Asparagusic_acid_COA_21394_MedChemExpress
专业词汇词缀后缀
专业词汇词缀-后缀1．-algia 疼痛Arthralgia 关节痛Gastralgia 胃痛Nuralgia 神经痛Myalgia 肌痛2.-cele 肿物，癌，腔，空洞，疝Bronchocele 支气管局部扩大Cephalocede 脑膨出Cystocele 膀胱膨出Hydrocele 水囊肿Varicocele 精索静脉曲张Blastocele 囊胚腔，分裂腔3.–ase 酶Amylase 淀粉酶Lipase 脂肪酶Oxidase 氧化酶Transaminase 转氨酶4.–chrome 色素Cytochrome 细胞色素Fluorochrome 荧光色素Lipochrome 脂色素5.–cide 杀…剂Bactericide 杀菌剂Fungicide 杀真菌剂Germicide 杀微生物剂4.–clysis 注，灌，冲洗Coloclysis 结肠灌洗Peritoneoclysis 腹膜腔灌洗术Venoclysis 静脉输注术Bronchoclysis 支气管灌洗5.–cyte 细胞Erythrocyte 红细胞Gonocyte 性细胞Histocyte 组织细胞Leucocyte 白细胞Phagocyte 吞噬细胞6.–derm 皮肤Dermia 皮肤病症Ectoderm 外胚层Endoderm 内胚层Epiderm 表皮Mesoderm 中胚层Scleroderma 硬皮病7.–dermia 皮肤病Hydrodermia 皮下水肿Keratodermia 皮肤角化病Sclerodermia 硬皮病8.–ectasis ，扩张，膨大Angiectasis 血管扩张Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Cholangiectasis 胆管扩张Arteriectasis 动脉扩张9.–ectomy 切除术Cholecysectomy 胆囊切除术Cystectomy 膀胱切除术Duodenectomy 十二直肠切除术Nephrectomy 肾切除术Hysterectomy 子宫切除术Pneumonectomy 全肺切除术10.–emia 血症，血Bacteremia 菌血症Cholemia 胆血症Hyperglycemia 高糖血症Hypercalcemia 高钙血症Hypermia 充血Leukemia 白血病Septicemia 败血症11.–gen 原，剂，素Agglutinogen 凝集素Carcinogen 致癌物Collagen 胶原Cryogen 致冻剂Estrogen 雌激素Glycogen 糖原Pathogen 病原体12.–genic ……原的Angiogenic 血管原的，形成血管的Cardiogenic 心源性的Gastrogenic 胃原性的Pyrogenic 致热性的，热源性的Radiogenic 放射源的13.–genou ，genesis 产生…的，生成…的，形成，生成Keratogenous 角质形成的Saprogenous 致腐败的Urogenous 出尿产生的Angiogenesis 血管生成14.–gram 图，描记图，照像Electrocardiogram 心电图Electroencephalogram 脑电图Hemogram 血象Pyelogram 肾盂X线照片Radiogram X 线照像15.–graph 描记器，照像Electrocardiograph 心电扫描器Encephalograph 脑摄影Pyelogram 肾盂照影Radiogram X 线照像16.–graphy 描记法，记录法，照相术Bronchography 支气管照影术Cholecystography 胆囊照影术Myeclography 脊髓照影术Radiography X 线照像术17.–ia 情况Algesia 痛觉，感觉过敏Aphasia 失语症Arrthythmia 心律不齐Asphyxia 窒息Hypothermia 体温过低Pyrexia 发热Urticaria 荨麻疹18.–iasis 病，状态，形成，存在Ascariasis 蛔虫Chololithiasis 胆石症Filariasis 丝虫病Psorasis 牛皮鲜Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病Nephrolithiasis 肾结石形成19.–ism 中毒，状态，机制，行为，结果Alcoholism 酒精中毒Arsenism 砷中毒Catabolism 分解代谢Hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进Hypnotism 催眠状态，催眠术Metabolism 新陈代谢20.–itis 炎Adenitis 淋巴腺炎Arthritis 关节炎Cystitis 膀胱炎Duodenitis 十二指肠炎Enteritis 肠炎Gastroduodenitis 胃十二指肠炎Ileitis 回肠炎Ileocolitis 回肠结肠炎Mastoiditis 乳突炎Myositis 肌炎Masosinusitis 鼻窦炎Neuritis 神经炎Orchitis 睾丸炎Osteitis 骨炎Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Otitis 耳炎Ovaritis 卵巢炎Pharyngitis 咽炎Pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎Pyloroduodenitis 幽门十二指肠炎Rhinitis 鼻炎Thyriditis 甲状腺炎Tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎Tracheitis ，trachitis 气管炎Tarchelomyitis 颈肌炎Ureteropyelitis 输尿管肾盂炎Ureteritis 输尿管炎21.–lysis 松解，溶解Arthrolysis 关节松解术Autolysis 自体溶解Cytolysis 细胞溶解Fibrinolysis 纤维蛋白溶解Paralysis 麻痹Osteolysis 骨质溶解Myolysis 肌溶解22.–megaly 大，巨大症Cardiomegaly 心肥大Cephalomegaly 巨头畸形Hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大23.–oid 样的，状的Amoeboid 阿米巴样的Amyloid 淀粉样的Carcinoid 类癌Cartilaginoid 软骨样的Chyloid 乳糜样的Rheumatoid 类风湿的Sigmoid 状的，乙状的Spheroid 球状的24．-oma 瘤Adenoma 腺瘤Carcinoma 癌Hepatoma 肝癌Myeloma 骨髓瘤Osteoblastoma 成骨细胞瘤Osteochondroma 骨软骨瘤Sarcoma 肉瘤25.–osis 病，过程，状态，异常的或病理状态Anastomosis 吻合术Cirrhosis 硬变Cyanosis 发绀Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多Furunculosis 痈病Hypnosis 催眠Thrombosis 血栓形成Tuberculosis 结核病26.–pathy 病Adenopathy 腺病Arthropathy 关节病Gastropathy 胃病Neuropathy 神经系病27.–penia 缺乏，不足，减少Erthyropenia 红细胞减少Leucopenia 白血病Lymphopenia 淋巴细胞减少Thrombopenia 血小板减少症Leukocytopenia 白血球减少28.-phage ，phagia 食，吞噬Aerophagia 吞气症Dysphagia 吞咽困难Macrophage 巨噬细胞Polyphagia 贪食症29.–philia 嗜，亲，异常的瘾Areophilia 嗜气性Eosinophilia 噬伊红性Hematophilia 血友病Hydrophilia 亲水性30.–phobia 恐怖Aerophobia 高处恐怖症Algophobia 疼痛恐怖症Hydrophobia 狂犬病31.