2022版高考英语一轮复习 必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists学案(含解

Module 4 Great Scientists
□biochemistry n. □species n. □hybrid n. □partly adv.
□biology n. □yield n. □quali ty n. □relativity n.
□botany n. □sterile adj. □best­seller n. □rocket n.
□genetics n. □breakthrough n. □cosmology n. □millennium n.
□zoology n. □convert vt. □diagnose vt. □gunpowder n.
□staple adj. □cash crop n. □brilliant adj. □arrow n.
□lead ing adj. □export vt. □career n. □straight adj.
□breeding n.
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes... 变换
2．(2020·天津卷)“...Making a full­length clay(黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do！”塑像
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. 消遣；解脱
4．(2019·江苏卷)The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relative small head.支撑
[单词拼写·运用]
核心单词语境运用
1．figure n．人物
2．publish vt.出版3．breakthrough n．突破4．support vt.支持
5．replace vt.取代；以……代替6．quantity n．数量
7．quality n．质量
8．victim n．受害者9．escape vi.逃跑；逃避10．clear vi.(烟雾)消散用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．(2020·天津卷)Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published(publish) his first novel.
2．Our foreign policy
is_supported(support) by the people almost all over the world.
3．Most of the flood victims(victim) had to leave all their things behind. 4．They take measures to prevent the prisoners from escaping(escape)．
5．We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(clear) at last.
派生单词语境运用
1．produce v．生产→product n．产品
→producer n．生产者→production n．生产；产量
2．educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者3．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的
4．origin n．起源→original adj.原来的；最初的→originate vi.起源于
5．export vt.出口→import vt.进口6．brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly adv.简短地
7．graduate vi.毕业n．毕业生
→graduation n．毕业
8．personal adj.个人的→personally adv.就个人而言→personality n．个性；人格用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．This factory produces computers.Its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale.(produce)
2．On the whole, people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good
education.(educate)
3．This word originated from a Latin word and the original meaning is quite different from what it is
today.(origin)
4．Though she explained the topic briefly，we still learned a lot from her brief words.(brief)
5．After graduation，he is one of the
9．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸；爆炸声graduates who have graduated this year and are looking for a job.(graduate) 6．Personally speaking, I don't like his personality because he only thinks of his personal_profit.(personal) 7．Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)
[短语理解·运用]
高频短语语境运用
1．bring_up 培养；养育2．experiment_with 对……进行实验3．bring_in 引进
4．as_a_result_of 由于……的结果5．earn_one's_living 谋生选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。

Wang Gang was born and ①brought_up in a remote mountain village，where people mainly ②earned_their_living by farming.③As_a_result_of lacking advanced farming ways，they lived a hard life.Since new farming ways were ④brought_in，their life has been getting better and better.
6．the/a_key_to_(doing)_sth. (做)某事的关键
7．carry_out 实施；履行
8．be_known_for 因……而出名/闻名9．be_diagnosed_with 被诊断患有……疾病
10．come_to/into_power 掌权选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。

Mrs. Green ⑤was_diagnosed_with breast cancer，and went to a doctor who ⑥
was_known_for treating cancers.The doctor ⑦carried_out a series of treatments on her，and told her that ⑧the_key_to recovering rapidly is to have a relaxed mind.Following the doctor's advice，her illness gradually picked up.
[句式辨识·运用]
教材原句背诵句式仿写应用
1.It is＋过去分词＋that从句。

据报道，在这次事故中没有乘客受伤。

In Stephen Hawking's case it was
discovered that he was a brilliant
scientist.
It_is_reported_that
no passengers were
injured in the accident.
2.keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语。

The tubes were attached to a long stick
which helped keep the rocket moving in a
straight direction.
很抱歉让你等了三个小时。

I am sorry for having kept_you_waiting
for three hours.
3.现在分词短语作结果状语。

Or was he carried miles into space，
becoming the world's first astronaut？
他每天回来得很晚，这使得他的妻子很生
气。

He comes home late every evening,
making_his_wife_very_angry.
1．support vt.&n.支持；拥护；支撑；供养
[高考原句·2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.
(1)support sb.in sth.在某方面支持某人
support a family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生
(2)come to one's support 来支持某人
with one's support 在某人的支持下
in support of 支持；拥护
(3)supportive adj. 支持的；给予帮助的
supporting adj. (演员、角色)次要的；配角的
get more money to support his family 挣更多的钱养家糊口
speak in support of the ban of drunk driving 发表讲话支持禁止酒后驾车
strongly support the plan to build a playground for children 强烈支持为孩子们建操场的计划
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The old man entered the hall, supported(support) by his two sons.
②Hearing her supportive(support) words, I was full of hope for my plan.
③We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime.
[链接写作]——一句多译
我将举双手支持校园内禁止吸烟。

