副词考点解读

2020版高考英语形容词和副词考点解读
1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ]According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years (long) than non-runners.
2.[2018·全国卷Ⅰ] Running is cheap, easy and it‘s always (energy).
3.[2018·全国卷Ⅱ] A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: an important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
4.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ] I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn‘t feel (challenge).
5.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the (loud) of all.
考点一形容词、副词的功能
规则形容词作状语表示原因、伴随、结果等,表示主语的状态和特征,不能表示动作的方式,而副词作状语则修饰动词。

①Having been praised by the teacher,the little girl ran back home,happy and satisfied.
被老师表扬之后,这个小女孩非常高兴,满足地跑回了家。

②He walked home slowly while talking to himself and kept puzzling over why the train hadn‘t waited for him for two more minutes.
他一面自言自语,一面慢慢地走回家,不明白为什么火车不肯再等他两分钟。

[温馨提示]有些副词像fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子,对整个句子进行说明或解释,表示说话人的态度与看法。

通常位于句首,常用逗号与句子分开。

Surprisingly,no one in the class could work out the problem.
令人惊讶的是,班里没人能解决这个问题。

考点二形容词、副词的比较级
规则同级比较要使用“as+adj./adv.+as”结构。

[温馨提示]当as…as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
Although he was disabled,he tried to lead as normal a life as possible.
虽然他是个残疾人,但他尽可能地去过正常的生活。

规则比较级前可用much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather, even, still, a great deal等表示程度,但比较级前不能再用more。

She sings far/much better than the others.
她唱得比别人好得多。

规则比较级前除了可以用程度词修饰外,还可用倍数、分数、百分数修饰。

用倍数修饰时,通常用以下结构: (1)A+is+倍数+as+原级+as+B.
This tree is three times as tall as that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。

(2)A+is+倍数+比较级+than+B.
The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.
这本字典比那本恰好贵四倍。

(3)A+is+倍数+the size/length/weight/height…of+B.
The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。

[温馨提示]用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。

规则“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。

There is no greater love than that given by parents in the world. 父母之爱,是世间最伟大的爱。

考点三比较结构的几种固定句型
规则“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”结构,意为“越……,越……”。

规则“比较级+and+比较级”结构,意为“越来越……”,表示程度逐渐变化。

规则A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。

”
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。

规则can‘t be too+adj.=can‘t be+adj.+enough意为“无论……都不为过,越……越……”。

You can never be too careful.=You can never be careful enough. 你无论怎么小心都不为过。

Ⅰ.单句填空
1.There‘s no (great) happiness than that of succeeding in one‘s career.
2. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest,under (freeze)water,in the damaged wooden ship.
3. It is not (surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.
4. You can live a more (power) life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.
5.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend(many)events in the coming years.
6. Get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch.
7. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
8.(fortunate), Natalie‘s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city‘s bridge closed.
9.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers(regular) decline to share food with their children.
10. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.
11. A wise man came along and asked them,“Oh, my dear friends, why are you crying?”“We were ten but now we are only nine,”they replied, and cried even (hard).
12. Ron had a (success) career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.
13. As they couldn‘t play outdoors, they were (happy), and some children even got into fights from time to time.
14. My aunt advised that I needed to go to hospital,and the treatment she provided gave my parents (value) time to take me to the hospital.
15. We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remember to record something (impress)and meaningful.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Last winter when I went here again,they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.
2. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ] I felt happily that their life had improved.
3. [2018·全国卷Ⅲ] Immediate, I raised my hand.
4. [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
5.[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]They were also the best and worse years in my life.
Ⅲ.语法填空
We‘re offering free tickets to go and see a film called A Year in Greenland. The film, which 1.(tell) you all about the plants and animals in that wonderful country, has won 2.prize at the national film festival—it‘s well worth 3.(see).
The film can only be seen at the new cinema that has just been completed inside the Science Museum in the city centre. It‘s showing this Sunday with 4.(perform) every hour from midday onwards, with the last showing at 5 o‘clock, two hours before the museum closes. So there are six times to choose 5..
So why not take the whole family to the museum this Sunday? Children will want to head straight down to the basement 6.the computers are kept. I promise you they‘ll come away with all sorts of 7. (excite) pictures they‘ve created.
Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would 8.(normal) cost $3.25 to go and see the film. 9.(get) your free tickets, you should e-mail this programme by midday on Friday. We‘ve only got a limited number of tickets, so the 10.(early) you e-mail us, the more likely you are to get one.
专题4 形容词和副词
【高考链接】
1.longer考查副词的比较级。