–plasty 成形术，整形术Cheiloplasty 唇成形术Dermatoplasty 皮肤成形术Gastroplasty 胃成形术Kerotoplasty 角膜成形术Thoracoplasty 胸廓成形术32.–plegia 麻痹，瘫痪突然发作Hemiplegia 偏瘫Paraplegia 截瘫，下身瘫痪Thermoplegia 热射病，中暑33.–pnea 呼吸Apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息Dyspnea 呼吸困难Orthopnea 端坐呼吸Tachypnea 呼吸促迫34.–poiesis 生成，造Erythropoiesis 红细胞生成Hemopoiesis 血细胞生成Leucopoiesis 白细胞生成35.–rrhage ，rrhagia 大量流出Hemorrhage 出血Bronchorrhagia 支气管出血Gastrorrhagia 胃出血Menorrhagia 月经过多Pneumorrhagia 肺出血36.–rrhaphy 缝合Cardiorrhaphy 心肌缝合术Celiorrhaphy 腹壁缝合术Herniorrhaphy 疝缝合术37.–rrhea 流出，分泌，排泄Diarrhea 腹泻Menorrhea 月经Pyorrhea 溢脓38.–scope 镜，检查镜Bronchoscope 支气管镜Gastroscope 胃镜Laryngoscope 喉镜Stethoscope 听诊器39．-stomy 造口术，造瘘术，吻合术Cholecystostomy 胆囊造口术Colostomy 结肠造口术Ileocolostomy 回肠结肠造口术Gastrostomy 胃造口术40.–tome 切刀Histotome 组织切片刀Keratotome 角膜刀Microtome 切片刀41.–tomy 切开，切断Anatomy 解剖Angiotomy 血管切开Cholecystotomy 胆囊切开术Gastrotomy 胃切开术Laparotomy 剖腹术Pleurotomy 胸膜切开术Tracheotomy 气管切开术Valvulotomy 心瓣膜切开术Vesicotomy 膀胱节切开术42.–trophy 营养Atrophy 萎缩Eutrophy 营养良好Hypertrophy 肥大Lipotrophy 脂肪增多43.–uria 尿Albuminuria 蛋白尿Blennuria 粘液尿Hematuria 血尿Nocturia 夜尿症Pyuria 脓尿44.–ptosis 下垂Gastroptosis 胃下垂Visceroptosis 内脏下垂Blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂45.-pexy 固定Hepatopexy 肝固定术46.–tripsy 研磨Lithotripsy 碎石术47.–desis 外科包扎Arthrodesis 关节固定术48.–meter 测量仪器Thermometer 温度计49.–metry 测量Pelvimetry 骨盆测量术50.–blast 成……细胞Osteoblast 成骨细胞51.–clast 破裂，损坏Oseteoclast 破骨细胞52.–logy 研究过程，学科Pharmacology 药理学53.–iatry ，-iatrics 治疗，医学学科Podiatry 足医术Pediatrics 儿科学54.–stasis 抑制，保持常态Bacteriostasis 制菌作用55.–esthesia 感觉，感情，意识Anethesia 感觉缺失56.–malacia 软化Osteomalacia 骨软化57.–odynia 疼痛Cardiodynia 心痛58.–rrhexis 破裂Hepatorrhexis 肝破裂59.–schisis 畸形，裂Cheiloschisis chunlie60.–sclerosis 硬化Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化61.–spasm 痉挛Enterospasm 肠痉挛62.–stenosis 狭窄Laryngostenosis 喉狭窄63.–let 片剂64.–escense 表状态。
醋酸泼尼松 - drugfuturecom
醋酸泼尼松龙
Cusuan Ponisonglong
Prednisolone Acetate
o
醋酸泼尼松眼膏
Cusuan Ponisong Yangao
C23 H 3
06
402.4 9
本品为ll/3,17a，21-三羟基孕甾-1，4-二烯-3,20-二酮-21醋酸酯。 按干燥品计箅，含 C 2 3 H 3 。0 6 应为 97. 0% ：L02. 0 % 。 【性状】本品为白色或类白色的结晶性粉末；无臭， 味苦。
醋酸泼尼松龙 以上（2) 、（3)两项可选做一项。 【检查】含量均匀度取本品1片，置50ml量瓶中， 加甲醇适量，超声使醋酸泼尼松溶解，放冷，用甲醇稀释至 刻度，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液 20fxl, 照含量测定项下 的方法测定，按外标法以峰面积计算每片的含量，应符合 规定（附录 X E ) 。 溶出度取本品，照溶出度测定法（附录X C 第二法）， 录 I G )。 【含量测定】精密称取本品5g (相当于醋酸泼尼松
110. 0 % 。
【性状】本品为淡黄色软膏。 【鉴别】取本品 2g ，置具塞锥形瓶中，加石油醚 30ml ，充 分振摇使基质溶解，滤过，滤渣用石油醚分次洗涤后，加无水 乙醇10ml,加温搅拌使醋酸泼尼松溶解，在冰浴中放冷，滤 过，滤液置水浴上蒸干，加三氯甲烷 5ml 溶解，作为供试品溶 液；另取醋酸泼尼松对照品，加三氯甲烷溶解并稀释制成每 lml 中约含 2mg 的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（附 录V B) 试验，吸取上述两种溶液各 5^1, 分别点于同一硅胶 G
本品为17a，21-二羟基孕甾-1,4-二烯-3 ， 1 1 ，20-三酮-21醋 酸 酯 。 按 干 燥 品 计 算 ， 含 C „ H2S 0 6 应 为 9 7 . 0 % 102. 0 % 。 【性状】本品为白色或类白色的结晶性粉末；无臭， 味苦。 本品在三氯甲烷中易溶，在丙酮中略溶，在乙醇或乙酸乙 酯中微溶，在水中不溶。 比旋度取本品，精密称定，加二氧六环溶解并定量稀释 制成每 lml 中约含 lOmg 的溶液，依法测定（附录 W E)，比旋 度 应 为 + 183°至+ 190°。 吸收系数取本品，精密称定，加无水乙醇溶解并定量稀 释制成每lml中约含lOpg的溶液，照紫外-可见分光光度法 (附录IV A)，在238nm的波长处测定吸光度，吸收系数 为373 397。
原发性醛固酮增多症(中英文
Patient no. AVS
CT
APA
15
15
8
IHA
21
21
4
PHA
2
• Conclusion: adrenal CT imaging is not a reliable method to differentiate primary aldosteronism. Adrenal vein sampling is essential to establish the correct diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.
48 (77.4)
Blumenf Aldosterone excretion, PAC and 82 eld, 1994 PRA before and after postural
stimulation
52 (63.4)
Rossi, PAC and PRA before and after 104 41
type I) • FH type II (APA or IHA)
Number of diagnosed cases of PA per year
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 89, No. 3 1045-1050
Prevalence of PA in hypertensive patients
37 (6.1) 17 (8.5) 257 (6.6)
19 (5.9) 18 (14.4) 16 ( patients with hypokalemia
