药学毕业论文开题报告范文
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药学毕业论文开题报告范文
1、选题意义和背景:
万古霉素(V anyci n, VC M)是糖肽类抗生素,1958年被美国FDA 批准上市。
万古霉素通过干扰细菌细胞壁合成而发挥杀菌作用。
本品主要对革兰阳性(G+)菌具有强大的杀菌活性,特别是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Met hicil lin-
r esist ant s taphy lococ cus a ureus, MRS A)以及耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌
(M ethic illin resi stant coag ulase nega tivestaph yloco ccus, MRCN S).根据 2017年中国CHINE T 细菌耐药性监测,MRSA和 MRC NS 检出率分别平均为47.9%和 77.1%.由于医院内上述耐药菌感染日趋严重,万古霉素越来越多地被应用于临床。
然而,万古霉素具有肾、耳毒性,严重者可导致肾衰竭或听力丧失,这些不良反应在老年人中更易出现。
因此,安全有效的应用该药物,最大程度减少药物对患者的损害,并发挥药物的最佳疗效,引起临床高度关注。
2、论文综述/研究基础:
近年来,国内外关于万古霉素群体药动学(Popul ation phar macok ineti cs, P PK)研究涉及新生儿、成年人、肥胖患者、肾功能不全患者等人群。
Sanc hez 等在141例应用万古霉素的患者中发现,老年人(≥65 岁,n=40)清除率(Cl earan cerat e, CL)和表观分布容积(A ppare nt vo lumeof di strib ution, V)分别为(2.24 ±
1.2)L·h-1和(43.7 ± 5.1)L,而年轻人( 65岁,n=101)C L 和V则分别为(4.03 ±
1.7)L·h-1和(28.4 ±5.3)L,两个群体之间存在统计学差异(p 0.05)。
福建医科大学附属第一医院药学部课题组前期已建立成年患者万古霉素PP K 模型,可以为临床制定万古霉素给药方案提供参考依据。
为了进一步完善这一体系,本研究拟建立老年患者万古霉素P PK 模型,辅助临床实现个体化给药。
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4、论文提纲第一部分万古霉素血药浓度监测1 方法学简述2 E MIT 法测定万古霉素血药浓度3 讨论4小结第二部分老年患者万古霉素群体药动学模型的建立1 材料与方法2结果3 讨论4 小结
5、论文的理论依据、研究方法、研究内容本研究应用 NO NMEM法初步建立了老年患者万古霉素PPK 模型,考察了年龄、体重、肾功能、合并用药对万古霉素清除率的影响,发现C LCr是万古霉素药动学参数的主要影响因素。
模型验证结果显示,最终模型稳定、有效,具有良好的预测能力。
。