①I'll raise both hands to_support_banning_smoking in the schoolyard.(support v．)
②I'll raise both hands in_support_of_banning_smoking in the
schoolyard.(support n．)
2．quantity n．数量；大量
[高考原句·2019·浙江卷]Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.
a large (good)/small quantity of 大/少量的
large quantities of 大量的，许多的
in quantity 大量地
in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上
have improved in quantity and quality this term 本学期在数量和质量上都有所提升
large quantities of/a large quantity of clothes and food 大量的衣物和食物
buy such a quantity of things on Double Eleven Day
在双十一买了这么多的东西
[名师点津] a quantity of/large quantities of接可数或不可数名词。

后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的数一般根据quantity的单复数而定。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has_covered (cover) the land.
②We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.
③With more an d more forests cut down, large quantities of soil
are_being_washed(wash) away.
[链接写作]——一句多译
人们筹集了大量的钱送给了遭受水灾的难民手中。

①A_large_quantity_of_money_has_been_raised to be sent to the refugees in the flooded area.(quantity)
②Large_quantities_of_money_have_been_raised to be sent to the refugees in the flooded area.(quantities)
3．escape v．&n.逃跑；逃脱；避开；(气体、液体等)漏出；被遗忘
[高考原句·2019·天津卷]Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape.
[一词多义]——写出下列句中escape的含义
①(2020·天津卷)The thief tries to escape.And the officer can't let him get away. 逃跑，逃脱
②Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.漏出
③That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, t rying to escape the heat.避开
④I remembered seeing him somewhere before, but his name escaped me for the moment.被遗忘
escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事
escape from/out of ...从……逃跑，逃走；从……中溢出，漏出
sth.escape sb.某事物被某人忘记；未被注意到
a narrow escape 九死一生，幸免于难
escape from the burning house with the help of firefighters 在消防员的帮助下逃离了燃烧的房屋
narrowly escape being killed in the traffic accident
差一点在交通事故中丧生
use alcohol as a means of escape 借酒消愁
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.
②Whoever breaks the law won't escape punishment/being_punished(punish)．
③Without thinking he started to run and luckily escaped(escape) the cat's paw.
[链接写作]——句式升级
普通表达：While shopping, I came across one of my former classmates, but I couldn't remember his name, which made me embarrassed.
高级表达：While shopping, I came across one of my former classmates, but
his_name_escaped_me/my_memory,which made me embarrassed.(用escape改写) 4．clear vi. (烟雾)消散；变清澈；(天)变晴vt.使清澈；使清楚，消除adj.清澈的；
晴朗的；清晰的；畅通的
[高考原句·2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.
(1)clear away 清除；驱散；拿走；收拾
clear up (天)放晴；整理；清理；消除(误会)
(2)make ...clear 阐明；清楚表明
It is clear that ...显然……
clear his throat before giving a speech 他说话前清了清喉咙
try our best to clear (away) his mind of doubt 尽力消除他心中的疑虑
clear up the misunderstanding and make up 消除误解，握手言和
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It's raining now, but I think it will clear up soon.
②Cities like Beijing suffer from terrible smog, and rain can help clear away air pollution.
③Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
[链接写作]——完成句子
显然，高科技设备在青少年中变得流行并且改变了他们的生活方式。

It_is_clear_that high­tech equipment has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life.
5．come to/into power掌权；上台；执政
in power 当权
beyond one's power 不能胜任
within/in one's power 有能力；力所能及
do everything within/in one's power 竭尽所能
expect to be back in power after the election 希望大选以后重新执政
have been in power for more than 20 years 已执政20多年了
be accused of abusing his power 他被指控滥用职权
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve people's life.
②It is quite beyond my power.I'm determined to give it up.
③The government in power is devoted to the improvement of education.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
普通表达：I will try my best to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
高级表达：I will do_everything_within/in_my_power to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
6．(教材P39)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这样能使火箭直线前进。

[句型公式] 句中keep the rocket moving为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。