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 89, No. 3 1045-1050
Pimecrolimus_SDS_MedChemExpress
Inhibitors, Agonists, Screening LibrariesSafety Data Sheet Revision Date:May-24-2017Print Date:May-24-20171. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION1.1 Product identifierProduct name :PimecrolimusCatalog No. :HY-13723CAS No. :137071-32-01.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstIdentified uses :Laboratory chemicals, manufacture of substances.1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheetCompany:MedChemExpress USATel:609-228-6898Fax:609-228-5909E-mail:sales@1.4 Emergency telephone numberEmergency Phone #:609-228-68982. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION2.1 Classification of the substance or mixtureGHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4),H302Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1),H400Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1),H4102.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statementsPictogramSignal word WarningHazard statement(s)H302 Harmful if swallowed.H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.Precautionary statement(s)P264 Wash skin thoroughly after handling.P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.P273 Avoid release to the environment.P301 + P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician if you feel unwell.P330 Rinse mouth.P391 Collect spillage.P501 Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.2.3 Other hazardsNone.3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS3.1 SubstancesSynonyms:SDZ⁻ASM 981Formula:C43H68ClNO11Molecular Weight:810.45CAS No. :137071-32-04. FIRST AID MEASURES4.1 Description of first aid measuresEye contactRemove any contact lenses, locate eye-wash station, and flush eyes immediately with large amounts of water. Separate eyelids with fingers to ensure adequate flushing. Promptly call a physician.Skin contactRinse skin thoroughly with large amounts of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes and call a physician.InhalationImmediately relocate self or casualty to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Avoid mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.IngestionWash out mouth with water; Do NOT induce vomiting; call a physician.4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedThe most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2).4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededTreat symptomatically.5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES5.1 Extinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing mediaUse water spray, dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureDuring combustion, may emit irritant fumes.5.3 Advice for firefightersWear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresUse full personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, dust or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.Refer to protective measures listed in sections 8.6.2 Environmental precautionsTry to prevent further leakage or spillage. Keep the product away from drains or water courses.6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning upAbsorb solutions with finely-powdered liquid-binding material (diatomite, universal binders); Decontaminate surfaces and equipment by scrubbing with alcohol; Dispose of contaminated material according to Section 13.7. HANDLING AND STORAGE7.1 Precautions for safe handlingAvoid inhalation, contact with eyes and skin. Avoid dust and aerosol formation. Use only in areas with appropriate exhaust