句意:一份医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。

根据than可知用比较级longer。

2.energetic考查词形变化。

句意:跑步总是让人充满活力。

根据it's可知,此处用形容词作表语。

故填energetic。

3.actually考查副词。

根据语境,此处修饰介词短语behind the change,故用副词。

4.challenged考查形容词。

句中的feel是连系动词,其后跟形容词或名词作表语,主语是he,与challenge之间为动宾关系,故用形容词challenged,表示“受到挑战的”。

5.loudest考查形容词的最高级。

根据上文的“That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.”和后面的of all可知,三个大猩猩一起尖叫,这只雄性大猩猩叫声最大,三者及三者以上用最高级。

【实战演练】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.greater由后面的than可知用形容词的比较级形式。

2.freezing freezing是形容词,修饰后面的名词water。

freezing water冷水。

3.surprising此处考查“It is+adj.+that…”句式。

句意:年轻人有可能爆发,这并不令人吃惊,特别是在有原因这么做的时候。

surprising令人吃惊的。

4.powerful修饰后面的名词应用形容词。

powerful强有力的。

5.more句意:我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动,希望在来年能参加更多。

many的比较级为more。

6.as句意:早起,在午饭前尽量高效。

固定表达as…as possible意为“尽可能……”。

7.gradually此处应用副词修饰动词。

8.Fortunately修饰整个句子,应当用副词形式。

9.regularly修饰动词decline应用副词。

10.especially句意:突然停下来是非常可怕的经历,尤其是在你高速行驶的时候。

此处用especially(特别,尤其)强调程度。

用副词修饰句子。

11.harder句意:一位智者走了过来,问他们:“噢,我亲爱的朋友们,你们为什么哭啊?”“我们本来10个人,可现在我们只有9个人了。

”他们回答道,哭得甚至更厉害了。

根据句意以及设空前的even可知此处需用副词的比较级形式作cried的状语。

12.successful句意:在退休过轻松日子之前,罗恩在福特公司工作,他的事业很成功。

名词career前需加形容词。

13.unhappy句意:由于他们不能去外面玩,所以他们不高兴,甚至有些孩子不断地打架。

根据上下文逻辑可推知设空处应为形容词unhappy(不高兴)作表语。

14.valuable句意:我姑姑建议我得去住院,她给我提供的治疗给了我父母宝贵的时间将我送去了医院。

名词time前需用形容词作定语,故答案为valuable。

15.impressive句意:我们可以通过写学习总结来开始这个习惯,还要记住记录下给人印象深刻的和有意义的事情。

设空处与形容词meaningful并列,修饰代词something,故推出设空处应为形容词impressive。

Ⅱ.单句改错
1. here改成there考查副词及语意理解。

句意:去年冬天“我”又一次去了那里。

故将here改成there。

2. happily改成happy考查形容词作表语。

句意:他们的生活有了很大提高,“我”感到很高兴。

此处形容词作表语,故将happily改成happy。

3. Immediate改为Immediately考查副词。

根据语境,此处修饰整个句子,使用副词,作状语。

4.suddenly改为sudden考查形容词。

修饰名词stop,故用形容词sudden。

a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。

5.worse改为worst
Ⅲ.语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,旨在向我们推荐一部值得一看的电影——A Year in Greenland。

1.tells考查动词时态。

句意:这部电影讲述了这个神奇国家的植物和动物。

此句是定语从句,which指代the film并在从句中作主语,因此谓语用单数,文章的时态是一般现在时,故填tells。

2.a考查冠词。

此处表达“一个奖项”用不定冠词a。

3.seeing考查固定搭配。

句意:这部电影真值得一看。

be worth doing sth是固定用法,意为“做某事是值得的”。

4.performances考查名词复数。

介词with之后要接名词,根据下文“…every hour from midday onwards, with the last showing at 5 o'clock…”以及six times可知,这部电影要演出6场,故填名词复数performances。

5.from考查介词。

句意:从六次中挑选一次。

choose…from…是固定用法,意为“从……中挑选”。

6.where考查定语从句。

句意:孩子们可以直接下到地下室,那里放置着电脑。

此句为定语从句,先行词the basement指地点,并在后面句子中作状语,故用where引导定语从句。

7.exciting 考查分词化的形容词。

修饰名词要用形容词,此处pictures指物,故用exciting表示“令人兴奋的”。

8.normally 考查副词。

句意:星期天,进入博物馆是免费的,但是通常去看电影要花费3.25美元。

修饰后面的动词cost,故用副词normally表示“正常地,通常地”。

9.To get考查动词不定式。

句意:为了得到免费的票,你应该在星期五中午前给栏目组发邮件。

此处表示目的,故用动词不定式To get。

10.earlier 考查形容词的比较级。

句意:我们的票数量有限,所以你越早给我们发电子邮件,你就越有可能得到一张票。

the more…the more…是一个固定句式,意为“越……越……”。