其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。

“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，意为“使……继续处于某种状态”，这里keep为使役动词，其用法有：
(1)keep＋宾语＋现在分词(分词与宾语构成主动关系)
(2)keep＋宾语＋过去分词(分词与宾语构成被动关系)
(3)keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
[金句推送]It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy.
它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们身体健康。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The question kept me wondering(wonder) for the rest of the night.
②Please remain seated and keep your seat belts fastened(fasten)．
③It was impolite of you to keep your guests waiting(wait) for such a long time.
[链接写作]——词汇/句式升级
普通表达：It is necessary that we should let the young generation learn of the current affairs.
高级表达：It is necessary that we should keep_the_young_generation_informed_ of the current affairs.(inform，keep＋宾语＋宾补)
夯基固本——基础强化
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。

1．The old man entered the room supported(support) by his grandson.
2．He cleared(clear) his throat and spoke in low, polite tones.
3．The murderer tried to escape being_caught(catch) by the police but in vain.
4．Please keep us informed(inform) of any change of your address as soon as possible.
5．As a result of the earthquake, a large quantity of earth has_blocked(block) several rivers there.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。

1．A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory.
2．When the new ruler came to/into power, he made peace with all his former enemies.
3．His confident words have cleared up our doubts about how the plan will be carried out.
4．To our relief, all the kids escaped from the fire with the help of the firefighters.
5．Nowadays, this type of medicine has been produced in quantity and is widely used in clinical trials.
查缺补漏——知识拾遗
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。

1．Most people hold the belief that education(educate) can change one's fate.
2．Personally(personal), I think he is a very good man, but you may not agree.
3．His first book was_published(publish) last year and it turned out to be a best­seller.
4．The key to protecting(protect) the environment is to let people realize the importance of the environment.
5．This is a copy of the famous picture, and the original(origin) work is now in the British Museum.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。

1．His success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.
2．In face of increasing energy limits, China needs a major breakthrough in mining and exploration.
3．New ideas have been brought in since China was opened to the outside world.
4．The attack is believed to have been carried out during the early morning hours.
5．After his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer, he spent all of his time looking after her.
强技提能——语言应用
Ⅰ.语法填空
Which are you interested in, botany, biology, biochemistry, zoology, genetics or cosmology? There are brilliant 1.scientists(scientist) in every field. Today, I'll introduce one of them to you.
Dr. Yuan Longping is a leading figure in China's 2.agricultural(agriculture) research. Dr. Yuan is known for his super hybrid rice and has been awarded several times. Born, brought up and cated(educate) in China, Dr. Yuan knew that many people suffered from hunger. A lot of them even earned their living by begging. As rice is a staple food in China and many other countries，he dreamed of 4.developing (develop) a new species to raise rice production to feed more people. After graduation, supported by the government, he devoted himself to the research. As a result of his years' efforts, in 1970, he made 5.a great breakthrough and finally developed hybrid. This hybrid rice has a higher yield 6.than either of the original plants. His discovery 7.was_published(publish) in newspapers worldwide. Now, Dr. Yuan's rice has gradually replaced the common rice and much of the land has been converted to growing vegetables and cash crops. Large 8.quantities(quantity) of rice have been exported to other countries, which partly solves the world hunger.
Dr. Yuan's 9.personal(person) life is very simple. Sometimes, he escapes his busy life by playing the violin or mahjong. Though he is in his eighties, he is still 10.in good physical condition. For his career, he once made a brief summary: I'm only a student who asks questions.
Ⅱ.书面表达
Step 1.要点提示(黑体字部分要使用本单元所学词汇)
①亚历山大·弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。

Alexander Flaming was born in Scotland and (was)_brought_up by his mother and his elder brother.
②在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院校接受教育。

With_their_support,he got_educated/received_education in a medical school in London.
③1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。

In 1906, he graduated_from_this_school as a top student.
④他对医学做出了巨大贡献，但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。

He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of
2022版高考英语一轮复习必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists学案（含解析）外研版-2022版高考英语一轮复习必修4Module4GreatScientists学案含解析外研版penicillin that made_him_earn_life­long_honor.
⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世，并因此获得诺贝尔奖。

He was_known_for_this_achievement,and for it he received a Nobel Prize.
Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)
(1)用分词作状语改写句①
Alexander_Flaming_was_born_in_Scotland,_brought_up_by_his_mother_and_his_eld er_brother.
(2)用“介词＋which”非限制性定语从句改写句⑤
He_was_known_for_this_achievement,_for_which_he_received_a_Nobel_Prize.
Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Alexander Flaming was born in Scotland, brought up by his mother and his elder brother.With their support, he got educated in a medical school in London.In 1906, he graduated from this school as a top student.After that he made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that made him earn life­long honor.He was known for this achievement, for which he received a Nobel Prize.It was clear that Flaming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.
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