ventilation.7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesKeep container tightly sealed in cool, well-ventilated area. Keep away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition.Recommended storage temperature:Powder-20°C 3 years4°C 2 yearsIn solvent-80°C 6 months-20°C 1 monthShipping at room temperature if less than 2 weeks.7.3 Specific end use(s)No data available.8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION8.1 Control parametersComponents with workplace control parametersThis product contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.8.2 Exposure controlsEngineering controlsEnsure adequate ventilation. Provide accessible safety shower and eye wash station.Personal protective equipmentEye protection Safety goggles with side-shields.Hand protection Protective gloves.Skin and body protection Impervious clothing.Respiratory protection Suitable respirator.Environmental exposure controls Keep the product away from drains, water courses or the soil. Cleanspillages in a safe way as soon as possible.9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesAppearance White to off-white (Solid)Odor No data availableOdor threshold No data availablepH No data availableMelting/freezing point No data availableBoiling point/range No data availableFlash point No data availableEvaporation rate No data availableFlammability (solid, gas)No data availableUpper/lower flammability or explosive limits No data availableVapor pressure No data availableVapor density No data availableRelative density No data availableWater Solubility No data availablePartition coefficient No data availableAuto-ignition temperature No data availableDecomposition temperature No data availableViscosity No data availableExplosive properties No data availableOxidizing properties No data available9.2 Other safety informationNo data available.10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY10.1 ReactivityNo data available.10.2 Chemical stabilityStable under recommended storage conditions.10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactionsNo data available.10.4 Conditions to avoidNo data available.10.5 Incompatible materialsStrong acids/alkalis, strong oxidising/reducing agents.10.6 Hazardous decomposition productsUnder fire conditions, may decompose and emit toxic fumes.Other decomposition products - no data available.11.TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION11.1 Information on toxicological effectsAcute toxicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Skin corrosion/irritationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Serious eye damage/irritationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Respiratory or skin sensitizationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Germ cell mutagenicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2CarcinogenicityIARC: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.ACGIH: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a potential or confirmed carcinogen by ACGIH.NTP: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a anticipated or confirmed carcinogen by NTP.OSHA: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a potential or confirmed carcinogen by OSHA.Reproductive toxicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Specific target organ toxicity - single exposureClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposureClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Aspiration hazardClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 212. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION12.1 ToxicityNo data available.12.2 Persistence and degradabilityNo data available.12.3 Bioaccumlative potentialNo data available.12.4 Mobility in soilNo data available.12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessmentPBT/vPvB assessment unavailable as chemical safety assessment not required or not conducted.12.6 Other adverse effectsNo data available.13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS13.1 Waste treatment methodsProductDispose substance in accordance with prevailing country, federal, state and local regulations.Contaminated packagingConduct recycling or disposal in accordance with prevailing country, federal, state and local regulations.14. TRANSPORT INFORMATIONDOT (US)This substance is considered to be non-hazardous for transport.IMDGUN number: 3077Class: 9Packing group: IIIEMS-No: F-A, S-FProper shipping name: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S.Marine pollutant: Marine pollutant.IATAUN number: 3077Class: 9Packing group: IIIProper shipping name: Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s.15. REGULATORY INFORMATIONSARA 302 Components:No chemicals in this material are subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Title III, Section 302.SARA 313 Components:This material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers that exceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section 313.SARA 311/312 Hazards:No SARA Hazards.Massachusetts Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.Pennsylvania Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the Pennsylvania Right to Know Act.New Jersey Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the New Jersey Right to Know Act.California Prop. 65 Components:This product does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or anyother reproductive harm.16. OTHER INFORMATIONCopyright 2017 MedChemExpress. The above information is correct to the best of our present knowledge but does not purport to be all inclusive and should be used only as a guide. The product is for research use only and for experienced personnel. It must only be handled by suitably qualified experienced scientists in appropriately equipped and authorized facilities. The burden of safe use of this material rests entirely with the user. MedChemExpress disclaims all liability for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with this product.Caution: Product has not been fully validated for medical applications. For research use only.Tel: 609-228-6898 Fax: 609-228-5909 E-mail: tech@Address: 1 Deer Park Dr, Suite Q, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA。
阿司匹林抗肿瘤研究进展
作者简介：严晨强，硕士，医师。
作者单位：1．030001太原，山西医科大学；2．030001，山西医科大学第一医院普外科通讯作者：黄河，E-mail ：hh93003@163．com 阿司匹林抗肿瘤研究进展严晨强1综述黄河2审校【关键词】阿司匹林；抗肿瘤；COX ；肿瘤代谢【中国图书分类号】Ｒ453．9阿司匹林（aspirin ，acetylsalicylic acid ，ASA ）化学名为乙酰水杨酸，是非甾体类抗炎药，现已被广泛使用。
1852年蒙彼利埃大学化学教授Charles Ger-hart 发现了水杨酸分子结构，利用水杨酸与醋酐进行了合成，由于其纯度低且不稳定未能引起重视［1］。
1897年，Felix Hoffmann 首次合成了ASA 并纯化［2］。
1899年Felix Hoffman 合成的乙酰水杨酸被注册为“Aspirin ”并开始用于临床［1］。
我国于1958年开始生产。
随着研究的逐渐深入，ASA 被广泛用于镇痛、抗炎、退热、心血管疾病、内分泌疾病、肿瘤领域等。
ASA 与肿瘤的关系已有较多研究，叶华等［3］的一项Meta 分析表明，结直肠癌患者长期口服小剂量ASA 可能有助于改善预后。
长期服用可导致消化道不良反应，但长期隔日服用不仅能减少不良反应，还使其抗肿瘤的净效益增加［4］。
食管癌、胃癌、胆管癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、和肺癌等肿瘤中都发现了ASA 的抗肿瘤作用［5，6］。
笔者对ASA 抗肿瘤作用及机制进行综述。
1抗肿瘤经典途径ASA 可通过环氧酶（cyclooxygenase ，COX ）、NF-κB /I κB 、Bax /Bcl-2、TＲAIL 、诱导自噬、氧化应激等途径发挥抗肿瘤作用。
1．1COX 1．1．1COXCOX 有三种同工酶。
COX-1位于正常组织，有保护消化道黏膜、调节血小板聚集（通过TXA2）、调节血管张力（通过PGI2）、调节肾血流量的作用［7］。
司美格鲁肽联合二甲双胍恩格列净治疗2_型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者疗效及安全分析
DOI：10.16658/ki.1672-4062.2024.02.012司美格鲁肽联合二甲双胍恩格列净治疗2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者疗效及安全分析戚玉琴1，杨浩2，盖显英11.上海市松江区泗泾医院内分泌科，上海201600；2.上海市松江区泗泾医院心血管内科，上海201600[摘要]目的观察司美格鲁肽与二甲双胍恩格列净联合对2型糖尿病（Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus， T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病（Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease， NAFLD）患者治疗的临床应用价值。
方法选取2022年5月—2023年5月上海市松江区泗泾医院收治的100例T2DM合并NAFLD患者为研究对象，通过抽签法分为两组，各50例。
对照组给予二甲双胍恩格列净，观察组在对照组的基础上加用司美格鲁肽。
比较两组的血糖、肝功能、血脂和不良反应。
结果观察组治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、总胆固醇、三酰甘油水平低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。
两组不良反应发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
结论二甲双胍恩格列净联合司美格鲁肽治疗T2DM合并NAFLD患者，能调节糖脂代谢异常情况，改善其肝功能，安全性可靠。
[关键词] 2型糖尿病；非酒精性脂肪性肝病；二甲双胍恩格列净；司美格鲁肽[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062（2024）01（b）-0012-04Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Combined with Metfor⁃min and Empagliflozin in the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Combined with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseQI Yuqin1, YANG Hao2, GAI Xianying11.Department of Endocrinology, Sijing Hospital, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201600 China;2.Department of Cardio⁃vascular Medicine, Sijing Hospital, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201600 China[Abstract] Objective To observe the clinical application value of semaglutide combined with metformin and empa⁃gliflozin in the treatment of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) combined with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 100 patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD admitted to Sijing Hospital of Songjiang District of Shanghai from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the study objects and divided into two groups with 50 cases each by drawing lots. The control group was given metformin empagliflozin, and the observation group was given semaglutide on the basis of the control group. The blood glucose, liver function, blood lipid and ad⁃verse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postpran⁃dial blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Metformin empagliflozin combined with semaglutide can regulate abnormal glu⁃[基金项目]上海市松江区科学技术攻关项目（22SJKJGG82）；上海市松江区新一轮医学重点学科（ZK2019B02）[作者简介]戚玉琴（1995-），女，硕士，住院医师，研究方向为内分泌及代谢病学。
VTE预防及护理
血栓形成的机制
血浆(边流)将血液的有形成分(轴流)与血管壁隔开,阻止血小板与内膜接触和激活
血管内膜损伤 血流缓慢涡流形成
血小板可进入边流，与内膜接触和黏附的机会增加 被激活的凝血因子和凝血酶在局部易达到凝血所需的浓度 血流缓慢导致缺氧，内皮细胞损伤,暴露其下的胶原，从而触发内，外源性的凝血过程
年龄≥75岁 大手术持续2~3h * 肥胖（BMI>50kg/m2） 浅静脉、深静脉血栓或肺栓塞病史 血栓家族史 现患恶性肿瘤或化疗 肝素引起的血小板减少 未列出的先天或后天血栓形成 抗心磷脂抗体阳性 凝血酶原20210A阳性 因子Vleiden阳性 狼疮抗凝物阳性 血清同型半胱氨酸酶升高
三大病因
1 血
栓
血管内膜损伤
形
2 成
血流缓慢涡流形成
的
3 条
件
血液高凝状态
血栓形成的机制
血管内膜损伤 血流缓慢涡流形成 血液高凝状态
图1 血管内膜损伤形成血栓示意图
• 内膜损伤 • 胶原纤维暴露与血小板黏附
• 血小板释放颗粒合成TXA2
• 血小板被激活并相互凝集
• 血小板聚堆、释放凝血酶 • 激活纤维蛋白原 • 纤维蛋白网罗新血液中的红
VTE的危害
高发生率
高死亡率
高复发率
高治疗费
研究背景
✓ 每年全球范围VTE的发生接近1000万例[1]。 ✓ 美国每年VTE的发生例数超过200万，每年有 2万人死于肺栓塞，其中 11% 在发病1h后死亡[2-3] ✓ 欧洲每年新发112万例VTE，VTE相关死亡人数更是高达54.3万例 ✓ 我国VTE防治形势同样不容乐观，国内一项回顾性研究发现，10年间，VTE 病人住院率从
门冬酰胺 质谱
门冬酰胺质谱
门冬酰胺（Asparagine）是一种有机化合物，化学式为C4H8N2O3。
它是一种白色结晶粉末，无臭，味微甜而苦。
门冬酰胺易溶于水，微溶于乙醇。
门冬酰胺的分子量为132.12 g/mol，其质谱图中主要的碎片离子峰有m/z 133 [M+H]+、m/z 116 [M-CH3]+、m/z 88 [M-CO2H]+ 等。
门冬酰胺在生物体内具有重要的生理功能，是一种必需氨基酸，也是一种重要的生物活性物质。
它在蛋白质合成、细胞代谢、神经传递等方面都起着重要的作用。
门冬酰胺可用于制药、食品添加剂、化妆品等领域。
在制药方面，它可用于制备抗生素、消炎药、抗癌药等药物；在食品添加剂方面，它可用于增强食品的营养价值；在化妆品方面，它可用于保湿、抗衰老等。
总之，门冬酰胺是一种重要的有机化合物，具有广泛的应用前景。
国内中国期刊的英文缩写
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选择性COX-2抑制剂引起心血管风险的研究进展
目前临床上广泛使用的抗炎药物主要有两种，甾体抗炎药（steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ，SAIDs ）和非甾体抗炎药[1]（non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs ，NSAIDs ）。
其中NSAIDs 是最常用的抗炎药物[2]，全世界每天有上亿人服用[3]。
2019年全球NSAIDs 市场规模为155.8亿美元，预计在2027年将达到243.5亿美元[4]。
所有NSAIDs 通过抑制环氧合酶（cyclooxygen‑ase ，COX ）的亚型COX-1和/或COX-2发挥作用，该酶参与疼痛和炎症有关的前列腺素的形成[5]。
NSAIDs 通过抑制COX-1和/或COX-2，抑制前列腺素的合成，产生抗炎、解热和镇痛的作用，常用于调节炎症、发热和疼痛，但也会引起一系列的不良反应，比如损害胃肠道粘膜，升高血压，损害肾功能，并导致不良心血管事件，尤其是对老年人和心血管疾病患者来说风险更高[6-7]。
越来越多的证据表明，长期服用NSAIDs ，尤其是选择性的COX-2抑制剂，不论是在有已知疾病的患者中还是健康人群中，将显著增加心血管疾病的风险[8-9]。
我们就选择性COX-2抑制剂引起心血管风险的研究进行综述，以期为临床合理用药提供参考，减少不良反应，提高用药安全性。
1NSAIDs 的分类与发展NSAIDs 最早的类型是从柳树皮中提取的口服水杨酸酯类化合物[10]，在19世纪中叶被用来缓解疼痛、发热和炎症反应。
对这类天然化合物的研究，促成了世上第一个NSAIDs ——阿司匹林于1898年诞生[11]。
至今阿司匹林仍然是世界上最常用的药物之一，每年大约消耗4万吨[12]。
非阿司匹林类NSAIDs 例如布洛芬于20世纪60年代初推出[13]，此后种类迅速增多，发展至今已有上百种药物[14]，按化学结构主要可分为以下几类：水杨酸类药物（如阿司匹林）、邻氨基苯甲酸衍生物（如甲芬那酸）、乙酸衍生物（如吲哚美辛、双氯芬酸醋、酮咯酸、舒林酸）、丙酸衍生物（如布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬和氟比洛芬）和烯酸衍生物（如吡罗昔康、美洛昔康）[15-18]。
枇杷叶科罗索酸抑制人低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰及保护血管内皮细胞氧
Corosolic Acid from Folium Eriobotryae Inhibits LDL Oxidation and Protects HAECs against Oxidative Damage
LI Feng1,2, LI Yijia2, LI Qingxian2, GUO Yanghao2, SHI Xian’ ai2,* (1. College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; 2. College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China) Abstract: In the present study, corosolic acid (CA) was extracted and separated from Folium Eriobotryae. A Cu2+-induced low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation model was employed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of CA on LDL oxidation in vitro, and a human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) model of oxidative damage induced by (2,2’-azobis-2-methylpropanimidamide dihydrochloride, AAPH) was employed to evaluate the protective effect of CA on oxidative damage. In the dose range of 10-100 μmol/L, CA effectively extended the lag time of the Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation process, reduced the area under the oxidation kinetic curve (AUC) and inhibited the generation of lipid peroxide indicating that CA could effectively inhibit LDL oxidation induced by Cu2+. In the cellular experiment at the dose range of 2-10 μmol/L, CA effectively reduced LDH leakage induced by AAPH, maintained the integrity of cell structure, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and therefore oxidative stress resistance, reduced the proportion of sub-G1/G0 cells and necrosis or apoptosis induced by AAPH. These results demonstrated that CA could elevate cellular antioxidant capacity, maintain the integrity of cellular structure, and ultimately protect HAECs against oxidative stress damage induced by AAPH. Key words: Folium Eriobotryae; corosolic acid; low density lipoprotein(LDL); vascular endothelial cells; lipid peroxidation DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201715035 中图分类号：TS201.4 引文格式： 李锋, 李义嘉, 李清仙, 等. 枇杷叶科罗索酸抑制人低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰及保护血管内皮细胞氧化损伤作用[J]. 食品 科学, 2017, 38(15): 215-220. DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201715035. LI Feng, LI Yijia, LI Qingxian, et al. Corosolic acid from Folium Eriobotryae inhibits LDL oxidation and protects HAECs against oxidative damage[J]. Food Science, 2017, 38(15): 215-220. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI:10.7506/ spkx1002-6630-201715035. 收稿日期：2016-06-14 基金项目：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项（201205022） 作者简介：李锋（1976—），男，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事天然成分生物活性研究。E-mail：lifeng9676@ *通信作者：石贤爱（1971—），男，教授，博士，主要从事海洋生物工程研究。E-mail：shixa@ 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002-6630（2017, Vol.38, No.15 215
莱鲍迪A苷的研究进展
50 食品安全导刊 2012年6月刊莱鲍迪A苷的研究进展□ 路 勇 上海师范大学 胡国华 华东理工大学甜菊糖苷（俗称甜菊糖）是一种天然的低热量的高倍甜味剂，从原产南美巴拉圭东北部的菊科小灌木甜叶菊（Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni）的叶子中提取而得。
甜菊糖被国际上誉为“世界第三蔗糖”。
目前为止，已从甜叶菊中分离得到8种糖苷。
莱鲍迪A苷（简称RA苷）是甜度最高的一种糖苷，约为蔗糖的300～400倍。
RA苷含量越高，甜味就越纯正，也就会受越多消费者的青睐，故必须想办法提高甜菊糖产品中RA苷的含量。
因此，目前对莱鲍迪A苷的研究具有非常重要的意义。
本文就莱鲍迪A苷的物化性质、制备、检测的研究进行阐述，并对莱鲍迪A苷在食品工业中的应用和前景进行了简述。
ADDITIVES & NUTRITION 添加剂与营养莱鲍迪A苷的物化性质1.莱鲍迪A苷的分子结构从立体化学分子结构来看（见图1），莱鲍迪苷A和甜菊糖苷具有相同的苷元，其最终的代谢产物就是他们的相同结构甜菊醇（也叫斯替维醇）。
其甜度和风味的不同，是由于在C-19位和C-13位上连接的葡糖基和鼠李糖基的数量不同造成的。
2.莱鲍迪A苷的理化性质RA苷的分子量为967，熔点为242～244℃左右。
RA苷对酸碱性溶液较稳定，且对日光也十分稳定。
据报道莱鲍迪苷类糖储存在聚乙烯袋中24个月，只有1%～2%的莱鲍迪A苷损图1 分子结构式甜菊苷（Stevioside）甜菊A苷（RebaudiosideA）Copyright©博看网 . All Rights Reserved.失。
RA苷也有较好的热稳定性。
在乳制品中使用的RA苷，经巴斯德杀菌后，没有发现降解产物，其在烘烤（温度大约为39°F）中的使用也表现出良好的稳定性。
RA苷可溶于水、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃等，不溶于苯、醚、氯仿等有机溶剂。
相对于其他苷类，RA苷在水中有较大的水溶性。
没药酸分子式
没药酸分子式没药酸，也称为没药酸酐或散没药酸（Mastic acid），是一种天然的有机化合物，属于萜类物质。
它的分子式为C15H24O2，结构式为：H H│ │H ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ H│ │ ║ ║ │H H O C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─ C ─C ─ C H│C ─ H没药酸分子式中有15个碳原子、24个氢原子和2个氧原子，总共有41个原子。
它的分子量为236.35克/摩尔。
没药酸是从没药树（Pistacia lentiscus）的树脂中提取得来。
没药树是一种生长在地中海地区的常绿灌木。
没药树释放树脂是作为一种自然防御机制，以修复受到损伤的组织。
沉积在许多脆弱的地方，如树木的裂缝和受虫害攻击的地方。
这种树脂经过处理和提取，就可以得到没药酸。
没药酸具有很多药理活性和抗菌性能，在医药和化妆品行业有广泛的应用。
没药酸的化学结构是由多个异戊二烯基单元组成的。
异戊二烯基单元是一个由五个碳原子组成的环状结构，它是萜类化合物的特征结构。
没药酸中的每个异戊二烯基单元都与其他单元连接在一起，形成了长链状的分子。
这种结构使得没药酸可以在溶剂中溶解，具有良好的化学活性。
没药酸具有多种药理活性和生物活性。
研究发现，没药酸具有抗菌性，能够有效抑制多种细菌和真菌的生长。
这使得它成为一种有效的天然防腐剂，在化妆品和食品制造业中有广泛的应用。
此外，没药酸还具有抗氧化性能，能够清除自由基并保护细胞免受损伤。
它还具有抗炎症和抗肿瘤活性，有助于缓解炎症和治疗某些类型的癌症。
没药酸在医药行业中有广泛的应用。
它可以用于治疗皮肤病，如痤疮、湿疹和牛皮癣。
没药酸能够杀灭细菌和真菌，并促进皮肤的愈合和再生。
此外，没药酸还被发现具有抗病毒活性，可以用于治疗病毒感染疾病，如感冒和流感。
研究还表明，没药酸可以降低血脂和胆固醇水平，对心血管健康有益。
α-蒎烯促进海洋真菌Aspergillus sp.产真菌毒素青霉酸的研究
α-蒎烯促进海洋真菌Aspergillus sp.产真菌毒素青霉酸的研究李厚金;谢莹璐;邱小忠;蓝文健【摘要】Fungus Aspergillus sp., which was isolated from soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum, could produce mycotoxin penicillic acid with the yield of 5.5 mg/L in GPY medium containing glucose 10 g/L,peptone 5 g/L, yeast extract 2 g/L, sea water 1 L, at pH 7.5.Interestingly, while the GPY medium supplied with α-pinene at a dose of 200 mg/L, the constitute and content of the metabolites of Aspergillus sp.altered obviously.Furthermore, the yield of penicillic acid in the culture broth increased dramatically from 5.5 mg/L in control group ( GPY medium) to 29.15 mg/L in biotransformation group.Based on the gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis, the major biotransformed products of α-pinene were characterized as oxygenated monoterpenoids, which were undergone further biodegradation.This finding suggested that monoterpene substrate, α-pinene could used to be an elicitor.It can alter the oxidase activities, trigger and modulate microbial metabolic pathways, and has potential application in fermentation.%采自南海软珊瑚Sarcophyton tortuosum的内生真菌Aspergillus sp.在由葡萄糖10g/L,蛋白胨5 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,100%海水,pH为7.5的培养基(GPY)中能够产生真菌毒素青霉酸,产量为5.5 mg/L.在GPY培养基中添加200 mg/L的单萜α-蒎烯,能改变代谢产物的组成和含量,并显著促进该真菌产生青霉酸,产量可提高至29.15 mg/L.结果表明α-蒎烯在该菌的作用下主要得到系列氧化产物,并进一步发生氧化降解.单萜α-蒎烯可以作为一个有效的诱导子,引起微生物的氧化应激反应,改变膜上酶系的活性,使代谢活动得到调控,改变代谢产物组成或产量,在微生物发酵工业上有潜在应用.【期刊名称】《中山大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2011(050)002【总页数】4页(P66-69)【关键词】真菌Aspergillus sp.;青霉酸;α-蒎烯;生物转化;诱导子【作者】李厚金;谢莹璐;邱小忠;蓝文健【作者单位】中山大学化学与化学工程学院,广东广州,510275;中山大学化学与化学工程学院,广东广州,510275;南方医科大学解剖教研室,广州,510515;中山大学药学院,广东广州,510006【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O629.9软珊瑚Sarcophyton tortuosum在海南三亚珊瑚礁海区分布较广，采集容易。